Indonesian (standard)

Contributed by Polina Nasledskova (Academia.edu profile) and Yury Lander

P.N.'s photo

The data were gathered in 2023 from Eva Widyasari. The Russian version of the questionnaire was used for elicitation.

How to cite

Nasledskova, Polina & Yury Lander. 2025. Bivalent patterns in Indonesian (standard). In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on April 8, 2025; last revised on April 8, 2025.) (Available online at https://bivaltyp.info, Accessed on .)

Basic info

Coordinates: -7.33, 109.72.
Genealogy (as given in WALS). Family: Austronesian, genus: Malayo-Sumbawan.
Macro-area: East and Southeast Asia.

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern

Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain sakit

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE

X: SBJ

Y: BARE

Locus: Y

Ade	sakit	kepala
pn	sick	head
‘Ade has a headache.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

2. have (illness) sakit

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE

X: SBJ

Y: BARE

Locus: Y

Ade	sakit	flu
pn	sick	flu
‘Ade has the flu.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

3. be afraid takut

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Dewi	takut	anjing
pn	be_afraid	dog
‘Dewi is afraid of the dog.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

4. throw me-lempar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	me-lempar	batu
pn	act -throw	stone
‘Abdul threw a stone.’

5. have enough punya cukup

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Ali	punya	cukup	uang
pn	have	enough	money
‘Ali has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a structurally discontinuous combination (predicate + adnominal modifier).

6. resemble mirip

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

Ali	mirip	dengan	Asep
pn	alike	with	pn
‘Ali resembles Asep.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

7. believe percaya

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Ali	percaya	pada	Dewi
pn	believe	for	pn
‘Ali believes Dewi.’

8. take meng-ambil

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	meng-ambil	buku
pn	act -take	book
‘Ahmad took a book.’

9. see me-lihat

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	me-lihat	rumah
pn	act -see	house
‘Abdul sees a house.’

10. influence ber-pengaruh

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

usia	ber-pengaruh	pada	daya	ingat
age	ber -influence	for	strength	remember
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter ber-temu

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

Ali	ber-temu	dengan	Ade
pn	ber -meet	with	pn
‘Ali encountered Ade.’

12. enter masuk

Valency pattern: SBJ_ke

X: SBJ

Y: ke

Locus: Y

Asep	masuk	ke	rumah
pn	enter	to	house
‘Asep entered the house.’

13. win menang

Valency pattern: SBJ_dari

X: SBJ

Y: dari

Locus: Y

Abdul	menang	dari	Ali
pn	win	from	pn
‘Abdul beat Ali.’

14. go out ke-luar

Valency pattern: SBJ_dari

X: SBJ

Y: dari

Locus: Y

Ahmad	ke-luar	dari	rumah
pn	to-outside	from	house
‘Ahmad went out of the house.’

15. drive meng-gembala

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ade	meng-gembala	sapi
pn	act -shepherd	cow
‘Ade is driving the cow.’

16. bend mem-betot

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	mem-betot	dahan
pn	act -pull_out	branch
‘Asep bent the branch.’

17. tell ber-kata

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Ali	ber-kata	pada	Dewi
pn	ber -say	for	pn
‘Ali told Dewi.’

18. hold me-megang

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	me-megang	buku
pn	act -hold	book
‘Abdul is holding a book.’

19. catch up ber-hasil me-ngejar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	ber-hasil	me-ngejar	Siti
pn	ber -success	act -chase	pn
‘Ahmad caught up with Siti.’

20. milk me-merah

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	me-merah	sapi
pn	act -milk	cow
‘Asep milked the cow.’

21. reach ber-hasil men-capai

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	ber-hasil	men-capai	tepian
pn	ber -success	act -reach	shore
‘Ali reached the bank.’

22. touch me-nyentuh

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	me-nyentuh	dinding
pn	act -touch	wall
‘Abdul touched the wall.’

23. fight ber-kelahi

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

Ahmad	ber-kelahi	dengan	Ali
pn	ber -fight	with	pn
‘Ahmad is fighting with Ali.’

24. be friends ber-teman

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

Dewi	ber-teman	dengan	Ade
pn	ber -friend	with	pn
‘Dewi is friends with Ade.’

25. think ber-pikir

Valency pattern: SBJ_tentang

X: SBJ

Y: tentang

Locus: Y

Ahmad	ber-pikir	tentang	Siti
pn	ber -think	about	pn
‘Ahmad is thinking about Siti.’

26. eat makan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	makan	apel
pn	eat	appl e
‘Asep ate an apple.’

27. fry meng-goreng

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	meng-goreng	ikan
pn	act -fry	fish
‘Ali fried the fish.’

28. wait me-nunggu

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Dewi	me-nunggu	Ade
pn	act -wait	pn
‘Dewi is waiting for Ade.’

29. forget lupa

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	lupa	jalan	yang	lain
pn	forget	road	rel	other
‘Abdul forgot about the other road.’

30. depend ingat

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE

X: SBJ

Y: BARE

Locus: Y

daya	ingat	ter-gantung	usia
strength	remember	ter -depend	age
‘Memory depends on age.’
Note: This is a passive construction with an unmarked demoted A.

31. call me-manggil

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	me-manggil	Siti
pn	act -call	pn
‘Ahmad called Siti.’

32. get to know ber-kenal-an

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

Asep	ber-kenal-an	dengan	Dewi	se-tahun	yang	lalu
pn	ber -familiar- nmlz	with	pn	one-year	rel	pass
‘Asep got to know Dewi a year ago.’

33. know me-ngenal

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	me-ngenal	Ade
pn	act -familiar	pn
‘Ali knows Ade.’

34. play (instrument) ber-main

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	ber-main	gitar
pn	ber -play	guitar
‘Abdul is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid meng-hindar

Valency pattern: SBJ_dari

X: SBJ

Y: dari

Locus: Y

Ahmad	meng-hindar	dari	Ade
pn	act -dodge	from	pn
‘Ahmad avoids Menachem.’

36. make mem-per-siap-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	mem-per-siap-kan	jebakan	tikus
pn	act - per -ready- trns	trap	mouse
‘Asep made a mousetrap.’

37. make fun meng-olok-olok

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Siti	meng-olok-olok	Dewi
pn	act -mock~ rpl	pn
‘Siti is making fun of Dewi.’

38. have punya

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	punya	mobil
pn	have	car
‘Ali has a car.’

39. look for men-cari

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	men-cari	kunci
pn	act -search	lock
‘Abdul is looking for the keys.’

40. paint menge-cat

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	menge-cat	pagar
pn	act -paint	fence
‘Ahmad painted the fence.’

41. bite meng-gigit

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

anjing	meng-gigit	Ade
dog	act -bite	pn
‘A dog bit Ade.’

42. forfeit ke-hilang-an

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	ke-hilang-an	rumah
pn	nmlz -vanish- nmlz	house
‘Asep lost his house.’

43. try to catch me-nangkap

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Dewi	me-nangkap	kucing
pn	act -catch	cat
‘Dewi is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break me-matah-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	me-matah-kan	tongkat
pn	act -broken- trns	stick
‘Ali broke a stick.’

45. flatter me-nyanjung

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	me-nyanjung	Siti
pn	act -praise	pn
‘Ahmad is flattering Siti.’

46. love (person) cinta

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Ahmad	cinta	pada	Siti
pn	love	for	pn
‘Ahmad loves Siti.’

47. wave me-lambai-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ade	me-lambai-kan	saputangan
pn	act -wave- trns	handkerchief
‘Ade is waving a handkerchief.’

48. dream me-mimpi-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	me-mimpi-kan	se-buah	mobil	baru
pn	act -dream- trns	one- cl : inan	car	new
‘Abdul is dreaming of a new car.’

49. wash men-cuci

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	men-cuci	cangkir
pn	act -wash	cup
‘Asep washed the cup.’

50. put on me-ngenakan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	me-ngenakan	celana
pn	act -put_on	trousers
‘Ali put on the trousers.’

51. be called nama-

Valency pattern: EXT_BARE

X: EXT

Y: BARE

Locus: XY

benda	ini	nama-nya	kompas
thing	this	name-3 sg	compass
‘This instrument is called a compass.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

52. punish meng-hukum

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	meng-hukum	anak-nya
pn	act -law	child-3 sg
‘Abdul punished his son.’

53. attack me-nyerang

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

beruang	me-nyerang	nelayan
bear	act -attack	fisherman
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) ter-isi

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE

X: SBJ

Y: BARE

Locus: Y

ember	ter-isi	air
bucket	pass -content	water
‘The bucket filled with water.’
Note: This is a passive construction with an unmarked demoted A.

55. find me-nemu-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	me-nemu-kan	kunci
pn	act -find- trns	lock
‘Ahmad found his keys.’

56. be short ke-kurang-an

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	ke-kurang-an	uang	se-ratus	rupiah
pn	nmlz -less- nmlz	money	one-hundred	rupiah
‘Ali is a hundred rupiahs short.’

57. hate mem-benci

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	mem-benci	Ade
pn	act -hate	pn
‘Asep hates Ade.’

58. like suka

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Dewi	suka	kemeja	ini
pn	like	shirt	this
‘Dewi likes this shirt.’

59. need me-merlu-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	me-merlu-kan	uang
pn	act -need- trns	money
‘Abdul needs money.’

60. surround me-ngeliling-i

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

tembok	me-ngeliling-i	kota
wall	act -around- appl	town
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain masih punya sisa

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	masih	punya	sisa	satu	juta	rupiah
pn	still	have	residue	one	million	rupiah
‘Ahmad has a million rupiahs left.’

62. answer men-jawab

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	men-jawab	guru
pn	act -answer	teacher
‘Ali answered the teacher.’

63. open mem-buka

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	mem-buka	toples
pn	act -open	jar
‘Asep opened a can.’

64. be different ber-beda

Valency pattern: SBJ_dari

X: SBJ

Y: dari

Locus: Y

kemeja	saya	ber-beda	dari	kemeja	kamu
shirt	i	ber -difference	from	shirt	you. sg
‘My shirt is different from yours.’

65. fall behind tertinggal

Valency pattern: SBJ_dari

X: SBJ

Y: dari

Locus: Y

Abdul	tertinggal	dari	Ade
pn	fall_behind	from	pn
‘Abdul fell behind Ade.’

66. plough mem-bajak

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	mem-bajak	sawah
pn	act -plough	paddy_field
‘Ahmad is ploughing the field.’

67. smell ber-bau

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

tangan	saya	ber-bau	bensin
hand	i	ber -smell	gasoline
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

68. cross me-nyeberang-i

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	me-nyeberang-i	jalan
pn	act -other_side- appl	road
‘Asep crossed the road.’

69. sing me-nyanyi-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	me-nyanyi-kan	se-buah	lagu	yang	indah
pn	act -sing- trns	one- cl : inan	song	rel	beautiful
‘Ali sang a beautiful song.’

70. write me-nulis

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	me-nulis	surat
pn	act -write	letter
‘Abdul wrote a letter.’

71. drink me-minum

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	me-minum	susu
pn	act -drink	milk
‘Ahmad drank the milk.’

72. melt me-lebur

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	me-lebur	se-potong	timah
pn	act -melt	one-piece	tin
‘Asep melted a piece of lead.’

73. match cocok

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

ikat	pinggang	ini	cocok	dengan	gaun	saya
rope	waist	this	match	with	dress	i
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

74. leave me-ninggal-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	me-ninggal-kan	kota	ke-lahir-an-nya
pn	act -leave- trns	town	nmlz -born- nmlz -3 sg
‘Ali left his native city.’

75. cover me-lapisi

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

karpet	me-lapisi	seluruh	lantai
carpet	act -cover	all	floor
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember meng-ingat

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	meng-ingat	rumah-nya	dengan	baik
pn	act -remember	house-3 sg	with	good
‘Pinchas remembers the house well.’

77. help mem-bantu

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Siti	mem-bantu	Dewi
pn	act -help	pn
‘Siti helped Menachem.’

78. understand (language) me-maham-i

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	me-maham-i	bahasa	Prancis
pn	act -understand- appl	language	f rance
‘Ahmad understands French.’

79. hit (target) me-nyambar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

petir	me-nyambar	rumah
bolt	act -strike	house
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself ter-gores

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE

X: SBJ

Y: BARE

Locus: Y

Asep	tidak	sengaja	ter-gores	alat	cukur
pn	neg	purposely	pass -scratch	tool	shave
‘Asep cut himself with a razor.’
Note: This is a passive construction with an unmarked demoted A.

81. get stuck me-nempel

Valency pattern: SBJ_di

X: SBJ

Y: di

Locus: Y

gelas	me-nempel	di	meja
glass	act -stick	loc	table
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) kalah

Valency pattern: SBJ_dari

X: SBJ

Y: dari

Locus: Y

Abdul	kalah	dari	Ade
pn	lose	from	pn
‘Abdul lost to Ade.’

83. be glad gembira

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

Ahmad	gembira	dengan	surat	itu
pn	happy	with	letter	that
‘Ahmad was glad about the letter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

84. speak ber-cakap-cakap

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

Dewi	ber-cakap-cakap	dengan	Ade
pn	ber -talk~ rpl	with	pn
‘Dewi is speaking with Ade.’

85. give birth me-lahir-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Siti	me-lahir-kan	anak	laki-laki
pn	act -born- trns	child	male~ rpl
‘Siti gave birth to a son.’

86. drop men-jatuh-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	men-jatuh-kan	gelas
pn	act -fall- trns	glass
‘Asep dropped the glass.’

87. govern me-mimpin

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	me-mimpin	desa	kami
pn	act -lead	village	we. excl
‘Ali runs our town.’

88. miss rindu

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Ahmad	rindu	pada	Siti
pn	yearn	for	pn
‘Ahmad misses Siti.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

89. follow me-ngikut-i

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	me-ngikut-i	Ade
pn	act -join- appl	pn
‘Abdul follows Ade.’

90. dismount turun

Valency pattern: SBJ_dari

X: SBJ

Y: dari

Locus: Y

Asep	turun	dari	kuda
pn	descend	from	horse
‘Asep got down from the horse.’

91. listen men-dengar-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	men-dengar-kan	radio
pn	act -listen- trns	radio
‘Ali is listening to radio.’

92. obey patuh

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Ade	patuh	pada	ibu
pn	obedient	for	mother
‘Ade always listens to his mother.’

93. hear men-dengar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	men-dengar	musik
pn	act -listen	music
‘Ahmad hears the music.’

94. mix ber-campur

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

madu	ber-campur	dengan	susu
honey	ber -mixed	with	milk
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look me-mandang-i

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	me-mandang-i	awan
pn	act -look- appl	cloud
‘Asep is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off me-lepas-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	me-lepas-kan	kemeja-nya
pn	act -free- trns	shirt-3 sg
‘Ali took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) ber-mimpi

Valency pattern: SBJ_tentang

X: SBJ

Y: tentang

Locus: Y

Ahmad	ber-mimpi	tentang	Siti
pn	ber -dream	about	pn
‘Ahmad dreams about Miriam.’

98. agree setuju

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

Ahmad	setuju	dengan	Siti
pn	agree	with	pn
‘Ahmad agreed with Siti.’

99. have a quarrel ber-tengkar

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

Abdul	ber-tengkar	dengan	Ade
pn	ber -quarrel	with	pn
‘Abdul had a quarrel with Ade.’

100. cost harga-

Valency pattern: EXT_BARE

X: EXT

Y: BARE

Locus: XY

cangkir	ini	harga-nya	seratus	rupiah
cup	this	cost-3 sg	one_hundred	rupiah
‘This cup costs one hundred rupiahs.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

101. shoot at me-nembak

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	me-nembak	burung
pn	act -shoot	bird
‘Asep shot at the bird.’

102. pour me-nuang-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	me-nuang-kan	gula
pn	act -pour- trns	sugar
‘Ali poured the sugar.’

103. lose ke-hilang-an

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	ke-hilang-an	kunci
pn	nmlz -lost- nmlz	lock
‘Abdul lost his keys.’

104. sink tenggelam

Valency pattern: SBJ_di.dalam

X: SBJ

Y: di.dalam

Locus: Y

batang	kayu	tenggelam	di	dalam	air
trunk	wood	drown	loc	inside	water
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill mem-bunuh

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	mem-bunuh	Ade
pn	act -kill	pn
‘Ahmad killed Ade.’

106. hit me-mukul

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	me-mukul	Ali
pn	act -strike	pn
‘Asep hit Ali.’

107. kiss men-cium

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ahmad	men-cium	Siti
pn	act -kiss	pn
‘Ahmad kissed Siti.’

108. read mem-baca

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	mem-baca	buku	yang	menarik
pn	act -read	book	rel	interesting
‘Abdul read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) meng-goyang-kan

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	meng-goyang-kan	jari-jari-nya
pn	act -shaky- trns	finger~ pl -3 sg
‘Asep moved his finger.’

110. respect hormat

Valency pattern: SBJ_kepada

X: SBJ

Y: kepada

Locus: Y

Ali	hormat	kepada	Dewi
pn	respect	for2	pn
‘Ali respects Dewi.’

111. be squeamish me-rasa jijik

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Ade	me-rasa	jijik	pada	piring-piring	kotor
pn	act -feel	disgusting	for	dish~ pl	dirty
‘Ade is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content me-rasa puas

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

Ahmad	me-rasa	puas	dengan	putra-nya
pn	act -feel	satisfied	with	son-3 sg
‘Ahmad is satisfied with his son.’

113. fall in love jatuh cinta

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Ahmad	jatuh	cinta	pada	Siti
pn	fall	love	for	pn
‘Ahmad fell in love with Siti.’

114. trust percaya

Valency pattern: SBJ_kepada

X: SBJ

Y: kepada

Locus: Y

Ahmad	percaya	kepada	Siti
pn	believe	for2	pn
‘Ahmad trusts Siti.’

115. sympathise kasih-an

Valency pattern: SBJ_kepada

X: SBJ

Y: kepada

Locus: Y

Abdul	kasih-an	kepada	ibu-nya
pn	pity- nmlz	for2	mother-3 sg
‘Abdul sympathises with his mother.’

116. envy iri

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Ade	iri	pada	Ali
pn	jealous	for	pn
‘Ade envies Ali.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

117. be angry marah

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Asep	marah	pada	Dewi
pn	angry	for	pn
‘Asep is angry with Dewi.’

118. be surprised ter-kejut

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

Ahmad	ter-kejut	dengan	hadiah	ini
pn	pass -shocked	with	gift	this
‘Ahmad was surprised at this gift.’
Note: This is a passive construction.

119. love (tea) suka

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	sangat	suka	the
pn	very	like	tea
‘Abdul loves tea.’

120. enjoy me-nikmat-i

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Ali	me-nikmat-i	teh	panas
pn	act -pleasure- appl	tea	hot
‘Ali enjoys hot tea.’

121. want ingin

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Dewi	ingin	ponsel	baru
pn	want	cellphone	new
‘Dewi wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge marah

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Ahmad	marah	pada	Ade
pn	angry	for	pn
‘Ahmad holds a grudge against Ade.’

123. take offence ter-singgung

Valency pattern: SBJ_oleh

X: SBJ

Y: oleh

Locus: Y

Abdul	ter-singgung	oleh	Dewi
pn	pass -hurt	by	pn
‘Abdul took offence at Dewi.’
Note: This is a passive construction.

124. upset mem-buat jengkel

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Asep	mem-buat	Dewi	sangat	jengkel
pn	act -do	pn	very	angry
‘Asep greatly upset Dewi.’

125. marvel ter-kagum-kagum

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Ali	ter-kagum-kagum	pada	kota	ini
pn	suplat -amazed~ rpl	for	town	this
‘Ali was impressed by this town.’

126. despise men-cemooh

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Ahmad	men-cemooh	Ade
pn	act -insult	pn
‘Ahmad despises Ade.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

127. get upset jengkel

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Abdul	jengkel	gara-gara	putra-nya
pn	angry	misfortune~ rpl	son-3 sg
‘Abdul got upset with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

128. get irritated marah

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Asep	lagi-lagi	marah	pada	putri-nya
pn	still~ rpl	angry	for	daughter-3 sg
‘Asep is getting irritated with his daughter again.’

129. be fond ber-simpati

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada

X: SBJ

Y: pada

Locus: Y

Ahmad	ber-simpati	pada	Siti
pn	ber -sympathy	for	pn
‘Ahmad is fond of Siti.’

130. be shy me-rasa minder

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan

X: SBJ

Y: dengan

Locus: Y

Ali	me-rasa	minder	dengan	tinggi	badan-nya
pn	act -feel	inferior	with	tall	body-3 sg
‘Ali is embarrassed about his height.’