Say, Sergey and Dmitry Nikolaev. 2021. Maps. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames.
St. Petersburg: Institute for Linguistic Studies, RAS. (Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info, Accessed on 11 May 2025.)
Transitivity and locus ratio maps
These four maps display the ratios of transitive predicates and of three types of intransitive patterns in the
languages of the sample.
The three types of intransitive patterns are distinguished based on whether the first argument (X), the second
argument (Y), or both arguments (X and Y)
are encoded by oblique devices; see the section on locus in How to read the data for
more detail.
Ratios of transitive predicates
Colour codes:
– 60–81%
– 53–59%
– 47–52%
– 40–46%
– 27–39%
Values above 81% and below 27% have not been observed.
This map shows whether translation equivalents of a given predicate (‘attack’, ‘be afraid’, etc.) belong to the
transitive class in the languages of the sample.
Non-transitive equivalents are further divided into three types based on their locus of intransitivity, i.e.,
whether the first argument (X), the second argument (Y),
or both arguments are encoded by oblique devices. See How to read the data for more
detail on locus.
Colour codes:
– transitive
– X-locus (the first argument is encoded by an oblique device)
– Y-locus (the second argument is encoded by an oblique device)
– XY-locus (both arguments are encoded by oblique devices)
This map shows whether translation equivalents of two selected predicates (e.g., ‘be afraid’ and ‘avoid’) pattern
together in terms of their valency class
in individual languages. Note that the equivalents are considered belonging to the same valency class if and only if
their first and second arguments are
aligned (e.g., the classes tagged “DAT_NOM” and “NOM_DAT” in Russian are considered two different classes for the
purposes of the project).
See How to read the data for more detail on how language-specific valency patterns are
identified.
Colour codes:
– the two equivalents belong to the same valency class
– the two equivalents belong to different valency classes
