‘look for’
    
        
            
                | Argument frame: | X
                     (look for) 
                    Y | 
        
        
            
                | Stimulus sentence: | P. 
                     is looking for 
                    his keys
                    . | 
        
        
            
                | Predicate label Ru: | искать | 
        
        
            
                | Argument frame Ru: | X
                     (искать) 
                    Y
                    (-а) | 
        
        
            
                | Stimulus sentence Ru: | П. 
                     ищет 
                    ключи
                    . | 
        
     
    
        
            Abaza
            [zə-]pšʕa
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            ABS_BEN | 
                    
                        | X: ABS | 
                    
                        | Y: BEN | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | á-č’ḳʷən | a-c̣apχaṭə́ga | d-a-zə́-pšʕ-əj-d | 
                    
                        | def
                            -boy | def
                            -key | 3
                            sg
                            .
                            h
                            .
                            abs
                            -3
                            sg
                            .
                            n
                            .
                            io
                            -
                            ben
                            -look_for-
                            prs
                            -
                            dcl | 
                    
                        | ‘The boy is looking for the key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Adyghe (West Circassian)
            λə-χʷə
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            ABS_LOC.AFTER | 
                    
                        | X: ABS | 
                    
                        | Y: LOC.AFTER | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | č̣ʼale-r | ʔʷənč̣ʼəbze-xe-m | a-λ-e-χʷə | 
                    
                        | guy-
                            abs | key-
                            pl
                            -
                            obl | 3
                            pl
                            .
                            io
                            -
                            loc
                            :
                            after
                            -
                            dyn
                            -look_for | 
                    
                        | ‘The guy is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Aghul
            aruc.a-
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            ABS_POST.LAT | 
                    
                        | X: ABS | 
                    
                        | Y: POST.LAT | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | aslan | güleg-ar.i-q-tːi | aruc.a-a | 
                    
                        | pn | key-
                            pl
                            -
                            post
                            -
                            lat | walk.
                            ipf
                            -
                            prs | 
                    
                        | ‘Aslan is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Akhvakh (Northern)
            eqqedooruƛa
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_NOM(NO.AGR) | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM(NO.AGR) | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | pataħi | rik’aƛƛa | eqq-edare | gudi | 
                    
                        | pn | keys | look_for-
                            ipf
                            .
                            ptcp
                            .
                            npl | m
                            .
                            cop | 
                    
                        | ‘Patahi is looking for his keys.’ | 
                    
                        | Note: This structure is unusual (two nominatives). Probably, this is a remnant of the affective construction. | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Andi (Zilo)
            kusd.i-r
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | pat’imati-di | kusd.i-r | rek’ulol | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            erg | search.
                            pst
                            -
                            prog | key[
                            inan
                            2].
                            pl
                            [
                            nom
                            ] | 
                    
                        | ‘Patimat is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi)
            dwġ
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ_3ala | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: 3ala | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Abrahām | qa-ydawwǝġ | ˁala-lǝ-mfatīḥ | māl-u | 
                    
                        | pn | prs
                            -look.
                            ipf
                            .3
                            ms | on-
                            art
                            -key.
                            pl | poss
                            -3
                            ms | 
                    
                        | ‘Abraham is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Arabic (Northern Syrian)
            dawwar
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ_3ala | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: 3ala | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Aḥmad | yədawwər | ʕa=l-mafātīḥ | 
                    
                        | pn | search.
                            ipfv
                            .3
                            m | on=
                            def
                            -key(
                            pl
                            ) | 
                    
                        | ‘Ahmad is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth)
            d.w.r
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ_ala | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: ala | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Shadi | ʿam | bidawwer | ʿala | mafatīḥ-o | 
                    
                        | pn | prog | search.
                            prs
                            .3
                            m
                            .
                            sg | on | key.
                            pl
                            -
                            poss
                            .3
                            m
                            .
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Shadi is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Arabic (standard)
            baḥaṯa
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_anGEN | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: anGEN | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Badr-un | yabḥaṯu | ʕan | il-mafātīḥ-i | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            nom | search.
                            ipf
                            .3
                            m | off | def
                            -keys-
                            gen | 
                    
                        | ‘Badr is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Archi
            -irkːus
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | paša | nakʼəm-mul | irkːu-r-ši | w-i | 
                    
                        | pn | key-
                            pl | npl
                            -seek-
                            ipfv
                            -
                            advz | 1-be | 
                    
                        | ‘Pasha is looking for his keys.’ | 
                    
                        | Note: Binominative construction resolves into transitive. | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Armenian (Eastern)
            p’ntrel
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: DAT~NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Petros-ə | p’ntrum+ē | banali-ner-ə | 
                    
                        | pn
                            [
                            nom
                            ]-
                            def | look_for:
                            prs
                            :3
                            sg | key-
                            pl
                            [
                            nom
                            ]-
                            def | 
                    
                        | ‘Petros is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
            +ṭavvə
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ_bar | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: bar | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | baxta | +ṭavvuy=la | +bar | kdilə | 
                    
                        | woman(
                            f
                            ) | seek.
                            prog
                            =3
                            f | after | key(
                            m
                            ).
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘The woman is looking for her keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Avar
            balahize
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | ʕali | k’ulal | r-alah-ule-w | w-ugo | 
                    
                        | pn | keys | pl
                            -look-
                            ipf
                            .
                            ptcp
                            -
                            m | m
                            -
                            cop | 
                    
                        | ‘Ali is looking for his keys.’ | 
                    
                        | Note: This is a transitive verb. The bi-nominative construction is triggered by the progressive construction. | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Azerbaijani
            axtarmaq
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Aslan | açar-lar-ı | axtar-ır | 
                    
                        | pn | key-
                            pl
                            -
                            acc | look_for-
                            ipfv
                            (3) | 
                    
                        | ‘Aslan is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Bafut
            lɔ̀ɔ̀
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | àmbɛ́ | à | lɔ̀ɔ̀ | bɨ̀-kwáʔà | bàʔà | dʒí | 
                    
                        | pn | sm | look | pl
                            -opener | door | his | 
                    
                        | ‘Ambe is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Bambara
            ɲíni
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Sékù | bɛ́_kà | kónɲin` | ɲíni | 
                    
                        | pn | prog | key\
                            art | search | 
                    
                        | ‘Seku is looking for a key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Bartangi
            
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Ahmed | wix̌eӡ | talāp-t | 
                    
                        | pn | key | seek-3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Ahmed is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Belarusian
            šukać
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Alieś | šuka-je | kliuč-y | 
                    
                        | pn
                            [
                            nom
                            .
                            sg
                            ] | look_for(
                            ipfv
                            )-
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | key-
                            acc
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Ales is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Budugh
            ʕalsal
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_DIR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: DIR | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | aslan | heçer-boxun | ʕalsal-a'vi | 
                    
                        | pn | key-
                            pl
                            .
                            dir | m
                            .walk.
                            ipfv
                            -
                            prog | 
                    
                        | ‘Aslan is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Bulgarian
            tărsya
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Petăr | tărsi | klyuchove-te | 
                    
                        | pn | look_for(
                            ipfv
                            ).
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | key.
                            pl
                            -
                            def
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Petar is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Catalan
            buscar
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | en | Pere | està | busc-ant | les | seves | clau-s | 
                    
                        | def
                            .
                            sg
                            .
                            m | pn
                            (
                            m
                            ) | be.3
                            sg
                            .
                            prs
                            .
                            ind | seek-
                            ger | def
                            .
                            pl
                            .
                            f | poss
                            .3.
                            f
                            .
                            pl | key.(
                            f
                            )-
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Pere is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Chechen
            laxa
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: ABS | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Islam-as | doogha-nash | loexu | 
                    
                        | i
                            -
                            erg | key-
                            pl
                            .
                            abs | search.
                            prs | 
                    
                        | ‘Islam is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Chinese (Mandarin)
            zhǎo
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Zhāngsān | zài | zhǎo | tā-de | yàoshi | 
                    
                        | pn | prog | look_for | he-
                            de | key | 
                    
                        | ‘Zhangsan is looking for his key(s).’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Chirag
            b-ujčːi
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: ABS | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | ʡa̰li-le | gilaw-me | d-ujkː-le | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            erg | key-
                            pl
                            (
                            abs
                            ) | n
                            .
                            pl
                            -look.for:
                            ipf
                            -
                            dur
                            .
                            res
                            .3 | 
                    
                        | ‘Ali is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Croatian
            tražiti
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Per-o | traži | ključ-eve | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            nom
                            .
                            sg | look.for(
                            ipfv
                            ).
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | key-
                            acc
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Pero is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Czech
            hledat
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Petr | hledá | klíč-e | 
                    
                        | pn
                            (
                            m
                            )[
                            nom
                            .
                            sg
                            ] | look_for(
                            ipfv
                            ).
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | key(
                            m
                            )-
                            acc
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Petr is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Danish
            lede
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ_efter | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: efter | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Peter | lede-r | efter | sin-e | nøgle-r | 
                    
                        | pn | search-
                            prs | after | poss
                            .
                            refl
                            .
                            c
                            -
                            pl | key(
                            c
                            )-
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Peter is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Dargwa (Itsari)
            ubc'-anaj
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            ABS_POST.EL | 
                    
                        | X: ABS | 
                    
                        | Y: POST.EL | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Islam | umx-n-a-ha-r | ubc'-a=ca-w | 
                    
                        | pn
                            (
                            abs
                            ) | key-
                            pl
                            -
                            obl
                            -
                            post
                            -
                            el | look_for.
                            ipfv
                            -
                            prs
                            =
                            cop
                            -
                            m | 
                    
                        | ‘Islam is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Dargwa (Kadar)
            umc'-es / umc'-es
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_SUPER | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: SUPER | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | meħamad | ibxan-t-i-ke | umc'-u-le | 
                    
                        | pn | key-
                            pl
                            -
                            obl
                            -
                            super | search.
                            ipfv
                            -
                            prs
                            -
                            cvb | 
                    
                        | ‘Muhammad is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Dargwa (Kaytag)
            q:aˁjc’vaxara
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_SUPER | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: SUPER | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Petja | umxnal-ži | q:aˁjc’vax-ul=ca | 
                    
                        | pn | keys.
                            obl
                            -
                            super | m
                            .look_for-
                            prog
                            .
                            cvb
                            =
                            cop
                            (3) | 
                    
                        | ‘Petja is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Dargwa (Kubachi)
            
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_DAT | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: DAT | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | gal | umxu-l-i | umc'-ul=saw | 
                    
                        | boy | key-
                            obl
                            -
                            dat | (
                            m
                            )search-
                            prog
                            .
                            cnv
                            =
                            cop
                            :
                            m
                            (3) | 
                    
                        | ‘The boy is looking for his key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Dargwa (Tsudakhar)
            hitːe b-aš-iz
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_SUPER(LAT) | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: SUPER(LAT) | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | uršːi | umxu-ja | hitːi | w-ax-ule=saj | 
                    
                        | boy | key-
                            super
                            (
                            lat
                            ) | post
                            (after) | m
                            -walk-
                            prog
                            .
                            cnv
                            =
                            cop
                            :
                            m
                            (3) | 
                    
                        | ‘The boy is looking for his key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Dargwa (Tsugni)
            hitːe b-aš-i
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_POST | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: POST | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | durħaˤ | umxːu-gitːe | hitːe | w-ax-ule=caj | 
                    
                        | boy | key-
                            post | post
                            (after) | m
                            -walk-
                            cnv
                            .
                            prog
                            =
                            cop
                            :
                            m
                            (3) | 
                    
                        | ‘The boy is looking for his key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Dutch
            zoeken
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Piet | zoek-t | de | sleutel-s | 
                    
                        | pn
                            (С) | look.for-3
                            sg | art
                            .
                            def
                            .
                            c | key(С)-
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Piet is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Enets (Forest)
            per
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: OBL | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | modʲi | kasa-jʔ | poga-da | peŋa | 
                    
                        | i | man-
                            nom
                            .
                            sg
                            .1
                            sg | fishing_net-
                            obl
                            .
                            sg
                            .3
                            sg | look_for(
                            ipfv
                            ).3
                            sg
                            .
                            s | 
                    
                        | ‘My friend is looking for his fishing net’. | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            English
            look
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ_for | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: for | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Peter | is | looking | for | his | keys. | 
                    
                        |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
                    
                        |  | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Estonian
            otsima
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_PART | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: PART | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Peeter | otsi-b | oma | võtme-id | 
                    
                        | pn
                            .
                            sg
                            .
                            nom | search-
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | poss
                            .
                            refl | key-
                            pl
                            .
                            part | 
                    
                        | ‘Peeter is searching for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Finnish
            etsiä
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_PART | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: PART | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Pekka | etsi-i | avaim-ia-an | 
                    
                        | pn
                            .
                            nom | look.for-
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | key-
                            part
                            .
                            pl
                            -
                            poss
                            .3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Pekka is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            French
            chercher
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Paul | cherche | ses | clef-s | 
                    
                        | pn
                            (
                            m
                            ) | look_for.
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | one’s.
                            pl | key(
                            f
                            )-
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Paul is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Gascon
            cerca
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Pau | cerca | las | clau-s | 
                    
                        | pn | look_for.
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | def
                            .
                            pl
                            .
                            f | key-
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Pau is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Gban
            kḭ̏ȁ̰
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ_nen | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: nen | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Zá̰ | ‶ | kḭ̏ȁ̰ | lȁklé | nɛ̰̏ | 
                    
                        | pn | 3
                            sg | ipfv
                            \look_for | key | at | 
                    
                        | ‘Zan is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Georgian
            Ø-e-ʒeb-s (PRS)
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_DAT | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: DAT | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | p'et're-Ø | gasaγeb-s | Ø-e-ʒeb-s | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            nom | key-
                            dat | do
                            3-
                            ver
                            :
                            r
                            -look_for- 
                            s
                            3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Petre is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            German
            suchen
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Karl | such-t | sein-en | Schlüssel | 
                    
                        | pn
                            [
                            nom
                            .
                            sg
                            ] | search-
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | his-
                            m
                            .
                            acc
                            .
                            sg | key[
                            acc
                            .
                            sg
                            ] | 
                    
                        | ‘Karl is looking for his key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Hebrew (modern)
            meχapes
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Pinχas | meχapes | et | ha | mafteχ-ot | ʃel-o | 
                    
                        | pn | search[
                            ptcp
                            .
                            sg
                            .
                            m
                            ] | do | def | key-
                            pl | poss
                            -3
                            sg
                            .
                            m | 
                    
                        | ‘Pinchas is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Hindi
            khodnā
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Pratīk | apn-ī | chābiyāṁ | khod | rah-ā | hɛ | 
                    
                        | pn
                            (
                            m
                            ).
                            sg
                            .
                            dir | own-
                            f | key(
                            f
                            ).
                            pl
                            .
                            dir | search | dur
                            -
                            m
                            .
                            sg | prs
                            .3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Prateek is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Indonesian (standard)
            men-cari
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Abdul | men-cari | kunci | 
                    
                        | pn | act
                            -search | lock | 
                    
                        | ‘Abdul is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Irish
            lorg
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Tá | Pól | ag | lorg | a | eochr-acha. | 
                    
                        | be.
                            prs | pn | at | look_for.
                            nmlz | poss
                            .3
                            sg
                            .
                            m | key-
                            gp | 
                    
                        | ‘Pól is looking for his keys.’ | 
                    
                        | Note: The Y argument is in the GP-form because the verb is nominalized as part of the progressive construction. | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Italian
            cercare
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Leo | cerc-a | le | chiav-i | 
                    
                        | pn
                            (
                            m
                            ) | look_for-3
                            sg
                            .
                            prs | def
                            .
                            pl
                            .
                            f | key-
                            pl
                            .
                            f | 
                    
                        | ‘Leo looks for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Karata
            c’eχχaaɬa
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | ʕali | rek’ul-di | c’eχχeeda | idja | 
                    
                        | pn | key-
                            pl | look_for.
                            ipf | cop | 
                    
                        | ‘Ali is looking for his keys.’ | 
                    
                        | Note: This structure is binominative because of the progressive. The verb is transitive. | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Kazakh
            izde
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Petya | kіlt | іzde-p | žür | 
                    
                        | pn | key | search-
                            cvb | go.3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Petya is looking for keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Khanty (Kazym)
            kǎnti
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | pet’a-j-en | tǒman-λ-aλ | kǎn-ǝλ | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            ep
                            -
                            poss
                            .2
                            sg | key-
                            pl
                            -
                            poss
                            .3
                            sg | look_for-
                            npst
                            [3
                            sg
                            ] | 
                    
                        | ‘Petja is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Khoekhoe
            ôa
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: OBL | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Petru-b | ge | ǁî-b | di | ǁkhowaam-gu-a | ra | ôa | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -3
                            m
                            .
                            sg | decl | 3-3
                            m
                            .
                            sg | poss | key-3
                            m
                            .
                            pl
                            -
                            obl | ipfv | look_for | 
                    
                        | ‘Peter is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Khwarshi
            k'ʷeja
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: ABS | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | šamil-i | k'ʷe-ho | leka-ba | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            erg | look.for-
                            prs | key(
                            iii
                            )-
                            pl
                            .
                            abs | 
                    
                        | ‘Shamil is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Komi-Permyak
            кошшыны
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Петя | кошш-ӧ | ключч-ез | 
                    
                        | pn | искать-
                            prs
                            .3 | ключ-
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Петя ищет ключи.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Komi-Zyrian
            korśni̮
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Pet'a | korś-e̮ | kl'uč́-jjas | 
                    
                        | pn | look_for-
                            prs
                            .3 | key-
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Petja is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Kpelle (Guinean)
            kwɛ́li
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Pépèe | káa | nàklê | kwɛ́li-ì | 
                    
                        | pn | cop | def
                            \key | look_for-
                            inf | 
                    
                        | ‘Pepee is looking for the key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Kryz (Alik)
            vabq'vara varic
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | terlan-ir | açar-bi | vadq'vara | yi-raʕaca | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            erg | lock-
                            pl
                            .
                            nom | n
                            .find.
                            cvb | do.
                            ipfv
                            -
                            prog
                            .
                            n | 
                    
                        | ‘Terlan is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Kryz (Ismayilli)
            kupkuric
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_INESSuni | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: INESSuni | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | aslan | haçar-be | ʕuni | kurkar-e | 
                    
                        | pn | key-
                            pl
                            .
                            iness | for | red
                            .
                            m
                            .search.
                            ipf
                            -
                            prs
                            .
                            m | 
                    
                        | ‘Aslan is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Kryz (proper)
            ʕoyta
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            ERG_APUD | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: APUD | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | aslan-ir | haçar-böx | ʕaytar-a | ʕaci | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            erg | key-
                            pl
                            .
                            obl
                            .
                            apud | explore.
                            ipf
                            -
                            simul | be_in.
                            n | 
                    
                        | ‘Aslan is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Kumyk
            izlemek
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | patimat | ačqɨč-la-nɨ | izle-j | 
                    
                        | pn | key-
                            pl
                            -
                            acc | search-3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Patimat is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Kurdish (Sorani)
            ger̂an
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ.INTR_le | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ.INTR | 
                    
                        | Y: le | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Hîwa | le | kilîl-ek-an=î | de-ger̂-ê | 
                    
                        | pn | from | key-
                            def
                            -
                            pl
                            =3
                            sg
                            .
                            pc | ind
                            -search.
                            prs
                            -3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Hiwa is looking for his keys.’ | 
                    
                        | Note: The 3SG.PC morpheme indexes the possessor. In the past tense, the X argument would be indexed by a verb agreement marker. | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish)
            gerîn (intr)
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ.TR_liOBL | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ.TR | 
                    
                        | Y: liOBL | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | zilam | li | kilît-ê | xwe | di-ger-e | 
                    
                        | man | at | key-
                            ez
                            .
                            pl | self | prs
                            -look_for.
                            ipfv
                            -3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘The man is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Lak (Quba)
            
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_POST | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: POST | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Maħammad | lug-la-j | ur | k’ul-d-a-χ | 
                    
                        | pn | seek-
                            ipfv
                            -
                            cvb
                            .
                            ipfv | 1.be.
                            prs
                            .3
                            p | key-
                            pl
                            -
                            obl
                            -
                            post | 
                    
                        | ‘Mohammad is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Latin
            quaero
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | haed-us | fratr-um | vestigi-a | quaer-it | 
                    
                        | goatling(
                            m
                            )-
                            nom
                            .
                            sg | brother(
                            m
                            )-
                            gen
                            .
                            pl | trace(
                            n
                            )-
                            acc
                            .
                            pl | seek[
                            prs
                            .
                            ind
                            ]-
                            act
                            .3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘The goatling searches for the traces of his brothers.’ | 
                    
                        | Note: (Man. Astronomica. V, 312) | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Laz
            o-gor-u
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Käzim-i-k | k'ola-muš-i | Ø-go(r)-um-s | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            b
                            -
                            erg | key-
                            poss
                            3-
                            nom | do
                            3-look_for-
                            sm
                            -
                            s
                            3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Käzim is looking for his key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Lezgian (Yargun)
            eqven
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_SUB/POST | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: SUB/POST | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Sahib | açaari-k | eqve-zva | 
                    
                        | pn | key.
                            pl
                            .
                            obl
                            -
                            sub
                            /
                            post | search.
                            pfv
                            /
                            ipfv
                            -
                            prs | 
                    
                        | ‘Sahib is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Macedonian
            bara
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Petar | gi | bara | klučevi-te | 
                    
                        | pn | pro
                            .3
                            pl
                            .
                            acc | look_for(
                            ipfv
                            ).
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | key.
                            pl
                            -
                            art
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Petar is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Maltese
            fittex
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Ġwanni | jfittex | iċ-ċwievet | 
                    
                        | pn | search.
                            ipf
                            .
                            m
                            .3
                            sg | def
                            -keys | 
                    
                        | ‘Ġwanni is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Maninka (Eastern)
            ɲínin
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Sékù | yé | kóɲin` | ɲínin-na. | 
                    
                        | pn | be | key\
                            art | seek-
                            inf
                            .
                            la | 
                    
                        | ‘Seku looks for a key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Mano
            nāā
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | lɛ̄ | là | nɛ́ | nāā-pɛ̀lɛ̀ | 
                    
                        | 3
                            sg
                            .
                            exi | 3
                            sg
                            .
                            poss | child | love-
                            inf | 
                    
                        | ‘S/he is looking for his/her child.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Mansi (Northern)
            kinsi
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | am | kins-ēj-um | mil | lōx | 
                    
                        | i | look_for-
                            npst
                            -1
                            sg | deep | backwater | 
                    
                        | ‘I am looking for deep backwater.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Mehweb
            χal -aqʼas
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Pajzula-li-ni | χal | d-iqʼ-uwe | le-r | urx-ne | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            obl
                            -
                            erg | search | npl
                            -do:
                            ipfv
                            -
                            cvb | be-
                            npl | key-
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Pajzula is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Mingrelian
            Ø-gor-un-s (PRS)
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | čelo-Ø | muš | k'ila-s | Ø-gor-un-s=u | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            nom | refl
                            .
                            poss | key-
                            dat | do
                            3-look_for-
                            sm
                            -
                            s
                            3
                            sg
                            =
                            ev | 
                    
                        | ‘Chelo is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Nanai
            gələgu-
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: OBL | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Petia | anako-wa | gələ-gu-j-ni | 
                    
                        | pn | key-
                            obl | ask-
                            rep
                            -
                            npst
                            -
                            p
                            .3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Petia is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Nivkh
            ŋanɣt
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Kaskazik | pitɣəŋ | + | ŋanɣ-t | 
                    
                        | pn | book | + | look.for-
                            ind | 
                    
                        | ‘Kaskazik is looking for the book.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Norwegian Bokmål
            å lete
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ_etter | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: etter | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Per | lete-r | etter | nøkl-ene | 
                    
                        | pn | seek-
                            prs | after | key-
                            def
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Per is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Oromo (West Central)
            barbaada
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ABS | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | obsaa-n | furtuu-wwan | isaa | barbaad-aa | dʒir-a | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            nom | key-
                            pl
                            .
                            abs | 3
                            sg
                            .
                            m
                            .
                            poss | look_for-
                            prog | aux
                            -3
                            sg
                            .
                            m
                            .
                            npst | 
                    
                        | ‘Obsa is looking for his keys,’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Persian
            gaštan
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_donbal.IZAF.NOM | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: donbal.IZAF.NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | ahmad | donbāl-e | kelīd-aš | mī-gard-ad | 
                    
                        | pn | behind-
                            izaf | key-
                            encl
                            .3
                            sg | cont
                            -walk.
                            prs
                            -3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Ahmad is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Polish
            szukać
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_GEN | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: GEN | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Sylwi-a | szuka | klucz-y | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            nom
                            .
                            sg | look_for:
                            ipfv
                            .
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | key-
                            gen
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Sylwia is looking for her keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Portuguese (Brazilian)
            procurar
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Pedro | está | procur-ando | a-s | chave-s | 
                    
                        | pn
                            (
                            m
                            ) | cop
                            _
                            prog
                            .3
                            sg
                            .
                            prs | seek-
                            prog | def
                            .
                            f
                            -
                            pl | key(
                            f
                            )-
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Pedro is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Romani (Kalderash)
            rodel
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | o | Murš-a | rod-el | le | te-i | 
                    
                        | art
                            .
                            m
                            .
                            dir
                            .
                            sg | pn
                            -
                            nom
                            .
                            sg | look_for-
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | art
                            .
                            pl | key-
                            acc
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Murša is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Romanian
            a căuta
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Petru | își | caută | che-ile | 
                    
                        | pn | refl
                            .
                            dat | look_for.
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | key-
                            def
                            .
                            pl
                            .
                            dir | 
                    
                        | ‘Petru is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Russian
            iskatʹ
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Pet-ja | išč-et | ključ-i | 
                    
                        | pn
                            (
                            m
                            )-
                            nom
                            .
                            sg | look_for(
                            ipfv
                            )-
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | key(
                            m
                            )-
                            acc
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Petja is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Rutul (Kina)
            aramiš haɁara
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | rasul-a | güleg-mar | aramiš | haɁa-r=a | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            erg | key-
                            pl
                            (
                            nom
                            ) | seek | npl
                            .do.
                            pfv
                            -
                            cvb
                            =be | 
                    
                        | ‘Rasul is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Rutul (Mukhad)
            haqhagun
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | murad-a | ačar | haqhabgu-ra | a | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            erg | key(
                            a
                            ) | a
                            .seek.
                            ipf
                            -
                            simul | be_in | 
                    
                        | ‘Murad is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Rutul (Myukhrek)
            
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | duxvar-a | k'ıl-dı | gileg | t'alap' | haʔa-r | 
                    
                        | son.
                            obl
                            -
                            erg | small-
                            attr | key | search | n
                            .do.
                            ipf
                            -
                            cv | 
                    
                        | ‘The son is looking for his key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Rutul (Shin-Borch)
            harsın
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | murad-a | aˤçaˤr-bı | harsa-r | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            erg | key-
                            pl
                            .
                            nom | n
                            .
                            ipf
                            .search-
                            prs | 
                    
                        | ‘Murad is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Rutul (Shinaz)
            harsɨ-n
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_APUD | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: APUD | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | basir | harsa-r | a | gülej-maši-χda | 
                    
                        | pn | m
                            .
                            ipf
                            .look_for-
                            simul | exist | key-
                            pl
                            .
                            obl
                            -
                            apud | 
                    
                        | ‘Basir is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Saami (Skolt)
            ooccâd
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Peâtt | lij | oocc-men | suu | lokkčouddj-id | 
                    
                        | pn
                            .
                            sg
                            .
                            nom | be.
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | seek-
                            prog
                            .
                            ptcp | 3
                            sg
                            .
                            gen | key-
                            pl
                            .
                            acc | 
                    
                        | ‘Pete is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Sagada
            keda
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: ABS | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | pataħ-e | k’e-x | rekar-bi | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            erg | look_for-
                            prs | key-
                            pl
                            .
                            abs | 
                    
                        | ‘Patax is looking for the key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Serbian
            tražiti
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Petar | traži | ključ-eve | 
                    
                        | pn
                            .
                            nom
                            .
                            sg | look.for.
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | key-
                            acc
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Petar is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Shughni
            x̌ikīdow
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM.CL | 
                    
                        | Y: OBL | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Azim | xu | wix̌īӡ-en | x̌ikīr-t | 
                    
                        | pn | refl | key-
                            pl | look.for-3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Azim is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Slovak
            hľadať
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Peter | hľadá | svoj-e | kľúč-e | 
                    
                        | pn
                            (
                            m
                            )[
                            nom
                            .
                            sg
                            ] | look_for(
                            ipfv
                            ).
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | one's-
                            acc
                            .
                            pl | key(
                            m
                            )-
                            acc
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Peter is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Slovenian
            iskati
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | An-a | išče | ključ-e | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            nom
                            .
                            sg | look_for:
                            ipfv
                            .
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | key-
                            acc
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Ana is looking for her keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Spanish
            buscar
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Pedro | busc-a | la-s | llave-s | 
                    
                        | pn
                            [
                            sg
                            .
                            m
                            ] | look_for-
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | art
                            .
                            def
                            .
                            f
                            -
                            pl | key[
                            sg
                            .
                            f
                            ]-
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Pedro is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Svan
            x-e-txeːl-i (PRS)
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_DAT | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: DAT | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | maizer-Ø | k'ǝl-ar-s | x-e-txeːl-i | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            nom | key-
                            pl
                            -
                            dat | io
                            3-
                            ver
                            :
                            r
                            -look_for-
                            prs | 
                    
                        | ‘Maizer is looking for (his) keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Swedish
            att leta
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ_efter | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: efter | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Björn | leta-r | efter | sina | nyckl-ar | 
                    
                        | pn | seek-
                            prs | after | poss
                            .
                            refl
                            .
                            pl | key-
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Björn is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Tabasaran (Kandyk)
            
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            ABS_POST | 
                    
                        | X: ABS | 
                    
                        | Y: POST | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | maˁhaˁmad | ǯülher.i-q | lic-ura | 
                    
                        | pn
                            (
                            abs
                            ) | key-
                            post | (
                            h
                            .
                            sg
                            )look.for-
                            prs | 
                    
                        | ‘Mahamad is looking for his key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Tagalog
            hanapin
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ACT | 
                    
                        | Y: UND | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | h<in>a~hanap | ni | Pedro | ang | kaniya-ng | susi | 
                    
                        | <
                            pv
                            >
                            ipfv
                            ~find | pers
                            .
                            gen | pn | subj | 3.
                            sg
                            .
                            dat
                            -
                            lin | keys | 
                    
                        | ‘Pedro is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Telugu
            vetuku
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            NOM_OBLkosamu | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: OBLkosamu | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | pravīṇ | tāḷaṁcēvu-la | kōsamu | vetukutunnāḍu | 
                    
                        | pn
                            (
                            m
                            ).
                            sg
                            .
                            nom | key(
                            n
                            )-
                            pl
                            .
                            obl | for | search.
                            dur
                            .3
                            sg
                            .
                            m | 
                    
                        | ‘Praveen is looking for the keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Tsakhur
            t’abal haʔiy
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: NOM | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | murad-ee | mık’ey-bı | t’abal | haʔa | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            erg | key-
                            pl
                            .
                            nom | search | n
                            .do.
                            ipf | 
                    
                        | ‘Murad is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Tswana
            batla
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | ke-batl-a | se-lotlolo | sa-me | 
                    
                        | s
                            i
                            :1
                            sg
                            -look.for-
                            fv | sg
                            -key(7) | cl7.
                            gen
                            -1
                            sg
                            .
                            pro | 
                    
                        | ‘I am looking for my key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Turkish
            aramak
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Mehmet | anahtar-lar-ı | arı-yor | 
                    
                        | pn | key-
                            pl
                            -
                            acc | search-
                            prs | 
                    
                        | ‘Mehmet is looking for his keys’. | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Turoyo
            korəx
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ.SS_7al | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ.SS | 
                    
                        | Y: 7al | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Gabriyel | ko-korəx | ʕal | a | qliḏ-ayḏe | 
                    
                        | pn | prs
                            -look.
                            ipfv
                            .3
                            m | on | art
                            .
                            pl | key-
                            p
                            .3
                            m | 
                    
                        | ‘Gabriyel is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Twi
            hwehwε
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: DO | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Kofi | re-hwehwε | ne | safoa | 
                    
                        | pn | prog
                            -look | 3
                            sg
                            .
                            poss | key | 
                    
                        | ‘Kofi is looking for his key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Udi
            qə̌veśes
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: ERG | 
                    
                        | Y: ABS/DAT | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Onik'-en | açar-a=ne | qə̌v-ě-sa | 
                    
                        | pn
                            -
                            erg | key-
                            dat
                            =3
                            sg | look_for-
                            lv
                            -
                            prs | 
                    
                        | ‘Onik is looking for the key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Udmurt
            utč́ani̮
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Pet'a | uśton-ez | utč́a | 
                    
                        | pn
                            .
                            nom | key-
                            acc | search.
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Petja is looking for the key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Ukrainian
            šukaty
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Petr-o | šukaj-e | ključ-i | 
                    
                        | pn
                            (
                            m
                            )-
                            nom
                            .
                            sg | look_for(
                            ipfv
                            )-
                            prs
                            .3
                            sg | key(
                            m
                            )-
                            acc
                            .
                            pl | 
                    
                        | ‘Petro is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Ulcha
            gələǯu-
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | xusə | piktə | aŋaqo-wa | gələ-ǯ-i-ni | 
                    
                        | male | child | key-
                            acc | search-
                            rep
                            -
                            prs
                            -3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘The boy is looking for his key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Uzbek
            qidirmoq
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Petya | kalit | qidir-yab-ti | 
                    
                        | pn | key | search-
                            prs
                            1-3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Petja is looking for his keys.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Wolof
            wut
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ | 
                    
                        | Y: OBJ | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | dama-y | wut | sama | caabi | 
                    
                        | f
                            oc
                            v
                            .s
                            i
                            :1
                            sg
                            -
                            incpl | look.for | poss
                            :1
                            sg | key(
                            j
                            ) | 
                    
                        | ‘I am looking for my key.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Yukaghir (Northern)
            waŋči=
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            TR | 
                    
                        | X: NOM | 
                    
                        | Y: ACC | 
                    
                        | Locus: TR | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | Sǝmiǝn | mа̄čǝ-lǝ | wаnči-nu-m-lǝ | 
                    
                        | pn | lasso-
                            acc | look_for-
                            ipf
                            -
                            tr
                            -
                            of
                            .3
                            sg | 
                    
                        | ‘Semien is looking for his lasso.’ | 
                
             
         
     
    
        
            Zazaki
            
        
        
            
                
                    
                        | Valency pattern:
                            SBJ.INTR_ro.PREP | 
                    
                        | X: SBJ.INTR | 
                    
                        | Y: ro.PREP | 
                    
                        | Locus: Y | 
                
             
            
                
                    
                        | o | ro=kɨlid-an-e | xo | ɡɛr-en-o | 
                    
                        | 3
                            sg
                            .
                            m
                            .
                            abs | to=key-
                            pl
                            .
                            obl
                            -
                            ez
                            .
                            pl | refl | wander-
                            aug
                            -3
                            sg
                            .
                            m | 
                    
                        | ‘He is looking for his keys.’ |