BivalTyp

Latin

Contributed by Inna Popova (Academia.edu profile)

I.P.'s photo

The data were gathered by Inna Popova in 2017-2021 using the PHI 5 database of Classical Latin texts. The Russian version of the questionnaire was used for elicitation. Interlinear glosses were provided by Tamara Petushkeeva.

How to cite

Popova, Inna. 2021. Bivalent patterns in Latin. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. St. Petersburg: Institute for Linguistic Studies, RAS. (Data first published on July 27, 2021; last revised on June 20, 2024.) (Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info, Accessed on .)

Basic info

For computational purposes, Latin is classified as a Romance language, although this is not technically correct (and Latin is not represented in WALS).

Grammar notes

Basic clause structure and the transitive construction

Latin generally shows the nominative-accusative alignment. Usually, the A-argument is in the Nominative, and the P-argument, in the Accusative. Latin allows for a relatively flexible word order. In Classical Latin prose, the default linear pattern is subject, indirect object, direct object, adverbial words or phrases, verb (more generally, the SOV-pattern). Infinitives and other extra verbs are placed in front of the main verb. Not much evidence has survived of the word order in colloquial Latin. Poetic word order depended heavily on the meter (based on vowel quantity), as well as served rhetorical expressiveness.

The verb must agree in number (Singular, Plural) and person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) with the subject. If the predicate includes a nominal form (such as adjective or participle), it also must agree with the subject in gender (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter).

Case system

Latin case system comprises six cases: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative and Vocative (for animate nouns). Accusative and Ablative can have a locative function (Accusative signifies directionality, and Ablative, a stative location) and can be used either with or without a preposition. Ablative also may have an instrumental function.

Verb lemmas

Verbs are cited in the 1st person Singular form.

Glossing abbreviations

1, 2, 3 — first, second, third person; ABL — ablative; ACC — accusative; ACT — active; CMPR — comparative; CONJ — conjunction; DAT — dative; F — feminine; FUT — future; FUT2 — second future; GEN — genitive; IMP — imperative; IND — indicative; INF — infinitive; INTS — intensifier; IPFV — imperfect; M — masculine; MID — middle; N — neuter; NOM — nominative; PASS — passive; PL — plural; PLUP — pluperfect; PN — person name; PRF — perfect; PRS — present; PTCP — participle; REFL — reflexive; SBJV — subjunctive; SG — singular; SUP — superlative.

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain doleo

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
quod tu-o vir-o ocul-i dole-a-nt
why your- dat . sg . m husband( m )- dat . sg eye( m )- nom . pl hurt- prs . sbjv - act .3 pl
‘Because of this, your husband's eyes will hurt.’
Note: (Ter, Ph, 1053)

2. have (illness) aegroto

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
natur-a su-is-met aegrota-t morb-is
nature( f )- nom . sg one’s_own- abl . pl - ints be_ill[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg disease( m )- abl . pl
‘The nature suffers from its own diseases.’
Note: (Man. 5, 215)

3. be afraid timeo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
miser magn-um inpende-ns time-t aer-e sax-um Tantal-us
poor. nom . sg . m big- acc . sg . n hang- prs . ptcp . act . acc . sg fear[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg air( m )- abl . sg stone( n )- acc . sg t antalus( m )- nom . sg
‘And poor Tantalus fears the big stone hanging in the air.’
Note: (Carus. De Rerum Natura. III, 980)

4. throw jaceo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(vinc-es) non fu-isse armat-os e-os qui sax-a iace-re-nt
(win- fut . ind . act .2 sg ) not be[ prf ]- inf . act arm. prf . ptcp . pass - acc . pl . m that- acc . pl . m which. nom . pl stone( n )- acc . pl throw- ipfv . sbjv - act .3 pl
‘(You will prove), that those who were throwing stones were not armed.’
Note: (Cic. Pro Caec. 60)

5. have enough satis + COP

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
dict-um sapient-i satis est
said- nom . sg . n wise- dat . sg enough be. prs . ind . act .3 sg
‘A word is enough to the wise.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. (Pl. Per. 729)

6. resemble imitor

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
lampadi-as arde-nt-es imita-tur fac-es
comet( m )- nom . sg burn- prs . ptcp . act - acc . pl imitate[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg torch( f )- acc . pl
‘The comet resembles burning torches.’
Note: (Plin. NH II, 90). Lampadias is a type of comet.

7. believe credo

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
quis nobis cred-e-t, cui nos?
who. nom . sg we. dat believe- fut . ind - act .3 sg who. dat . sg we. nom
‘Who will believe us, who will we believe?’
Note: (Cic. In Verrem. II, 1, 127)

8. take capio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Attis) nive-is citat-a cep-it man-ibus leve typan-um
pn ( f )[ nom . sg ] white- abl . pl fast- nom . sg . f take[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg hand( f )- abl . pl lightly tambour( n )- acc . sg
‘(Attis) hastily took a lightweight tambour with her white hands.’
Note: (Cat. Carm. 63,8)

9. see video

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ille qui sanguin-em su-um vid-it
that. nom . sg . m which. nom . sg . m blood( f )- acc . sg one’s_own- acc . sg . m see[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘One who saw his own blood.’
Note: (Sen. Ep. 13, 2)

10. influence afficio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(aconit-um) morde-t stomach-um et cor affic-it
aconite( n )- nom . sg bite[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg stomach( m )- acc . sg and heart( n ). acc . sg influence[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘(Aconite) bites the stomach and effects the heart.’
Note: (Larg. 188)

11. encounter incurro

Valency pattern: NOM_inACC
X: NOM
Y: inACC
Locus: Y
in me incurr-it Rom-a veni-ens Curio me-us
in i . acc encounter[ prf ]- ind . act .3 sg r ome( f )- abl . sg come- prs . ptcp . act . nom . sg pn ( m ). nom . sg my- nom . sg . m
‘My Curio, coming from Rome, ran into me.’
Note: ( Cic. Ep. ad Att. 2, 12, 2)

12. enter intro

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Ann-a) dom-um intra-v-it Tyri-os indut-a parat-us
pn ( f )- nom . sg house( f )- acc . sg enter- prf - ind . act .3 sg t yrian- acc . pl . m put_on. prf . ptcp . pass - nom . sg . f garment( m )- acc . pl
‘(Anna) entered the house, dressed in Tyrian clothes.’
Note: (Ov. Fasti. III, 627)

13. win evinco

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
spume-us amn-is exi-it opposit-as-que evic-it gurgit-e mol-es
foaming- nom . sg . m river( m )- nom . sg go_out[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg oppose. prf . ptcp . pass - acc . pl . f -and overwhelm[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg flow( m )- abl . sg dyke( f )- acc . pl
‘A foaming river exits its banks and with its flow overwhelms opposing dykes.’
Note: (Verg. Aen. II, 497)

14. go out exeo

Valency pattern: NOM_exABL
X: NOM
Y: exABL
Locus: Y
nihil enim umquam neque insolens neque glorios-um ex or-e eius exi-it
nothing. nom indeed ever nor immoderate. nom . sg nor prideful- nom . sg . n from mouth( n )- abl . sg this. gen . sg . m go_out[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘And nothing else went out of his mouth: neither immoderate, nor prideful.’
Note: (Nepos. Vitae, life Timol. 4, 3, 1)

15. drive ago

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ipse capell-as protinus aeger ag-o
oneself. nom . sg . m she_goat( f )- acc . pl forward sick. nom . sg . m drive[ prs . ind ]- act .1 sg
‘I myself wearily drive forth my she-goats.’
Note: (Verg. Ecl. 1, 13)

16. bend curvo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Amor) curva-v-it flexil-e corn-um
pn ( m ). nom . sg bend- prf - ind . act .3 sg flexible- acc . sg . n horn( n )- acc . sg
‘(Cupid) bent his flexible horn.’
Note: (Ov. Met. V, 383)

17. tell dico

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
haec nobis Attal-us dix-it, natur-a omn-ibus dix-it
this. acc . sg . n we. dat pn ( m )- nom . sg say[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg nature( f )- nom . sg each- dat . pl say[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘Attalus told it to us, and the nature told it to everyone.’
Note: (Sen. Ep. 110, 20)

18. hold teneo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
is-que hac ara-t infelix, hac tene-t arm-a man-u
he[ nom . sg ]-and this. abl . sg . f plough[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg unhappy. nom . sg this. abl . sg . f hold[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg weapon( n )- acc . pl hand( f )- abl . sg
‘And he, an impious man, is ploughing with one arm, holding weapons in the other.’
Note: (Ov. Tristia. V, 10, 24)

19. catch up consequor

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ego ill-um in praetur-a sum consecut-us
i [ nom . sg ] that- acc . sg . m in praetorship( f )- abl . sg be. prs . ind . act .1 sg catch_up. prf . ptcp . pass - nom . sg . m
‘I caught up with him in the praetorship.’
Note: (Plin. Ep. 7, 16, 2)

20. milk mulgeo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
hic alien-us ov-is custos bis mulge-t in hor-a
this. nom . sg . m alien- nom . sg . m sheep( f )- acc . pl shepherd( m )- nom . sg twice milk[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg in hour( f )- abl . sg
‘This alien shepherd milks his sheep twice an hour.’
Note: (Verg. Ecl. 3, 5)

21. reach pervenio

Valency pattern: NOM_adACC
X: NOM
Y: adACC
Locus: Y
(Cleonym-us) ad litor-a Venet-orum perven-it
pn ( m )- nom . sg at coast( n )- acc . pl v enetus( m )- gen . pl reach[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘(Cleonymus) reached the coasts of the Veneti.’
Note: (Liv. X, 2, 5)

22. touch tango

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(adfin-is) post-em-que tremebund-a man-u tetig-it
kinsman( m )- nom . sg door_post( m )- acc . sg -and trembling- abl . sg . f hand( f )- abl . sg touch[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘(Kinsman) touched the door-post with a trembling hand.’
Note: (Cic. De domo sua. 134, 10)

23. fight luctor

Valency pattern: NOM_cumABL
X: NOM
Y: cumABL
Locus: Y
cum mortu-is non nisi larv-as lucta-ri
with dead- abl . pl not if_not evil_ghost( f )- acc . pl fight[ prs ]- inf . mid
‘Nobody fights the dead but ghosts.’
Note: (Plin. NH Pr, 31, 5)

24. be friends amicus + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
cui sum amic-us
which. dat . sg be. prs . ind . act .1 sg friend( m )- nom . sg
‘... who I am friends with’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. (Cic. Phil. I, 11, 4)

25. think meditor

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
nec iam furtiv-um Dido medita-tur amor-em
and_not now secret- acc . sg . m pn ( f ). nom . sg think[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg love( m )- acc . sg
‘And Dido does not think about the secrecy of her love.’
Note: (Verg. Aen. IV, 171)

26. eat edo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
bolet-um qual-em Claudi-us ed-it, ed-a-s
mushroom( m )- acc . sg which- acc . sg pn ( m )- nom . sg eat[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg eat- prs . sbjv - act .2 sg
‘You would eat a mushroom such as Claudis ate.’
Note: (Mart. Epigr. I, 20, 4)

27. fry frigo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
horde-um poster-o di-e frig-unt
barley( n )- acc . sg next- abl . sg . m day( m )- abl . sg fry[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘They roast the barley the day after.’
Note: (Plin. NH 18, 72)

28. wait maneo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
qui nud-us atque inerm-is host-em mane-a-t
which. nom . sg naked- nom . sg . m and_also unarmed- nom . sg enemy( m )- acc . sg wait- prs . sbjv - act .3 sg
‘That who expected the enemy unarmed and defenceless.’
Note: (Liv. X, 35, 10)

29. forget obliviscor

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
est enim propri-um stultiti-ae ali-orum viti-a cernere, oblivisc-i su-orum
be. prs . ind . act .3 sg indeed own- nom . sg . n foolishness( f )- dat . sg other- gen . pl . m vice( n )- acc . pl notice[ prs ]- inf . act forget[ prs ]- inf . act one’s_own- gen . pl . n
‘For it is characteristic to foolishness to notice the vices of others and to forget its own.’
Note: (Cic. Tusc. 3, 73)

30. depend dependeo

Valency pattern: NOM_exABL
X: NOM
Y: exABL
Locus: Y
ex horum lev-issim-is mot-ibus fortun-ae popul-orum depende-nt
from this. gen . pl . n light- sup - abl . pl . m motion( m )- abl . pl fortune( f )- nom . pl people( m )- gen . pl depend[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘The fortunes of nations depend on their (stars’) slightest motions.’
Note: (Sen. Dia. 18, 3)

31. call voco

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Caecin-a) serv-um-que su-um nomin-e Antioch-um ad se voca-v-it
pn ( m )- nom . sg slave( m )- acc . sg -and one’s_own- acc . sg . m name( n )- abl . sg pn ( m )- acc . sg at refl . acc call- prf - ind . act .3 sg
‘(Caecina) summoned his slave named Antiochus.’
Note: (Cic. Pro Caec. 22)

32. get to know cognosco

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Hortensi-us) acer et non tal-is qual-em tu eum cogno-v-isti
pn ( m )- nom . sg energetic. nom . sg . m and not such- nom . sg which- acc . sg you. nom this. acc . sg . m get_acquainted- prf - ind . act .2 sg
‘(Hortensius) was full of energy and not such as you saw him when you first met him.’
Note: (Cic. Brutus. 317)

33. know nosco

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
qui Rom-ae nov-era-t nemin-em
which. nom . sg r ome( f )- dat . sg know- plup . ind - act .3 sg nobody- acc . sg
‘... one who knew nobody in Rome’
Note: (Cic. Rosc. 76)

34. play (instrument) modulor

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
pastor inaequal-i modula-tur harundin-e carmen
shepherd( m ). nom . sg unequal- abl . sg play- prs . ind . act .3 sg reed( f )- abl . sg song( n ). acc . sg
‘A shepherd is playing a song his unequal reeds.’
Note: (Ov. Rem. Am. 181)

35. avoid vito

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
nec ego Brut-um vit-o
and_not i . nom pn ( m )- acc . sg avoid[ prs . ind ]- act .1 sg
‘I am not avoiding Brutus.’
Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Att. 12, 29)

36. make facio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Callicrat-es ex ebor-e formic-as fec-it
pn ( m )- nom . sg from ivory( n )- abl . sg ant( f )- acc . pl make[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘Callicrates created ants from ivory.’
Note: (Plin. NH 7, 88)

37. make fun derideo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
deride-a-mus haruspic-es, van-os esse dic-a-mus
ridicule- prs . sbjv - act .1 pl haruspex( m )- acc . pl unreliable- acc . pl . m be. prs . inf . act say- prs . sbjv - act .1 pl
‘Let us ridicule haruspices, let us say they are unreliable.’
Note: (Cic. Div. 1, 36)

38. have habeo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
qui maior-es possession-es habe-nt
which. nom . pl . m bigger- acc . pl possession( f )- acc . pl have[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘... who have greater possessions.’
Note: (Cic. Catil. 2, 18)

39. look for quaero

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
haed-us fratr-um vestigi-a quaer-it
goatling( m )- nom . sg brother( m )- gen . pl trace( n )- acc . pl seek[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘The goatling searches for the traces of his brothers.’
Note: (Man. Astronomica. V, 312)

40. paint pingo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
me-um cori-um quem Apelle-s ac Zeuxis duo ping-e-nt pigment-is ulme-is
my- acc . sg . n skin( n )- acc . sg which. acc . sg pn ( m )- nom . sg and_also pn ( m ). nom . sg two. nom . m paint- fut . ind - act .3 pl pigment( n )- abl . pl elm_tree- abl . pl . n
‘My back that both Apelles and Zeuxis will paint with elm-tree colours.’
Note: (Pl. Epid. 626)

41. bite mordeo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
si me canis memord-eri-t
if i . acc dog. nom . sg bite- fut 2. ind - act .3 sg
‘... if a dog bites me.’
Note: (Enn. Sat. 63)

42. forfeit amitto

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Manli-us agr-os bon-a-que omni-a amis-eri-t
pn ( m )- nom . sg field( m )- acc . pl property( n )- acc . pl -and all- acc . pl . n lose- fut 2. ind - act .3 sg
‘Manlius lost hist fields and all his property.’
Note: (Sal. Cat. 28, 4)

43. try to catch capto

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(ille qui) pavid-um-que lepor-em capta-t
that. nom . sg . m which. nom . sg . m fearsome- acc . sg -and hair( m )- acc . sg catch[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘... (one who) catches a trembling hare.’
Note: (Hor. Ep. 2, 36)

44. break frango

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Apollo inde ram-um freg-it et in caput imposu-it
pn ( m ). nom . sg after_that branch( m )- acc . sg break[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg and in head( n ). acc . sg put[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘Apollo broke a branch and placed it on his head.’
Note: (Hyginus. Fabulae. 203, 1)

45. flatter blandior

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
(Falcidi-us) cur matr-i praeterea blandi-tur
pn ( m )- nom . sg why mother( f )- dat . sg besides flatter[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg
‘Besides, why does he (Falcidius) flatter his mother in this way?’
Note: (Cic. Pro Flacco, 92)

46. love (person) amo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
tener-as ama-t ille puell-as
tender- acc . pl . f love[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg that. nom . sg . m girl( f )- acc . pl
‘He loves tender girls.’
Note: (Ov. Amores. III, 3, 25)

47. wave vibro

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
qui vibra-nt hast-as ante pugn-am
which. nom . pl . m shake[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl spear( f )- acc . pl before fight( f )- acc . sg
‘... who shake their spears before the fight.’
Note: (Cic. De Oratore. II, 325)

48. dream somnio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
me desider-e-s, me somni-e-s, me exspecta-s, de me cogit-e-s
i . acc want- prs . sbjv - act .2 sg i . acc dream- prs . sbjv - act .2 sg i . acc expect[ prs . ind ]- act .2 sg about i . acc think- prs . sbjv - act .2 sg
‘You want me, you dream about me, you expect me, you think about me.’
Note: (Ter. Eu. 194)

49. wash lavo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ancill-am quae latrin-am lava-t
servant( f )- acc . sg which. nom . sg . f loo( f )- acc . sg wash[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘... a servant girl who washes the loo.’
Note: (Pl. Cur. 580)

50. put on sumo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
vest-is Cereal-ibus alb-as sum-ite!
garment( f )- acc . pl c eres’- abl . pl white- acc . pl . f put_on[ prs ]- imp . act .2 pl
‘Put on white clothes for the feast of Ceres.’
Note: (Ov. Fasti. 4, 620)

51. be called appello + PASS

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
qui ips-orum lingu-a Celt-ae, nostr-a Gall-i appella-ntur
which. nom . pl . m oneself- gen . pl . m language( f )- abl . sg c elt( m )- nom . pl our- abl . sg . f g aul( m )- nom . pl call[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 pl
‘... who in their own language are called Celts, in our Gauls.’
Note: (Caes. Gall. I, 11)

52. punish punio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(August-us) adulter-os mort-e aut fug-a puni-v-it
pn ( m )- nom . sg lover( m )- acc . pl death( f )- abl . sg or exile( f )- abl . sg punish- prf - ind . act .3 sg
‘(Augustus) punished the lovers with death or exile.’
Note: (Tac. Ann. III, 24)

53. attack invado

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
leon-es invad-unt greg-es
lion( m )- nom . pl attack[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl herd( m )- acc . pl
‘Lions attack the herds.’
Note: (Ov. Fasti. 2, 210)

54. fill (intr) impleo + PASS

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
proclinatio ea imple-a-tur haren-a
ledge( f ). nom . sg this. nom . sg . f fill- prs . sbjv - mid .3 sg sand( f )- abl . sg
‘Let this slope fill with sand.’
Note: (Vitr. 5, 12, 4)

55. find invenio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
nemo profect-um ibi inveni-t ubi reliqu-era-t
nobody. nom . sg success( m )- acc . sg there find[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg where leave- plup . ind - act .3 sg
‘No one finds the progress there, where he left it.’
Note: (Sen. Ep. 71, 35)

56. be short desum

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
si quibus argent-um deesse-t
if who. dat . pl silver( n )- nom . sg lack[ ipfv . sbjv ]- act .3 sg
‘... whenever money is not available to someone.’
Note: (Liv. XXII, 60, 4)

57. hate odi

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
quis autem est, qui Tarquini-um Superb-um non od-eri-t
who. nom . sg indeed be. prs . ind . act .3 sg which. nom . sg pn ( m )- acc . sg proud- acc . sg . m not hate- fut 2. ind - act .3 sg
‘But who is it who does not hate Tarquin the Proud?’
Note: (Cic, de Amicitia, 28)

58. like placeo

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
non place-t mi cen-a quae bil-em move-t
not like[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg i . dat dinner( f )- nom . sg which. nom . sg . f bile( f )- acc . sg move[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘I don't like a dinner which moves the bile.’
Note: (Pl. Bac. 537)

59. need egeo

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
mancipi-is locuples ege-t aer-is Cappadoc-um rex
slave( n )- abl . pl rich[ nom . sg ] need[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg money- gen . sg c appadocian( m )- gen . pl king( m ). nom . sg
‘The king of the Cappadocians is rich in slaves, but lacks money.’
Note: (Hor. Epist. I, 6, 39)

60. surround cingo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(dom-us) quae non ea est quam paret-es nostr-i cing-unt
house( f )- nom . sg which. nom . sg . f not that. nom . sg . f be. prs . ind . act .3 sg which. acc . sg . f wall( m )- nom . pl our- nom . pl . m encircle[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘... (the house) that is not that what our walls encircle.’
Note: (Cic. Rep. I, 19)

61. remain supersum

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
quamvis null-a me-i superest tibi cur-a
although no- nom . sg . f my- dat . sg . m remain. prs . ind . act .3 sg you. dat care( f )- nom . sg
‘Although you have no thought of me anymore.’
Note: (Lygd. 6)

62. answer respondeo

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
his Caesar ita respond-it
this. dat . pl pn ( m ) nom . sg so reply[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘To these Caesar replied the following’
Note: (Caes. Gall. I, 14, 1)

63. open retego

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
in hoc thec-am nummari-am non retex-eri-s
in this. acc . sg . n chest( f )- acc . sg monetary- acc . sg . f not open- fut 2. ind - act .2 sg
‘In this case, you will not open the money chest.’
Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Att. 4, 7, 2)

64. be different differo

Valency pattern: NOM_abABL
X: NOM
Y: abABL
Locus: Y
German-i multum ab hac consuetudin-e differ-unt
g erman( m )- nom . pl very from this. abl . sg . f custom( f )- abl . sg differ[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘The Germans differ in many ways from this custom.’
Note: (Caes. Gall. VI, 21)

65. fall behind decedo

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
si quis agmin-e decess-isse-t, pro desertor-e fore clamita-ns
if who. nom . sg rank( n )- abl . sg fall_behind- plup . sbjv - act .3 sg for deserter( m )- abl . sg be. fut . inf . act call- prs . ptcp . act . nom . sg
‘... yelling that whoever departs from the rank will be held for a deserter.’
Note: (Tac. Ann. I, 38)

66. plough aro

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
qui public-os agr-os ara-nt
who. nom . pl . m public- acc . pl . m field( m )- acc . pl plough[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘... those who till public fields.’
Note: (Cic. In Verrem. 5, 53)

67. smell oleo

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
per-que lac-us alt-os et ole-nt-ia sulphur-e fer-tur stagn-a Palic-orum
through-and lake( m )- acc . pl deep- acc . pl . m and smell- ptcp . prs . act - acc . pl . n sulphur( n )- abl . sg carry[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg swamp( n )- acc . pl p alici( m )- gen . pl
‘... and through deep lakes and sulphur-smelling swamps of the Palici...’
Note: (Ov. Met. V, 405)

68. cross transeo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
rar-us ab Itali-a tantum mar-e navit-a transi-t
rare- nom . sg . m from i taly( f )- abl . sg so_much sea( n )- acc . sg sailor( m )- nom . sg cross[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘Few sailors cross the sea so far from Italy.’
Note: (Ov. Tristia. III, 12, 39)

69. sing cano

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Simonid-es) cecin-isse-t-que id carmen
pn ( m )- nom . sg sing- plup . sbjv - act .3 sg -and this. acc . sg . n song( n ). acc . sg
‘(Simonides) sang this poem.’
Note: (Cic. De Oratore. 2, 352)

70. write scribo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
terti-am ad te hanc epistul-am scrips-i
third- acc . sg . f at you. acc this. acc . sg . f letter( f )- acc . sg write[ prf . ind ]- act .1 sg
‘This is the third letter I have written to you.’
Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Fam. 16, 6, 1)

71. drink bibo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Cassi-us tot-a vit-a aqu-am bib-it
pn ( m )- nom . sg whole- abl . sg . f life( f )- abl . sg water( f )- acc . sg drink[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘Cassius drank water all his life.’
Note: (Sen. Ep. 83, 12)

72. melt liquefacio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
patr-es congest-a-que flamm-a tur-a liquefaci-unt
father( m )- nom . pl gather. prf . ptcp . pass - abl . sg . f -and fire( f )- abl . sg tar( n )- acc . pl melt[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘And fathers melt the tars gathered on the flame.’
Note: (Ov. Met. VII, 161)

73. match apto + PASS

Valency pattern: NOM_adACC
X: NOM
Y: adACC
Locus: Y
gemm-ae, quae ad ectyp-as scalptur-as apta-ntur
gem( f )- nom . pl which. nom . pl . f at convex- acc . pl . f carving( f )- acc . pl suit[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 pl
‘Gems that are suited for relief carving.’
Note: (Plin. NH 37, 173)

74. leave linquo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
liqu-it Agenorid-es Sidoni-a moeni-a Cadm-us
leave[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg pn ( m )- nom . sg s idon’s- acc . pl . n wall( n )- acc . pl pn ( m )- nom . sg
‘Cadmus Agenorides left the fort of Sidon.’
Note: (Ov. Ep. Ex Ponto. I, 3, 77)

75. cover tego

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
est mihi marmore-a sacrat-us in aed-e Sychae-us, opposit-ae frond-es veller-a-que alb-a teg-unt
be. prs . ind . act .3 sg i . dat marble- abl . sg . f sacred- nom . sg . m in temple( f )- abl . sg s ychaeus( m )- nom . sg oppose. prf . ptcp . pass - nom . pl . f leaf( f )- nom . pl wool( n )- nom . pl -and white- nom . pl . n cover[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘I have in my marble temple sacred Sychaeus, the scattered leaves and white wool cover (it).’
Note: (Ov. Ep. 7, 100)

76. remember memini

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
numer-os memin-i, nisi verb-a tenere-m
melody( m )- acc . pl remember[ prf . ind ]- act .1 sg not_if word( n )- acc . pl recall[ ipfv . sbjv . act ]-1 sg
‘I remember the melody, even if I couldn’t recall the words.’
Note: (Verg. Ecl. 9, 45)

77. help juvo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Titian-um et Cels-um nox juv-it
pn ( m )- acc . sg and pn ( m )- acc . sg night( f ). nom . sg help[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘The night helped Titian and Celsus.’
Note: (Tac. Hist. II, 44, 12)

78. understand (language) scio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
is omn-is lingu-as sci-t, sed dissimula-t sci-ens ne sci-re
that. nom . sg . m each- acc . pl language( f )- acc . pl know[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg but hide[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg know- prs . ptcp . act . nom . sg not know[ prs . act ]- inf
‘He knows all languages, but, knowing them, simulates not knowing (them).’
Note: (Pl. Poen. 112)

79. hit (target) percello

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
duo fulmin-a dom-um me-am percul-eri-nt
two. nom . n lightning( n )- nom . pl house( f )- acc . sg my- acc . sg . f strike- prf . conj - act .3 pl
‘Two lightnings have struck my house.’
Note: (Liv. XLV, 41, 1)

80. cut oneself *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
hispanic-o (gladi-o) humer-um dextr-um incid-it
s panish- abl . sg . m sword( m )- abl . sg shoulder( m )- acc . sg right- acc . sg . m cut[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘(He) cuts his right shoulder with a Spanish sword.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. (Quad. Hist. 10.b)

81. get stuck adhaereo

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
grav-is veter-i creterr-ae lim-us adhaes-it
heavy- nom . sg old- dat . sg bowl( f )- dat . sg dirt( m )- nom . sg stick. prf - ind . act .3 sg
‘Chunky mud is stuck to an old bowl.’
Note: (Hor. Sermones. II, 4, 80)

82. lose (game) vinco + PASS

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
vict-us ergo est magis etiam consili-o Thimistocl-i, quam arm-is Graeci-ae
win. prf . ptcp . pass - nom . sg . m consequently be. prs . ind . act .3 sg more even decision( n )- abl . sg pn ( m )- gen . sg than weapon( n )- abl . pl g reece( f )- gen . sg
‘He was defeated even more by Themistocle’s decision than by the Greek weapons.’
Note: (Nepos. Vitae. Them. 4, 5).

83. be glad gaudeo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Tiberi-us) gaud-eba-t oppress-am sedition-em
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_glad- ipfv . ind - act .3 sg oppress. prf . ptcp . pass - acc . sg . f sedition( f )- acc . sg
‘(Tiberius) was glad that the sedition was crushed.’
Note: (Tac. Ann. I, 52)

84. speak colloquor

Valency pattern: NOM_cumABL
X: NOM
Y: cumABL
Locus: Y
Socrates in eo libr-o colloqui-tur cum Critobul-o
pn ( m ). nom . sg in this. abl . sg . m book( m )- abl . sg converse[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg with pn ( m )- abl . sg
‘Socrates talks (about it) with Critobulus in this book.’
Note: (Cic. Cato Maior de Senectute. 59, 6)

85. give birth pario

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
peper-erunt ov-es agn-os human-o capit-e
give_birth[ prf . ind ]- act .3 pl sheep( f )- nom . pl lamb( m )- acc . pl human- abl . sg . n head( n )- abl . sg
‘Sheep gave birth to lambs with a human head.’
Note: (Ter. Ph. 3, 3, 4)

86. drop demitto

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
di qui cael-o demitti-tis imbr-em
god( m ). nom . pl which. nom . pl . m heaven( n )- abl . sg drop[ prs . ind ]- act .2 pl rain( m )- acc . sg
‘Gods who send down rain from the skies.’
Note: (Verg. Georg. I, 23)

87. govern administro

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
nec legitime tutel-am administra-t
and_not legally tutelage( f )- acc . sg administer[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘She doesn’t administer the tutelage legally.’
Note: (Iust. Digesta. XXXVIII, 17, 2)

88. miss desidero

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
fort-ius e mult-is mater desidera-t un-um
strong- cmpr from many- abl . pl mother( f ). nom . sg miss[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg one- acc . sg . m
‘A mother missed one of many the most.’
Note: (Ov. Rem. Am. 463)

89. follow sequor

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
parv-us Iul-us sequi-tur patr-em non pass-ibus aequ-is
little- nom . sg . m pn ( m )- nom . sg follow[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg father( m )- acc . sg not step( m )- abl . pl equal- abl . pl . m
‘Little Iulus followed, with unequal step, his sire.’
Note: (Verg. Aen. II, 723)

90. dismount descendo

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
quibus de caus-is Sull-am dictator-em un-i sibi descend-ere equ-o
which. abl . pl of cause( f )- abl . pl pn ( m )- acc . sg disctator( m )- acc . sg one- dat . m refl . dat dismount[ prs ]- inf . act horse( m )- abl . sg
‘For these reasons Sulla the dictator used to only dismount from a horse before him. ’
Note: (Sal. Hist. V, 20, 2)

91. listen audio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ut audi-re-m Laber-i et Publil-i poemat-a
conj listen- ipfv . sbjv - act .1 sg pn ( m )- gen . sg and pn ( m )- gen . sg poem( n )- acc . pl
‘... that I listened the poems of Laberius and Publius.’
Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Fam. 12, 18)

92. obey pareo

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
non adeo pare-b-imus omni-a matr-i
not so_much obey- fut . ind - act .1 pl all- acc . pl . n mother( f )- dat . sg
‘We won't obey the mother in everything.’
Note: (Stat. Ach. I, 660)

93. hear audio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
audi-a-t optat-os semper amic-a son-os
hear- prs . sbjv - act .3 sg desired- acc . pl . m always girlfriend( f )- nom . sg sound( m )- acc . pl
‘Let the girlfriend always hear desired sounds.’
Note: (Ov. Ars Amatoria. II, 156)

94. mix misceo + PASS

Valency pattern: NOM_cumABL
X: NOM
Y: cumABL
Locus: Y
cum liquid-o mixt-a perfud-it (loqu-ent-em) div-a polent-a
with liquid( n )- abl . sg mix. prf . ptcp . pass - abl . sg . f pour[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg speak- prs . ptcp . act - acc . sg goddess( f )- nom . sg barley( f )- abl . sg
‘The Goddess poured him with barley mixed with liquid, while he was talking.’
Note: (Ov. Met. V, 454)

95. look aspecto

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(victor) aspecta-t Olymp-um
winner( m ). nom . sg watch[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg o lympus( m )- acc . sg
‘(The winner) looks at Olympus.’
Note: (Man. Astronomica. IV, 907)

96. take off se devestio

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
(Pamphile) omn-ibus lacini-is se devesti-t
pn ( f ) nom . sg all- abl . pl garment( f )- abl . pl refl . acc take_off[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘(Pamphile) takes off all of her clothes.’
Note: (Ap. Met. III, 21)

97. dream (sleeping) somnio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
proxim-a noct-e somnia-v-it speci-em Fortun-ae
previous- abl . sg . f night( f )- abl . sg dream- prf - ind . act .3 sg face( f )- acc . sg pn ( f )- gen . sg
‘Previous night he dreamt of Fortuna’s face.’
Note: (Suet. Gal. 18, 2)

98. agree assentior

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
de Treboni-o prorsus tibi assenti-or
of pn ( m )- abl . sg fully you. dat agree[ prs . ind ]- mid .1 sg
‘I completely agree with you regarding Trebonius.’
Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Att. 4, 8b, 2)

99. have a quarrel discordo

Valency pattern: NOM_cumABL
X: NOM
Y: cumABL
Locus: Y
tres duc-es discorda-nt-es prope ut defec-eri-nt ali-i ab ali-is, trifariam exercit-um in divers-issim-as region-es distrax-ere
three. nom . pl leader( m )- nom . pl quarrel- prs . ptcp . act - nom . pl all_but conj leave- prf . sbjv . act -3 pl other- nom . pl from other- abl . pl from_three_sides army( m )- acc . sg in remote- sup - acc . pl . f region( f )- acc . pl divide[ prf . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘The three generals, having quarrelled up to a point of parting ways from one another, made the three parts of the army march in very different regions.’
Note: Y is implicit in this example. (Liv. XXVI, 41, 20)

100. cost consto

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
VI mil-ibus D tibi consta-re-nt ea
6 thousand( n )- abl . pl 500 you. dat cost- ipfv . sbjv - act .3 pl this. nom . pl . n
‘This would cost you 6500.’
Note: (Cic. In Verrem. 4, 1, 28)

101. shoot at iaculor

Valency pattern: NOM_inACC
X: NOM
Y: inACC
Locus: Y
si rapid-us Mavors ign-es iacula-tur in ill-um
if fast- nom . sg . m pn ( m ). nom . sg fire( m )- acc . pl throw[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg in that- acc . sg . m
‘... if swift Mars shoots flames at him.’
Note: (Man. Astronomica. IV, 500)

102. pour infundo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Lateran-us) manipl-os solv-e-t et infund-e-t iument-is horde-a lass-is
pn ( m )- nom . sg sheaf( m )- acc . pl unbind- fut . ind - act .3 sg and pour- fut . ind - act .3 sg cattle( n )- dat . pl barley( n )- acc . pl weary- dat . pl . n
‘(Lateranus) will unbind the sheaves and pour the barley to his weary cattle.’
Note: (Juv. 8, 153)

103. lose perdo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
perdid-istin tu anul-um?
lose[ prf . ind ]- act .2 sg you. nom ring( m )- acc . sg
‘Have you lost a ring?’
Note: (Pl. Cur. 584)

104. sink sido

Valency pattern: NOM_inABL
X: NOM
Y: inABL
Locus: Y
sid-it autem (mini-um) in aqu-a
disappear[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg but red_lead( n )- nom . sg in water( f )- abl . sg
‘The red-lead sinks in water.’
Note: (Plin. NH 33, 120)

105. kill neco

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Oppianic-us) eodem venen-o C. Oppianic-um fratr-em neca-v-it
pn ( m )- nom . sg same. abl . sg . n poison( n )- abl . sg pn pn ( m )- acc . sg brother( m )- acc . sg kill- prf - ind . act .3 sg
‘(Oppianicus) killed his brother Caius Oppianicus with the same poison.’
Note: (Cic. Pro Cluentio. 31)

106. hit percutio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(Torquat-us) quod vero secur-i percuss-it fili-um
pn ( m )- nom . sg because truly axe( f )- abl . sg hit[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg son( m )- acc . sg
‘... (Torquatus), when he indeed struck his son with a pole-axe...’
Note: (Cic. De Fin. I, 23)

107. kiss osculor

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
aliter homin-es amic-am, aliter liber-os oscula-ntur
differently man( m )- nom . pl girlfriend( f )- acc . sg differently child( m )- acc . pl kiss[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 pl
‘People kiss girlfriends and children in different ways.’
Note: (Sen. Ep. 75, 3)

108. read lego

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
puer leg-it epistul-am inscript-am patr-i su-o
boy( m ). nom . sg read[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg letter( f )- acc . sg write. prf . ptcp . pass - acc . sg . f father( m )- dat . sg one’s_own- dat . sg . m
‘The boy read a letter written to his father.’
Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Att. VI, 3, 8)

109. move (bodypart) moveo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
nec labr-a move-s, cum mitt-ere voc-um debu-eri-s
and_not lip( n )- acc . pl move[ prs . ind ]- act .2 sg when emit[ prs ]- inf . act voice( f )- acc . sg have_to- prf . sbjv - act .2 sg
‘... without moving the lips, even though you had to make a sound.’
Note: (Juv. 13, 114)

110. respect vereor

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
vere-mur quidem vos… et, si ita vultis, etiam time-mus: sed plus et vere-mur et time-mus de-os
respect[ prs . ind ]- mid .1 pl indeed you. acc and if so want[ prs . ind ]. act .2 sg even fear[ prs . ind ]- act .1 pl but more and respect[ prs . ind ]- mid .1 pl and fear[ prs . ind ]- act .1 pl god( m )- acc . pl
‘We indeed respect you… and, if you prefer, even fear: but we respect and fear the gods even more.’
Note: (Liv. XXXIX, 37, 17)

111. be squeamish fastidio

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(is) non fastidi-v-it eius amiciti-am
this. nom . sg . m not be_squeamish- prf - ind . act .3 sg this. gen . sg . m friendship( f )- acc . sg
‘... (he) was not squeamish by his friendship.’
Note: (Cic. Pis. 68)

112. be content contentus + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
ist-a tu-a mediocr-i eloquenti-a content-i sumus
this- abl . sg . f your- abl . sg . f mediocre- abl . sg eloquence( f )- abl . sg satisfied- nom . pl . m be. prs . ind . act .1 pl
‘We are satisfied with this mediocre eloquence of yours.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. (Cic. De Oratore. I, 133)

113. fall in love adamo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Masiniss-a Sophonib-am, uxor-em Syphac-is, fili-am Hasdrubal-is, capt-am statim adama-v-it et nupti-is fact-is uxor-em habu-it
pn ( m )- nom . sg pn ( f )- acc . sg wife( f )- acc . sg pn ( m )- gen . sg daughter( f )- acc . sg pn ( m )- gen . sg capture. prf . ptcp . pass - acc . sg . f instantly fall_in_love- prf - ind . act .3 sg and wedding( f )- abl . pl make. prf . ptcp . pass - abl . pl . f wife( f )- acc . sg have[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘Masinissa fell instantly in love with the captured Sophonis, the wife of Syphacus, daughter of Hasdrubal, and, having thrown a wedding, married her.’
Note: (Liv. Periochae. XXX, 7)

114. trust fido

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ut nec duc-i milit-es, nec milit-ibus dux satis fide-re-t
conj and_not general( m )- dat . sg soldier( m )- dat . pl and_not soldier( m )- dat . pl general( m ). nom . sg enough trust- ipfv . sbjv - act .3 sg
‘... when neither the soldiers trust the general, nor the general suffieciently relied on the soldiers.’
Note: (Liv. X, 18, 6)

115. sympathise miseresco

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
miseresc-ite reg-is et patri-as audi-te prec-es
have_pity- prs . imp . act .2 pl king( m )- gen . sg and father’s- acc . pl . f listen- prs . imp . act .2 pl prayer( f )- acc . pl
‘Have pity for the king and listen to the father’s prayers.’
Note: (Verg. Aen. VIII, 573)

116. envy invideo

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
prob-us autem invide-t nemin-i
honest- nom . sg . m but envy[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg nobody- dat . sg
‘An honest man does not envy anyone.’
Note: (Cic. Tim. 9, 4)

117. be angry irascor

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
(frater) etiam quibus irasc-itur crebr-ius, tamen car-os habe-t
brother( m ). nom . sg even which. dat . pl be_angry[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg often- cmpr but dear- acc . pl . m have[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘Even those who he (brother) is so often angry with, he holds dear.’
Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Att. X, 11, 1)

118. be surprised miror

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(host-is) dum mira-tur subit-um advent-um
enemy( m )- nom . sg as_long_as be_surprised[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg sudden- acc . sg . m advance( m )- acc . sg
‘... while (the enemy) was surprised by the sudden advance.’
Note: (Liv. XXXIX, 30, 10)

119. love (tea) amo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Bacch-us ama-t flor-es
pn ( m )- nom . sg love[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg flower( m )- acc . pl
‘Bacchus loves the flowers.’
Note: (Ov. Fasti. V, 345)

120. enjoy fruor

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
mell-e pater fru-itur
honey( n )- abl . sg father( m ). nom . sg enjoy[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg
‘The father enjoys the honey.’
Note: (Ov. Fasti. III, 761)

121. want volo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
nam si rex ea vult, quae Theban-is sunt utili-a, gratis fac-ere sum parat-us
indeed if king( m ). nom . sg that. acc . pl . n want. prs . ind . act .3 sg which. nom . pl . n t heban( m )- dat . pl be. prs . ind . act .3 pl useful- nom . pl . n for_free do[ prs ]- inf . act be. prs . ind . act .1 sg ready- nom . sg . m
‘... for if the king wants what Thebans need, I am ready to do that for free.’
Note: (Nepos. Vitae. Epam. 4, 2, 2)

122. have a grudge irascor

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
(frater) etiam quibus irasci-tur crebr-ius, tamen car-os habe-t
brother( m ). nom . sg even which. dat . pl be_angry[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg often- cmpr but dear- acc . pl . m have[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘Even those who he (brother) is so often angry with, he holds dear.’
Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Att. X, 11, 1)

123. take offence offensus + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
cum Priam-i lacrim-is offens-us non sit Achill-es
when pn ( m )- gen . sg tear( f )- abl . pl get_offended. prf . ptcp . pass - nom . sg . m not be. prs . sbjv . act .3 sg pn ( m )- nom . sg
‘... when Achilles was not offended by the tears of Priam.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. (Ov. Tristia. V, 1, 55)

124. upset contristo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
contrista-v-it haec sententi-a Balb-um
upset- prf - ind . act .3 sg this. nom . sg . f decision( f )- nom . sg pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘This decision upset Balbus.’
Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Fam. 8, 9, 5)

125. marvel miror

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
(host-is) dum mira-tur subit-um advent-um
enemy( m )- nom . sg as_long_as be_surprised[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg sudden- acc . sg . m advance( m )- acc . sg
‘... while (the enemy) was surprised by the sudden advance.’
Note: (Liv. XXXIX, 30, 10)

126. despise contemno

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
quos enim host-is haec famili-a contemps-it
which. acc . pl . m indedd enemy( m )- acc . pl this. nom . sg . f family( f )- nom . sg despise[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘... for those, who this family despised as enemies.’
Note: (Cic. Pro Flacco. 58, 2)

127. get upset maereo

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
reg-e consumpt-o maere-t pleb-es ignav-o dolor-e
king( m )- abl . sg kill. prf . ptcp . pass - abl . sg . m mourn[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg folk( f )- nom . sg fruitless- abl . sg . m pain( m )- abl . sg
‘With the death of the king, the folk mourns with exhausting grief.’
Note: (Plin. NH 11, 64)

128. get irritated irrito + PASS

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
neque magis irritat-us esset Antoni-us regn-o Caesar-is quam ob eiusdem mort-em deterrit-us
and_not more irritate. prf . ptcp . pass - nom . sg . m be. ipfv . sbjv . act .3 sg pn ( m )- nom . sg rule( n )- abl . sg pn ( m )- gen . sg than from same. gen . sg . m death( f )- acc . sg frighten. prf . ptcp . pass - nom . sg . m
‘Nor was Antonius more irritated by the rule of Caesar, than he was terrified by his death.’
Note: (Cic. Ep. ad Brutum. 24, 3, 10)

129. be fond consentio

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
(Anim-i) facile iis [quibus delecta-ntur] consenti-unt
soul( m )- nom . pl easily that. dat . pl . n which. dat . pl . n amuse[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 pl be_fond[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘(Minds) easily agree with that what pleases them.’
Note: (Quint. Inst. V. 11, 19)

130. be shy vercundor

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: Not included in the database because Y cannot be overtly expressed.