‘enter’
| Argument frame: |
X
(enter)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
P.
entered
the house
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
входить
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(входить) в
Y
(дом)
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
вошел в
дом
.
|
Abaza
šəl
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_NONARG
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: NONARG |
| Locus: Y |
| a-phʷə́spa |
a-tʒə́ |
d-na-šə́l-ṭ |
|
def
-girl
|
def
-house
|
3
sg
.
h
.
abs
-
tral
-enter(
aor
)-
dcl
|
| ‘The girl entered the house.’ |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
jə-he
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_LOC.CONT
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: LOC.CONT |
| Locus: Y |
| pŝaŝe-r |
wəne-m |
jə-ha-ʁ |
|
girl-
abs
|
house-
obl
|
loc
:
cont
-enter-
pst
|
| ‘The girl entered the house.’ |
Aghul
ačaj-
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_DAT
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan |
χul.a-s |
ačaj-ne |
|
pn
|
house-
dat
|
{
in
.
lat
}come:
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Aslan entered the house.’ |
Akhvakh (Northern)
beq’uruƛa
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| patħudi |
č’ila-ga |
woq’-ari |
|
pn
|
house.
obl
-
lat
|
m
.come-
aor
|
| ‘Pathudi entered the house.’ |
Andi (Zilo)
kab.i
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILLAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILLAT |
| Locus: Y |
| ali |
haqχ’u-di |
kab.i |
|
pn
[
m
][
nom
]
|
room-
illat
|
enter.
pst
(
aor
)
|
| ‘Ali entered the room.’ |
Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi)
dxl
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_l
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: l |
| Locus: Y |
| Abrahām |
daxal |
l-ǝl-bēt |
|
pn
|
enter.
pf
.3
ms
|
to-
art
-house
|
| ‘Abraham entered the house.’ |
Arabic (Northern Syrian)
fāt
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Aḥmad |
fāt |
əl-bēt |
|
pn
|
enter.
pfv
.3
m
|
def
-house
|
| ‘Ahmad entered the house.’ |
Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth)
f.ā.t
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ala
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ala |
| Locus: Y |
| Shadi |
fāt |
ʿala |
il-bēt |
|
pn
|
enter.
pst
.3
m
.
sg
|
on
|
def
-house
|
| ‘Shadi entered the house.’ |
Arabic (standard)
daḫala
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Badr-un |
daḫala |
l-bayt-a |
|
pn
-
nom
|
enter.
pf
.3
m
|
def
-house-
acc
|
| ‘Badr entered the house.’ |
Archi
-čʼubus
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_IN.LAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: IN.LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| moħommad |
noʟʼ-a-k |
čʼutːe |
|
pn
|
house-
in
-
lat
|
1.enter.
pfv
|
| ‘Muhammad entered the house.’ |
Armenian (Eastern)
mtnel
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
| Locus: Y |
| Petros-ə |
mtav |
tun |
|
pn
[
nom
]-
def
|
enter:
aor
:3
sg
|
house[
nom
]
|
| ‘Petros entered a house.’ |
| Note: The second argument cannot be marked by the dative marker. |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
+avər
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_gu
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: gu |
| Locus: Y |
| brata |
+vər-ra |
gu |
beta |
|
girl(
f
)
|
enter.
pst
-
ls
.3
f
|
in
|
house(
m
)
|
| ‘The girl entered the house.’ |
| Note: Non-Urmi speaker. |
Avar
žaniwe ɬuhine
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| ʕali |
roq’o-w-e |
žani-w-e |
ɬuh-una |
|
pn
|
house.
loc
-
m
-
lat
|
inside-
m
-
lat
|
enter-
ipf
|
| ‘Ali enters the house.’ |
Azerbaijani
girmək
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DATLAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DATLAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Aslan |
ev-ǝ |
gir-di |
|
pn
|
house-
dat
/
lat
|
enter-
pst
(3)
|
| ‘Aslan entered the house.’ |
Bafut
kúû
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_mum
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: mum |
| Locus: Y |
| àmbɛ́ |
à |
kɨ̀ |
kúû |
múm |
ǹdâ |
|
pn
|
sm
|
p
2
|
enter
|
inside
|
house
|
| ‘Ambe entered the house.’ |
Bambara
dòn
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_kono
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: kono |
| Locus: Y |
| Sékù |
dòn-na |
só` |
kɔ́nɔ |
|
pn
|
enter-
pfv
.
intr
|
house\
art
|
into
|
| ‘Seku entered a house.’ |
Bartangi
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ar
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ar |
| Locus: Y |
| Ahmed |
ar |
čod |
indīδ-d |
|
pn
|
down
|
house
|
enter-
pst
|
| ‘Ahmed entered the house.’ |
Belarusian
uvajsci
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_uACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: uACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Alieś |
uvajšo-ŭ |
u |
chat-u |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
come_in(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
|
in
|
house-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Ales entered the house.’ |
Budugh
ʕaç’i
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan |
k'ul-ca |
ʕaç'u-ci |
|
pn
|
house-
loc
|
m
.enter.
pfv
-
prf
|
| ‘Aslan entered the house.’ |
Bulgarian
vlyaza
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_v
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: v |
| Locus: Y |
| Petăr |
vleze |
v |
kăshta-ta |
|
pn
|
come_in(
pfv
).
aor
.3
sg
|
in
|
house-
def
.
f
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar entered the house.’ |
Catalan
entrar
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_a
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: a |
| Locus: Y |
| en |
Pere |
va |
entr-ar |
a |
la |
casa |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
enter-
inf
|
to
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
| ‘Pere entered the house.’ |
| Note: Cf. "en Pere hi va entrar" |
Chechen
AGR-axa
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_DATchu
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: DATchu |
| Locus: Y |
| Islam |
tüka-n-chu |
v-axa-na |
|
pn
.
abs
|
shop-
dat
-inside
|
v
-go-
prf
|
| ‘Islam entered the shop.’ |
Chinese (Mandarin)
jìn
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Zhāngsān |
jìn |
wū |
le |
|
pn
|
enter
|
house
|
pfv
|
| ‘Zhangsan entered the house.’ |
Chirag
b-učːasatːej
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_IN
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: IN |
| Locus: Y |
| qal-l-aˤne |
č'ʷal |
xade |
b-učːa-satː-ag-ur |
|
house-
obl
-
in
|
two
|
woman(
abs
)
|
h
.
pl
-
in
-hither-go:
pf
-
aor
.3
|
| ‘Two women went into the room.’ |
Croatian
ući
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_uACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: uACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Per-o |
je |
uša-o |
u |
kuć-u |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
enter(
pfv
)-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
in
|
house-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Pero entered the house.’ |
Czech
vejít
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_doGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: doGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr |
veše-l |
do |
dom-u |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
enter(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
in
|
house(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr entered the house.’ |
Danish
gå ind
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_i
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: i |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
gik |
ind |
i |
hus-et |
|
pn
|
enter.
pst
|
into
|
in
|
house(
n
)-
def
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter entered the house.’ |
Dargwa (Itsari)
kːʷi-ha-B-uq-anaj
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_IN.LAT
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: IN.LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Islam |
qil |
kːʷi-ha-wq-un |
|
pn
(
abs
)
|
house.
in
(
lat
)
|
inside
-
up
-(
m
)go.
pfv
-
aor
|
| ‘Islam entered the house.’ |
Dargwa (Kadar)
CL-erχ-es / CL-urχ-es
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_IN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: IN |
| Locus: Y |
| meħamad |
qa-j-ze |
0-erχ-un |
|
pn
|
house-
obl
-
in
|
m
-enter.
pfv
-
pret
|
| ‘Muhammad entered the house.’ |
Dargwa (Kaytag)
vaknihaˁna
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INTER
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INTER |
| Locus: Y |
| Petja |
v-aknihaˁʔ-un |
uškul-c:i |
|
pn
|
m
-enter.
pf
-
aor
(3)
|
school.
obl
-
inter
|
| ‘Petja entered the school.’ |
Dargwa (Kubachi)
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOCLAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOCLAT |
| Locus: Y |
| gal |
uškul-le |
w-inha |
w-q-in |
|
boy
|
school-
loc
(
lat
)
|
m
-inside(
lat
)
|
m
-move.
pfv
-3.
aor
|
| ‘The boy entered the school.’ |
Dargwa (Tsudakhar)
hа-b-ac'-iz/ha-b-ic'-iz
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ERG/LOC(LAT)
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ERG/LOC(LAT) |
| Locus: Y |
| uršːi |
uškul-le |
h-ac'-ib |
|
boy
|
school-
erg
/
loc
(
lat
)
|
up
-(
m
)go.
pfv
-
pret
(3)
|
| ‘The boy entered the school.’ |
Dargwa (Tsugni)
b-urkːe ha-b-uq-i / ha-b-ulq-i
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC(LAT)
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC(LAT) |
| Locus: Y |
| durħaˤ |
uškul-le |
urkːe |
ha-wq-un |
|
boy
|
school-
loc
(
lat
)
|
(
m
)inside(
lat
)
|
up-(
m
)move.
pfv
-
pret
(3)
|
| ‘The boy entered the school.’ |
Dutch
binnengehen
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
ging |
het |
huis |
binnen |
|
pn
(С)
|
go.
pst
|
art
.
def
.
n
|
house(
n
)
|
inside
|
| ‘Piet entered the house.’ |
Enets (Forest)
tʃu
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_OBLmi
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBLmi |
| Locus: Y |
| kasa-jʔ |
mɛ-ta |
mi-ʔ |
tʃuɔ |
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
chum-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
inside-
dat
|
enter(
pfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘My friend entered his house’. |
English
enter
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
Estonian
sisenema
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
sisene-s |
majja |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
enter-
pst
.3
sg
|
house.
sg
.
ill
|
| ‘Peeter entered the house.’ |
Finnish
astua
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| Pekka |
astu-i |
talo-on |
|
pn
.
nom
|
enter-
pst
.3
sg
|
house-
ill
|
| ‘Pekka entered the house.’ |
French
entrer
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_dans
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: dans |
| Locus: Y |
| Paul |
est |
entré |
dans |
la |
maison |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
enter.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
inside
|
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house(
f
)
|
| ‘Paul entered the house.’ |
Gascon
entrè
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_dens
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: dens |
| Locus: Y |
| Pau |
entrè |
dens |
l’=ostau |
|
pn
|
enter.
pst
.3
sg
|
inside
|
def
.
sg
.
m
=house
|
| ‘Pau entered the house.’ |
Gban
ylɛ̰̀
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_go
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: go |
| Locus: Y |
| Zá̰ |
ɛ́ |
ylɛ̰̀ |
lȅkɔ́ |
gȍ |
|
pn
|
3
sg
\
pst
|
enter[
pfv
.
hod
]
|
school
|
in
|
| ‘Zan entered the school yard.’ |
Georgian
še-Ø-di-s (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_DAT.INESS/ILLAT
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: DAT.INESS/ILLAT |
| Locus: Y |
| p'et're-Ø |
saxl-ši |
še-Ø-vid-a |
|
pn
-
nom
|
house-
pstp
:
iness
/
illat
|
prv
:inward-
s
3-go.
pst
-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Petre entered the house.’ |
German
hineingehen
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_inACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: inACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Karl |
ging |
in-s |
Haus |
hin-ein |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
go.
pst
.3
sg
|
in-
def
.
n
.
acc
.
sg
|
house[
acc
.
sg
]
|
there.to-inside
|
| ‘Karl entered the house.’ |
Hebrew (modern)
niχnas
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_el
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: el |
| Locus: Y |
| Pinχas |
niχnas |
el |
ha |
bajt |
|
pn
|
enter[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
towards
|
def
|
house
|
| ‘Pinchas entered the house.’ |
Hindi
ghusnā
|
Valency pattern:
DIR_OBLke.andar
|
| X: DIR |
| Y: OBLke.andar |
| Locus: Y |
| Pratīk |
ghar |
ke |
aṁdar |
ghus-ā |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
dir
|
house(
m
).
sg
.
obl
|
adjz
.
m
.
sg
.
obl
|
inside
|
penetrate.
pfv
-
m
.
sg
|
| ‘Prateek got into the house.’ |
Indonesian (standard)
masuk
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ke
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ke |
| Locus: Y |
| Asep |
masuk |
ke |
rumah |
|
pn
|
enter
|
to
|
house
|
| ‘Asep entered the house.’ |
Irish
téigh
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_isteach
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: isteach |
| Locus: Y |
| Chuaigh |
Pól |
isteach |
an |
tigh. |
|
go.
pst
|
pn
|
inside
|
def
|
house.
gs
|
| ‘Pól entered the house.’ |
Italian
entrare
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_in
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: in |
| Locus: Y |
| Leo |
è |
entrat-o |
nella |
cas-a |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
enter.
pst
.
ptcp
-
sg
.
m
|
in.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house-
sg
.
f
|
| ‘Leo entered the house.’ |
Karata
boƛaɬa
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| ʕali |
eši-r |
w-oƛ-e |
|
pn
|
room.
in
-
lat
|
m
-go-
pf
|
| ‘Ali entered the room.’ |
Kazakh
kir
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
üy-ge |
kіr-dі |
|
pn
|
house-
dat
|
enter-
pst
1.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya entered the house.’ |
Khanty (Kazym)
λŏŋti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| pet’a-j-en |
χɔt-a |
λŏŋ-əs |
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
house-
dat
|
enter-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘Petja entered the house.’ |
Khoekhoe
ǂgâ
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_!na
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: !na |
| Locus: Y |
| Petru-b |
ge |
om-s |
ǃnâ |
go |
ǂgâ |
|
pn
-3
m
.
sg
|
decl
|
house-3
f
.
sg
|
in
|
rpst
|
enter
|
| ‘Peter entered the house.’ |
Khwarshi
j/eqʷa
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_IN.DIR
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: IN.DIR |
| Locus: Y |
| šamil |
eq-qa |
idu-ʁol |
|
pn
|
enter-
pst
.
w
|
house.
in
-
dir
|
| ‘Shamil entered the house.’ |
Komi-Permyak
пырны
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| Петя |
пыр-и-с |
керку-ö |
|
pn
|
входить-
prt
-3
|
дом-
ill
|
| ‘Петя вошел в дом.’ |
Komi-Zyrian
pi̮rni̮
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet'a |
pi̮r-i-s |
kerka-e̮ |
|
pn
|
go_in-
pret
-3
|
house-
ill
|
| ‘Petja entered the house.’ |
Kpelle (Guinean)
lɔ́
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_mu
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: mu |
| Locus: Y |
| Pépèe |
àa |
lɔ́ |
bɛ̀lɛ́-í |
ɲɛ́i |
mû |
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
pfv
|
enter
|
def
\house-
art
|
dem
|
under
|
| ‘Pepee entered the house.’ |
Kryz (Alik)
ʕabç'ic
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_IN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: IN |
| Locus: Y |
| terlan |
k'ul-ca |
ʕaç'-id |
|
pn
|
house(
f
)-
obl
.
in
|
go_in.
pfv
-
aor
.
m
|
| ‘Terlan entered the house.’ |
Kryz (Ismayilli)
ʕabç'ic
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INESS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INESS |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan |
k'ul-ca |
ʕaç'-id |
|
pn
|
house-
obl
.
iness
|
enter.
pf
-
aor
.
m
|
| ‘Aslan entered the house.’ |
Kryz (proper)
ʕabç'ic
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INLAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INLAT |
| Locus: Y |
| aslan |
k'ul-can |
ʕaç'-id |
|
pn
|
house-
obl
.
inlat
|
go_in.
pf
-
aor
.
m
|
| ‘Aslan entered the house.’ |
Kumyk
girmek
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| musa |
üj-ge |
gir-d-i |
|
pn
|
house-
dat
|
enter-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘Musa entered the house.’ |
Kurdish (Sorani)
çûne
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ.INTR_le
|
| X: SBJ.INTR |
| Y: le |
| Locus: Y |
| Hîwa |
çûw-Ø-e |
maɫ-eke |
|
pn
|
go.
pst
-3
sg
-to
|
house-
def
|
| ‘Hiwa entered the house.’ |
| Note: The verbal marker "-e" is the result of the “migration” of the preposition "le", cf. "Hîwa le maɫ-eke çûw-Ø". |
Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish)
hundir çûn (intr)
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| zilam |
çû |
hundir-ê |
mal-ê |
|
man
|
go.
pfv
.3
sg
|
inside-
ez
.
m
|
house(
f
)-
obl
.
f
|
| ‘The man went inside the house.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Lak (Quba)
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INLAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INLAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Maħammad |
u<w>χː-und-i |
qːat-lu-bu-n |
|
pn
|
<1>1.enter-
aor
-3
p
|
house-
obl
-
in
-
lat
|
| ‘Mohammad entered the house.’ |
Latin
intro
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| (Ann-a) |
dom-um |
intra-v-it |
Tyri-os |
indut-a |
parat-us |
|
pn
(
f
)-
nom
.
sg
|
house(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
enter-
prf
-
ind
.
act
.3
sg
|
t
yrian-
acc
.
pl
.
m
|
put_on.
prf
.
ptcp
.
pass
-
nom
.
sg
.
f
|
garment(
m
)-
acc
.
pl
|
| ‘(Anna) entered the house, dressed in Tyrian clothes.’ |
| Note: (Ov. Fasti. III, 627) |
Laz
o-xt'-im-u
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Käzim-i |
oxo(r)-i-s |
ama-Ø-xt'-u |
|
pn
-
nom
|
house-
b
-
dat
|
prv
-
s
3-go-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
| ‘Käzim entered the house.’ |
Lezgian (Yargun)
haxhin
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Sahib |
kˈval-i-z |
haxh-na |
|
pn
|
house-
obl
-
dat
|
enter-
aor
|
| ‘Sahib entered the house.’ |
Macedonian
vleze
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_vo
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: vo |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar |
vleze |
vo |
dom-ot |
|
pn
|
come_in(
pfv
).
aor
.3
sg
|
in
|
house(
m
).
sg
-
art
.
m
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar entered the house.’ |
Maltese
daħal
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_fi
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: fi |
| Locus: Y |
| Ġwanni |
daħal |
fid-dar |
|
pn
|
enter.
pf
.
m
.3
sg
|
in.
def
-house
|
| ‘Ġwanni entered the house.’ |
Maninka (Eastern)
dòn
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_la
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: la |
| Locus: Y |
| Sékù |
bára |
dòn |
bón` |
ná. |
|
pn
|
prf
|
enter
|
house\
art
|
at
|
| ‘Seku entered the house.’ |
Mano
wàà
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_LOC
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| kō |
wàà |
kɛ́ì |
|
1
pl
.
pst
|
enter
|
house.
loc
|
| ‘We entered a house.’ |
| Note: LOC is a special form of (some) nouns. It goes back to the postposition "yí" but is not synchronically interchangeable with it. |
Mansi (Northern)
ɕaltəs
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOMkiwern
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: NOMkiwern |
| Locus: Y |
| ōjka |
ɕalt-əs |
kol |
kīwər-n |
|
man
|
enter-
pst
.3
sg
|
house
|
inside-
lat
|
| ‘The man entered the house.’ |
Mehweb
-erχʷes
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_IN.LAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: IN.LAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Pajzula |
qulle-ħe |
w-erχ-ur |
|
pn
|
house.
obl
-
in
(
lat
)
|
m
-walk:
pfv
-
aor
|
| ‘Pajzula entered the house.’ |
Mingrelian
min-Ø-i-l-en-s (FUT)
|
Valency pattern:
ERG_ALL
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ALL |
| Locus: Y |
| čelo-k |
ʔude-ša |
min-Ø-i-l-(u) |
|
pn
-
erg
|
house-
all
|
prv
-
s
3-
ver
:
s
-go-(
s
3
sg
.
pst
)
|
| ‘Chelo entered the house.’ |
Nanai
iigu-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DIR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DIR |
| Locus: Y |
| Petia |
ǯook-či |
ii-gu-xə-ni |
|
pn
|
house-
dir
|
enter-
rep
-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia entered the house.’ |
Nivkh
juɣd
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_DAT/ADD
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DAT/ADD |
| Locus: Y |
| Kaskazik |
taf-tоχ |
j-uɣ-d |
|
pn
|
house-
dat
/
add
|
3
sg
-enter-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskzik entered the house.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å gå inn
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_i
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: i |
| Locus: Y |
| Per |
gikk |
inn |
i |
hus-et |
|
pn
|
go.
pst
|
inside
|
in
|
house-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
| ‘Per entered the house.’ |
Oromo (West Central)
seena
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| obsaa-n |
mana |
seen-e |
|
pn
-
nom
|
house.
abs
|
enter-3
sg
.
m
.
pfv
|
| ‘Obsa entered the house.’ |
Persian
vāred šodan
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| ahmad |
vāred-e |
xāne |
šod |
|
pn
|
entering-
izaf
|
house
|
become.
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Ahmad entered the house.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. |
Polish
wejść
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_doGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: doGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Paweł |
wszed-ł |
do |
dom-u |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
go_in:
pfv
\
pst
.
m
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
at
|
house-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Paweł entered the house.’ |
Portuguese (Brazilian)
entrar
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_em
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: em |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
entr-ou |
em |
casa |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
enter-3
sg
.
pst
|
in
|
house(
f
)
|
| ‘Pedro entered a house.’ |
Romani (Kalderash)
śolpe
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ande
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ande |
| Locus: Y |
| o |
Murš-a |
śu-ť-a-pe |
man-de |
arati |
and-o |
khər |
|
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
enter-
pst
-3
sg
-
refl
|
i
-
loc
|
yesterday
|
in-
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
house.
nom
.
sg
|
| ‘Murša came into my house yesterday.’ |
Romanian
a intra
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_in
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: in |
| Locus: Y |
| Petru |
a |
intrat |
în |
cas-ă |
|
pn
|
aux
.3
sg
|
enter.
pst
.
ptcp
|
in
|
house-
indf
.
dir
|
| ‘Petru entered a house.’ |
Russian
vojti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_vACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: vACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet-ja |
voše-l |
v |
dom |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
enter(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
in
|
house(
m
)[
acc
.
sg
]
|
| ‘Petja entered the house.’ |
Rutul (Kina)
eč’ura
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_IN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: IN |
| Locus: Y |
| rasul |
χal-a |
eč’u-r=a |
|
pn
(
nom
)
|
house-
in
|
pv
.1.enter.
pfv
-
cvb
=be
|
| ‘Rasul entered the house.’ |
Rutul (Mukhad)
aˤč'uˤn
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_IN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: IN |
| Locus: Y |
| murad |
χala |
aˤč'uˤ-ri |
|
pn
|
house.
in
|
(
m
)enter.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Murad entered the house.’ |
Rutul (Myukhrek)
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_IN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: IN |
| Locus: Y |
| mırad |
xal-a |
aç'uˁ-ri |
|
pn
|
house-
in
|
m
.enter.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Murad entered the house.’ |
Rutul (Shin-Borch)
aˤç'uˤn
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_IN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: IN |
| Locus: Y |
| murad |
xal-a |
aˤç'uˤ-r |
|
pn
|
house-
in
|
(
m
)enter.
pf
-
aor
|
| ‘Murad entered the house.’ |
Rutul (Shinaz)
aˁč’uˁ-n
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: NOM(NO.AGR) |
| Locus: Y |
| iz-dı |
duχ |
aˁč’uˁ-r |
mixteb |
|
my-
attr
|
son
|
(
m
)enter.
pf
-
aor
|
school
|
| ‘My son entered the school.’ |
Saami (Skolt)
pueʹtted
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| Peâtt |
puõʹđ-i |
põʹrtt-e |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
come-
pst
.3
sg
|
house-
sg
.
ill
|
| ‘Pete entered the house.’ |
Sagada
biħa
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_SUB.ALL
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: SUB.ALL |
| Locus: Y |
| pejzula |
iħu-n |
reču-ƛ-ʁor |
|
pn
(
i
)
|
(
i
)go-
pst
.
uw
|
barn-
sub
-
all
|
| ‘Peizula entered the barn.’ |
Serbian
ući
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_uACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: uACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Petar |
je |
uša-o |
u |
kuć-u |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
enter-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
in
|
house-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar entered the house.’ |
Shughni
dedow
|
Valency pattern:
NOM.NO.CL_EQ
|
| X: NOM.NO.CL |
| Y: EQ |
| Locus: Y |
| Ahmed |
tar |
čīd |
ded |
|
pn
|
eq
|
house
|
enter.
pst
|
| ‘Ahmed entered the house.’ |
Slovak
vojsť
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_doGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: doGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Peter |
vošie-l |
do |
dom-u |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
enter(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
in
|
house(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter entered the house.’ |
Slovenian
vstopiti
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_vACC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: vACC |
| Locus: Y |
| Pavel |
je |
vstopi-l |
v |
hiš-o |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
enter:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
in
|
house-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Pavel entered the house.’ |
Spanish
entrar
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_en
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: en |
| Locus: Y |
| Pedro |
ha |
entra-do |
en |
la |
casa |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
enter-
ptcp
:
prf
|
in
|
art
.
def
.
sg
.
f
|
house[
sg
.
f
]
|
| ‘Pedro entered the house.’ |
Svan
es-Ø-γr-i (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ALL.INESS
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ALL.INESS |
| Locus: Y |
| maizer-Ø |
kor-te-isga |
aː-Ø-čäd |
|
pn
-
nom
|
house-
all
-
iness
|
prv
:
dist
-
s
3-go
|
| ‘Maizer went into the house.’ |
Swedish
att gå in
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_i
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: i |
| Locus: Y |
| Björn |
gick |
in |
i |
hus-et |
|
pn
|
go.
pst
|
inside
|
in
|
house-
def
.
n
.
sg
|
| ‘Björn entered the house.’ |
| Note: Phrasal verb (in is not a flagging device). |
Tabasaran (Kandyk)
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_IN
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: IN |
| Locus: Y |
| maˁhaˁmad |
χla-ʔ |
uc̊’-nu |
|
pn
(
abs
)
|
house-
in
|
(
h
.
sg
)enter-
pst
|
| ‘Mahamad entered the house.’ |
Tagalog
pumasok
|
Valency pattern:
ACT_PATH
|
| X: ACT |
| Y: PATH |
| Locus: Y |
| p<um>asok |
si |
Pedro |
sa |
bahay |
|
<
av
>
pfv
.enter
|
pers
.
subj
|
pn
|
dat
|
house
|
| ‘Pedro entered the house.’ |
| Note: The Y argument can also be signaled as "pa-loob ng bahay" [DIR-inside GEN house]. |
Telugu
pravēšiṁcu
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOCDAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOCDAT |
| Locus: Y |
| pravīṇ |
iṁṭi-lō-ki |
pravēšiṁcāḍu |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
house(
n
).
sg
.
obl
-
loc
-
dat
|
enter.
pst
.3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Praveen entered the house.’ |
Tsakhur
ič’iy
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_INLAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: INLAT |
| Locus: Y |
| murad |
хaa-qha |
ič’u |
|
pn
|
house.
in
-
lat
|
(
m
)enter.
pf
|
| ‘Murad entered the house.’ |
Tswana
tsena
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_mo
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: mo |
| Locus: Y |
| Ø-noga |
e-tseny-e |
mo |
mo-sime-ng |
|
sg
-snake(9)
|
s
i
:cl9-enter.
prf
-
fv
|
loc
2
|
sg
-hole(3)-
loc
|
| ‘The snake went into the hole.’ |
Turkish
girmek
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Mehmet |
ev-e |
gir-di |
|
pn
|
house-
dat
|
enter-
pst
|
| ‘Mehmet entered the house.’ |
Turoyo
ʕobər
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ.SS_IO
|
| X: SBJ.SS |
| Y: IO |
| Locus: Y |
| Gabriyel |
ʕabər |
l-u |
bayto |
|
pn
|
enter.
pfv
.3
m
|
to-
art
.
m
|
house(
m
)
|
| ‘Gabriyel entered the house’ |
Twi
wura
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_mu
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: mu |
| Locus: Y |
| Kofi |
wura-a |
efie |
no |
mu |
|
pn
|
enter-
pst
|
house
|
def
|
in
|
| ‘Kofi entered the house.’ |
Udi
bayes
|
Valency pattern:
ABS_DAT
|
| X: ABS |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Serojik' |
k'oy-a=ne |
baś-i |
|
pn
|
house-
dat
=3
sg
|
enter-
aor
|
| ‘Serjozhik entered the house.’ |
Udmurt
pi̮ri̮ni̮
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ILL |
| Locus: Y |
| Pet'a |
bibl'iot'eka-je |
pi̮r-iz |
|
pn
.
nom
|
library-
ill
|
enter-
pst
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja entered the library.’ |
Ukrainian
zajty
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_doGEN
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: doGEN |
| Locus: Y |
| Petr-o |
zajšo-v |
do |
xat-y |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
enter(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
to
|
house(
m
)-
gen
.
sg
|
| ‘Petro entered the house.’ |
Ulcha
ī-
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_dooLAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: dooLAT |
| Locus: Y |
| xusə |
piktə |
xagdu |
dō-ti-ni |
ī-xə-ni |
|
male
|
child
|
house
|
inside-
lat
-3
sg
|
enter-
pst
-3
sg
|
| ‘The boy entered the house.’ |
Uzbek
kirmoq
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT |
| Locus: Y |
| Petya |
uy-ga |
kir-yab-ti |
|
pn
|
house-
dat
|
enter-
prs
1-3
sg
|
| ‘Petja entered the house.’ |
Wolof
dugg
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ci
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ci |
| Locus: Y |
| jaan |
j-i |
dugg |
na |
ci |
pax |
m-i |
|
snake(
j
)
|
cl
j
-
def
|
enter
|
prf
.s
i
:3
sg
|
loc
|
hole(
m
)
|
cl
m
-
def
|
| ‘The snake went into the hole.’ |
Yukaghir (Northern)
sǝw=
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_LOC
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: LOC |
| Locus: Y |
| Sǝmiǝn |
nimǝ-ɣа |
sǝg-u-j |
|
pn
|
house-
loc
|
enter-0-
intr
.3
sg
|
| ‘Semien entered the house.’ |
Zazaki
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ.INTR_zere.PREP
|
| X: SBJ.INTR |
| Y: zere.PREP |
| Locus: Y |
| ɛz |
kɛwt-a |
zɛrɛ-je |
kɛjɛ-ji |
|
1
sg
.
abs
|
enter.
pst
-1
sg
|
inside-
ez
.
m
|
house-
m
.
obl
|
| ‘I entered the house.’ |