BivalTyp

‘cost’

Argument frame: X (cost) Y
Stimulus sentence: This cup costs 1 euro .
Predicate label Ru: стоить
Argument frame Ru: X (стоить) Y (один доллар)
Stimulus sentence Ru: Эта чашка] стоит [один доллар .

Abaza χʷə

Valency pattern: IO_ABS
X: IO
Y: ABS
Locus: X
arjə́ ápχ’aga som-ŝ-ḳ j-a-χʷ-ṗ
prox def +book rouble-hundred- unit 3 sg . n . abs -3 sg . n . io -price- npst . dcl
‘This book costs one hundred roubles.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Adyghe (West Circassian) wase

Valency pattern: INAL.POSS_ABS
X: INAL.POSS
Y: ABS
Locus: X
mə čʼaške-m som-jə-ŝe ə-was
this cup- obl rouble‑ lnk -hundred 3 sg . pr -price
‘This cup costs one hundred roubles.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Aghul q’imat + COP

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: GEN
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
me qːab.u-n q’imat ic’u manat e
demm dishes- gen price 10 ruble cop
‘This cup costs ten rubles.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Akhvakh (Northern) baha bik’uruƛa

Valency pattern: POSS_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: POSS
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
ha ššet’o-ƛƛi baha če dollare
this cup- gen price one dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Andi (Zilo) baha

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ho-no-b kuruʃku-tɬi baha oziru-ɡu som
dem - emph - inan 1 cup. obl - gen price[ inan 1][ nom ] thousand- card rouble
‘This cup costs a thousand roubles.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi) kān

Valency pattern: SBJ_b
X: SBJ
Y: b
Locus: Y
hāḏa lǝ-gḷāṣ b-yūro wēḥǝd
this. m art -glass in-euro one
‘This glass costs one euro.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Arabic (Northern Syrian) hagg + COP

Valency pattern: EXT_BARE
X: EXT
Y: BARE
Locus: XY
əl-fənǧān ḥagg-u euro wāḥəd
def -cup( m ) price- poss .3 m euro one
‘The cup costs one euro.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth) k.l.f

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
hād il-finǧān bikallef dolar
this def -cup cost. prs .3 m . sg dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Arabic (standard) siʕr-u kāna

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
siʕr-u l-finǧān-i dūlār-u-n wāḥid-u-n
price( m )- nom def -cup( m )- gen dollar( m )- nom - indef one( m )- nom - indef
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predicate.

Archi -i

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP
X: NOM
Y: SUP
Locus: Y
ja-t gruška os dollal-li-t i
this-4 mug one dollar- obl - sup 4.be
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Armenian (Eastern) aržel

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
ays bažak-n arže mek dollar
this cup[ nom ]- def cost: prs :3 sg one dollar[ nom ]
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +dakər

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
+sudra +dakr-a əmma +manət
shirt( f ) cost. prs - ss .3 f hundred rouble( m )
‘This shirt costs one hundred roubles.’

Avar baha buk’ine

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: GEN
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
hab čaška-jaɬ-ul baha co dollar b-ugo
this. n cup- obl - gen price one dollar n - cop
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Azerbaijani COP

Valency pattern: NOM_DATLAT
X: NOM
Y: DATLAT
Locus: Y
bu fincan bir dollar-a-dır
this cup one dollar- dat / lat - cop 3
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal (copular) predicate.

Bafut bə̀

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE
X: SBJ
Y: BARE
Locus: Y
ndɔ́ŋ jú ᵼ̀ bə̀ ŋ̀kɣᵼ̀ jìmfùrᵼ̀
cup this sm be hundred one
‘This cup costs one hundred.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate

Bambara yé/tɛ́

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
shɛ̀` sɔ̀ngɔ` yé kɛ̀mɛ náani yé
chicken\ art price\ art equ hundred four as
‘The price of a chicken is 2000 francs (= 400 times 5 francs).’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predicate.

Bartangi

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
mim čīnī narx δaw som
d 1. f . sg . o cup price two somoni
‘Price of this cup is two somoni.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Belarusian kaštavać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
hety kubak kaštu-je adzin daliar
this. nom . sg . m cup[ nom . sg ] cost( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one[ acc . sg . m ] dollar[ acc . sg ]
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Budugh yıxhar

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
ulu suk'ra suncu dullar-ca vi
prox vessel( a ) one. obl dollar- loc cop
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Bulgarian struvam

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
tazi chasha struva edin dolar
this. f . sg glass cost( ipfv ). prs .3 sg one dollar
‘This glass costs one dollar.’

Catalan costar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
aquest-a tassa cost-a un euro
this- sg . f cup( f ) cost-3 sg . prs . ind indf . sg . m euro( m )
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

Chechen maax AGR-u

Valency pattern: GEN_ABS(NO.AGR)
X: GEN
Y: ABS(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
hoqu kad-an chwa dollar maax b-u
dem pot- gen one dollar. abs price. abs b -be. prs
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Chinese (Mandarin) yào huā

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
zhè-ge bēizi yào huā shí-kuài qián
this- clf cup need cost ten- clf money
‘This cup costs ten yuan.’

Chirag ze

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER
X: NOM
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
kila ʁa̰b-a-la ʡa̰bc’ale qːuruš-l-i ze
kilo( abs ) potato- pl - gen thirty ruble- obl - super cop . prs .3
‘One kilo of potatoes costs thirty rubles.’

Croatian koštati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
t-a šalic-a košta jedn-u kun-u
this- nom . sg . f cup- nom . sg cost( ipfv ). prs .3 sg one- acc . sg . f kuna- acc . sg
‘This cup costs one kuna.’
Note: Unlike canonical transitive verbs, this verb cannot be used with pronominal objects in the accusative case.

Czech stát

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ta sklenic-e stojí jeden dolar
this. f . nom . sg glass( f )- nom . sg cost( ipfv ). prs .3 sg one[ m . acc . sg ] dollar( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘This glass costs one dollar.’

Danish koste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kopp-en koste-r en euro
cup( c )- def . sg cost- prs one euro( c )
‘The cup costs 1 euro.’

Dargwa (Itsari) ca-B

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER.LAT
X: ABS
Y: SUPER.LAT
Locus: Y
hejž baʁdaʁ ca dollar-ri-j ca-b
this( abs ) cup( abs ) one dollar- obl - super ( lat ) cop - n
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. Non-trivial citation form.

Dargwa (Kadar) CL-uk'-as (IPFV)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: DAT
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
iš šaška-li-s ca dollar b-uk'-ar
this cup- obl - dat one dollar hpl -say. ipfv - th
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Transimpersonal construction.

Dargwa (Kaytag) bik’vara

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
hel č:aˁška ca dоllar b-ik’-ul=ca
dem cup one dollar n -say- prog . cvb = cop (3)
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Dargwa (Kubachi)

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
kːilu kartupːal-la ʁa qːuruš-l-i=sab
kilo potato. pl - gen twenty money- obl - dat = cop . n (3)
‘A kilogram of potatoes costs twenty rubles.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Dargwa (Tsudakhar) ha-b-eʁ-iz

Valency pattern: NOM_ERG/LOC(LAT)
X: NOM
Y: ERG/LOC(LAT)
Locus: Y
ca kila kartoška-la ʁal qːuruš-le ha-b-eʁ-ib
one kilo potato- gen twenty ruble- erg / loc ( lat ) up - n -reach. pfv - pret (3)
‘One kilo of potatoes costs twenty roubles.’

Dargwa (Tsugni) COP

Valency pattern: NOM_ERG
X: NOM
Y: ERG
Locus: Y
ʡuba-la killa ʁajal qːuruš-li=cab=de
potato. pl . obl - gen kilo twenty ruble- erg = cop : n (3)= pst
‘One kilo of potatoes costs twenty roubles.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Dutch kosten

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
deze kopje kost één dollar
dem . n . sg cup( n ) cost.3 sg one dollar( c )
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Enets (Forest) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ɛke tʃaʃka mirzo-za dʲuʔ bɛse
this cup price- nom . sg .3 sg hundred iron
‘The price of this cup is one hundred roubles’.
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as a non-verbal predicate.

English cost

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
This cup costs 1 euro.

Estonian maksma

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
see tops maksa-b ühe euro
dem . sg . nom cup. sg . nom cost- prs .3 sg one. sg . gen euro. sg . gen
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

Finnish maksaa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
tämä kuppi maks-aa yhden euro-n
this. nom cup. nom cost- prs .3 sg one. gen euro- gen
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

French coûter

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
cette tasse coûte un dollar
def . sg . f cup( f ) cost. prs .3 sg indf . sg . m dollar( m )
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Gascon còsta

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
aquera tassa còsta un dòlar
def . sg . f cup cost. prs .3 sg indf . sg . m dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Gban yè

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE
X: SBJ
Y: BARE
Locus: Y
vɛ́lȅ nɛ̰̀yë ‶ yȅȅ vȕ fɛ̰̋ḭ̋
glass this 3 sg ipfv \be ten two
‘This glass costs a hundred francs.’

Georgian Ø-γir-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
es č'ika-Ø ert-i dolar-i Ø-γir-s
dem . prox _ nom glass- nom one- nom dollar- nom s 3-cost- s 3 sg
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Due to its argument alignment properties, this verb is often treated among copulas.

German kosten

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
die Tasse koste-t ein-en Euro
def . f . nom . sg cup[ nom . sg ] cost- prs . sg one- m . acc . sg euro[ acc . sg ]
‘The cup costs 1 euro.’

Hebrew (modern) ol-a

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ha kos ha z-ot ol-a juro
def cup def this[ sg ]- f cost[ ptcp ]- sg . f euro
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

Hindi kīmat honā

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
is pyāli kī kīmat ek yūro hɛ
this. obl teacup( f ). sg . obl adjz . f price( f ). sg . dir one euro( m ). sg . dir be. prs .3 sg
‘This teacup's price is one euro.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Indonesian (standard) harga-

Valency pattern: EXT_BARE
X: EXT
Y: BARE
Locus: XY
cangkir ini harga-nya seratus rupiah
cup this cost-3 sg one_hundred rupiah
‘This cup costs one hundred rupiahs.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Irish cosain

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Chosain an cupa=sa euro amhaín
pst /cost def cup= dem euro one
‘This cup costs one euro.’

Italian costare

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE
X: SBJ
Y: BARE
Locus: Y
la tazz-a cost-a un dollar-o
def . sg . f cup- sg . f cost-3 sg . prs indf . sg . m dollar- sg . m
‘The cup costs a dollar.’

Karata baha bik’waɬa

Valency pattern: POSS_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: POSS
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
ha-b kuruška-ƛ baha ceb dollar idja
this- n mug- gen price one. n dollar cop
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: The possessor NP displays some properties of a clause-level dependent.

Kazakh tur

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Bul kese bіr dollar tur-adï
this cup one dollar cost- prs 2.3 sg
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Khanty (Kazym) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
tǎm an-en tǝn-λ sɔt šɔjǝt
this cup- poss .2 sg price- poss .3 sg hundred rouble
‘This cup costs 100 roubles.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Khoekhoe ǂgan

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
nē ǁhoe-s ge ǀgui euro-b-a ra ǂgan
t his cup-3 f . sg decl one euro-3 m . sg - obl ipfv cost
‘This cup costs one euro.’

Khwarshi baha

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
cĩjo-s baha q'uni ʁuruš
salt( iv )- gen 1 price two rouble( v )
‘The price of salt is two roubles.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Komi-Permyak сувавны

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
эта бекöр сував-ö öтiк доллар
этот чашка стоить- prs .3 один доллар
‘Эта чашка стоит один доллар.’

Komi-Zyrian sulavni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
taje̮ č́aška-i̮s sulal-e̮ et'i dollar
this cup- p .3 sg cost- prs .3 one dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Unlike other transitive verbs, this verb’s Y argument is never marked accusative, due to its typically non-referential status.

Kpelle (Guinean) káa

Valency pattern: SBJ_a
X: SBJ
Y: a
Locus: Y
gwíi kpɔ̀lu hàaɓa káa à wáa tɔ́nɔ̂
banana red three be with thousand one
‘Three bananas cost one thousand.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kryz (Alik) xhiyic

Valency pattern: NOM_EQU
X: NOM
Y: EQU
Locus: Y
lu çeşka sunci dullar-ci-ğan-yu
this cup( f ) one. attr . obl dollar- obl - equ - prs . f
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kryz (Ismayilli) yo

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
lu guruşxa siy dollar-ci-c e
this cup one. obl dollar- obl . gen - n cop . n
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kryz (proper) yü

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
li suk'ra sinci dullar-ci-d ü
this pitcher( f ) one. obl dollar- gen - attr . f cop . f
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kumyk toqtamaq

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
bu čaška bir dollar toqta-j
bu cup( r ) one dollar( r ) stop-3 sg
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Kurdish (Sorani) bûn

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_be
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: be
Locus: Y
ew fincan-e be yek yoro-ye
this cup- dem to one euro-be. prs .3 sg
‘This cup costs one euro.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) bûn (intr)

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_biOBL
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: biOBL
Locus: Y
fincan bi yek euro ye
cup( f ) with one euro cop .3 sg
‘The cup costs one euro.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Lak (Quba)

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
wa bušqːap-ra-l baha ca dollar-di
this dish- obl - gen price one dollar[ ru ]- prs .3 p
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Latin consto

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
VI mil-ibus D tibi consta-re-nt ea
6 thousand( n )- abl . pl 500 you. dat cost- ipfv . sbjv - act .3 pl this. nom . pl . n
‘This would cost you 6500.’
Note: (Cic. In Verrem. 4, 1, 28)

Laz o-r-in-u

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ham šuše-Ø ar li(r)a-z Ø-[r]-en-Ø
dem . prox glass- nom one l ira- dat s 3-[be]- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘This glass costs one Lira.’

Lezgian (Yargun) ya = COP

Valency pattern: NOM_SUB/POST
X: NOM
Y: SUB/POST
Locus: Y
in çașkka sa dollar-di-k ya
this cup one dollar- obl - sub / post cop
‎‎‎‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Macedonian čini

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ovaa čaša čini četirieset rublji
dem _ prox . f . sg glass( f ). sg cost( ipfv ). prs .3 sg forty rouble. pl
‘This glass costs forty roubles.’

Maltese sewa

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
din it-tazza tiswi ewro wieħed
prox def -cup cost. ipf . f .3 sg euro num
‘This cup costs one euro.’

Maninka (Eastern) yé/tɛ́

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Mánkoro sàba sɔ̀nkɔ` yé wáa kélen.
mango three price\ art be thousand one
‘Three mangos cost 1000 francs.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predication.

Mano kɛ̄

Valency pattern: SBJ_ka
X: SBJ
Y: ka
Locus: Y
ɓū ē kɛ̄ wáá sɔ́ɔ́lī ká
rice 3 sg . pst be thousand five with
‘The rice costs 5 thousand (francs).’

Mansi (Northern) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Mehweb baha le-

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
heš ʁadar-la baha=gʷa ca dоllar
this dish- gen price= ptcl one dоllar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Mingrelian Ø-γir-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
te č'irka-Ø art lar-(i) Ø-γir-u(n)-Ø
dem . prox glass- nom one l ari-( nom ) s 3-cost- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘This cup cost one Lari.’
Note: This verb phrase is likely to be a recent borrowing from Georgian.

Nanai sali-

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
əj aleo əm tiəsə sali-ni
this tableware one rouble cost. npst - p .3 sg
‘This cup costs 1 rouble.’

Nivkh erʁad

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
tu + ŋirŋ ɲaqr̥ cʰχa e-rʁa-d
dem . prox + cup one rouble 3 sg -cost- ind
‘This cup costs 1 rouble.’

Norwegian Bokmål å koste

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
denne kopp-en koste-r en dollar
this. m . sg cup- def . m . sg cost- prs one. m dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Oromo (West Central) baasa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
waantʃ'aa-n kun birrii tokko baas-a
cup- nom this. nom birr one. abs cost-3 sg . m . pfv
‘This cup costs one birr.’

Persian arzīdan

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
īn fenjān yek yūrō mī-arz-ad
this. di cup one euro cont -cost. prs -3 sg
‘This cup costs one euro.’

Polish kosztować

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ta filiżank-a kosztuje jeden dolar
this. f . nom . sg cup- nom . sg cost: ipfv . prs .3 sg one[ m . acc . sg ] dollar[ acc . sg ]
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Portuguese (Brazilian) custar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
ess-a xícar-a cust-a um dólar
dem . med - f cup( f ) cost-3 sg . prs indf dollar( m )
‘This cup costs a dollar.’

Romani (Kalderash) kərəl

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
kaď-a kuć-i kərə-l jekh řubl-a
this- f . dir . sg cup- nom . sg cost- prs .3 sg one rouble- nom . sg
‘This cup costs one rouble.’

Romanian a costa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ceașc-a asta costă un dolar
cup- def . dir this. f cost. prs .3 sg one dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Russian stoitʹ

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
èt-a čašk-a sto-it odin dollar
this- f . nom . sg cup( f )- nom . sg cost( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one[ m . acc . sg ] dollar( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’

Rutul (Kina) wiɁi

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
mi istek’an sa manut-a-s w-iɁi
this cup( nom ) one rouble- obl - dat 3- cop
‘This cup costs 1 rouble.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Rutul (Mukhad) q'imet viʔi

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: GEN
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
mi čaška-did q'imet viʔi sa manut
prox cup- nh . gen price( a ) a . cop one manat
‘This cup costs 1 rouble.’
Note: The structure is tentatively classified as involving a clause-level genitive (by analogy with other languages). To be checked. Non-verbal predicate.

Rutul (Myukhrek)

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
hemi çaşka-dı q'iymet sa manut vi
very. prox cup- attr price one manat( a ) a . cop
‘This cup costs one manat.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Rutul (Shin-Borch) q'iymet yişin

Valency pattern: ATTR_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: ATTR
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
kubok-a-dı q'iymet sa manat i
cup- obl - attr price( a ) one manat ( n ) cop
‘This cup costs one manat.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. The copula agrees with "one manat".

Rutul (Shinaz) q'emet vɨʔɨ-n

Valency pattern: ATTR_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: ATTR
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: XY
hemi-d čaškɨje-d q'emet v-iʔi sa dollar
this- attr cup. obl - attr price a - cop one dollar( a )
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Saami (Skolt) mäʹhssed

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
tät kopp mähss õhtt euʹrr
prox . sg . nom cup. sg . nom cost. prs .3 sg one. nom euro. nom
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

Sagada joƚ

Valency pattern: GEN1_ABS
X: GEN1
Y: ABS
Locus: X
ehew šit’u-s joƚ sis dollar
this cup- gen 1 cop one dollar
‘This cup is one dollar worth.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Serbian koštati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ta šolj-a košta jedan dolar
this. nom . sg . f cup- nom . sg cost. prs .3 sg one. acc . sg . m dollar. acc . sg
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Shughni vidow

Valency pattern: NOM.NO.CL_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM.NO.CL
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
yid garδā aray som
d 2. sg bread three somoni
‘This bread costs three somoni.’

Slovak stáť

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Hrnček stojí jedn-o eur-o
cup( m )[ nom . sg ] cost( ipfv ). prs .3 sg one- n . acc . sg euro( n )- acc . sg
‘This glass costs one euro.’

Slovenian stati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ta skodelic-a stane en-o kron-o
this. nom . sg . f cup- nom . sg cost: ipfv . prs .3 sg one- acc . sg . f crown- acc . sg
‘This cup costs one crown.’

Spanish costar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
est-a taza cuest-a un dólar
this- sg . f cup[ sg . f ] cost- prs .3 sg art . ndef . sg . m dollar[ sg . m ]
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Svan x-a-ǯeš (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
al č'ik-Ø ešxu lar-Ø x-a-ǯeš
dem . prox cup- nom one l ari- nom io 3- ver : sup -resemble
‘This cup costs one Lari.’

Swedish att kosta

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
den här kopp-en kosta-r 1 euro
def . c . sg here cup- def . c . sg cost- prs one euro
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’

Tabasaran (Kandyk)

Valency pattern: ABS_ABS(NO.AGR)
X: ABS
Y: ABS(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
hamu mašin q’ub milion vu
emph -3. p car( abs ) two million cop ( prs )
‘This car costs two million (rubles)’.
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Tagalog magkahalaga

Valency pattern: ACT_LIN
X: ACT
Y: LIN
Locus: Y
nag-ka~ka-halaga ng piso ito-ng baso
av - com ~ ipfv -cost lin peso 3. sg . subj - lin cup
‘This cup costs one peso.’
Note: The DAT encoding of the Y-argument is also possible.

Telugu dhara + COP

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ī kappu dhara oka yūro
dem . prox cup( n ). sg . obl price( n ). sg . nom one euro( n ). sg . nom
‘This cup costs 1 euro.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Tsakhur dagariyхhay

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
hayni guruška-yn dagariy sa manat vo-b
med . obl cup- n value one manat( a ) cop - a
‘This cup costs one manat.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Tswana ja

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Ø-tshupanako ya-gago e-j-a bokae
sg -watch(9) cl9-2 sg . pro s i :cl9-cost- fv how.much
‘How much did your watch cost?’

Turkish etmek

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
bu bardak bir lira ed-iyor
this glass one lira make- prs
‘This glass costs one lira.’

Turoyo ṭim- + COP

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
u koso u ṭim-ayḏe waraqto yo
art . m cup( m ) art . m price- p .3 m banknote( f ) cop .3 sg
‘The price of the cup is one (euro).’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Twi yε

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
saa kuruwa yi yε baako euro
this cup def be/do one euro
‘This cup costs one euro.’

Udi toy

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
me çaşk'-in toy sa dollar=e
dem cup- gen price one dollar=3 sg
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predicate.

Udmurt si̮li̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
ta čaša 100 mańet si̮le
this cup. nom 100 coin. nom cost. prs .3 sg
‘This cup costs 100 rubles.’

Ukrainian koštuvaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
c’-a čašk-a koštuj-e odyn dolar
this- f . nom . sg cup( f )- nom . sg cost( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one[ m . acc . sg ] dollar( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

Ulcha bi-

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
əj mewti um taŋgu-du bī-ni
this gun one hundred- dat be. prs -3 sg
‘This gun costs a hundred (roubles).’

Uzbek turmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
bu čaška bir dollar tur-a-di
this cup one dollar stand- prs 2-3 sg
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’

Wolof jar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBJ
Locus: TR
ñaata la sa montar b-i jar
how.much f oc o / x .s i :3 sg poss :2 sg watch( b ) cl b - def cost
‘How much did your watch cost?’

Yukaghir (Northern) ŋol=

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
tu-ŋ suskǝ wаlˈǝ-gi mа̄rhа-n solkuobаj
prxm - at cup price- poss .3 one- gen rouble
‘This cup costs one rouble.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Zazaki

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ.TR
Y: DO
Locus: TR
na bardaɣə ʒu juro kɛ-n-a
this. f . abs glass one euro make. prs - aug -3 sg . f
‘This glass costs one Euro.’