BivalTyp

Croatian

Contributed by Mislav Benić.

The data were gathered in 2018 using the Russian version of the questionnaire.

How to cite

Benić, Mislav. 2025. Bivalent patterns in Croatian. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on January 8, 2025; last revised on January 8, 2025.) (Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info, Accessed on )

Basic info

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain boljeti

Valency pattern: ACC_NOM
X: ACC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Per-u boli glav-a
pn - acc . sg ache. prs .3 sg head- nom . sg
‘Pero has a headache.’

2. have (illness) imati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o ima grip-u
pn - nom . sg have. prs .3 sg flu- acc . sg
‘Pero has the flu.’

3. be afraid bojati se

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Per-o se boji ps-a
pn - nom . sg refl be_afraid. prs .3 sg dog- gen . sg
‘Pero is afraid of the dog.’

4. throw baciti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je baci-o kamen
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg throw- part . perf . m . sg stone[ acc . sg ]
‘Pero threw a stone.’

5. have enough imati dosta

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Per-o ima dosta novac-a
pn - nom . sg have. prs .3 sg enough money- gen . pl
‘Pero has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

6. resemble biti sličan

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o je sličan Mihael-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg similar. nom . sg . m pn - dat . sg
‘Pero resembles Mihael.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

7. believe vjerovati

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o vjeruje Miš-i
pn - nom . sg believe. prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg
‘Pero believes Miša.’

8. take uzeti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je uze-o knjig-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg take- part . perf . m . sg book- acc . sg
‘Pero took a book.’

9. see vidjeti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o vidi kuć-u
pn - nom . sg see. prs .3 sg house- acc . sg
‘Pero sees a house.’

10. influence utjecati

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
dob utječe na pamćenj-e
age[ nom . sg ] influence. prs .3 sg on memory- acc . sg
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter sresti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je sre-o Miš-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg meet- part . perf . m . sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero encountered Miša.’

12. enter ući

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
Per-o je uša-o u kuć-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg enter- part . perf . m . sg in house- acc . sg
‘Pero entered the house.’

13. win pobijediti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je pobijedi-o Miš-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg win- part . perf . m . sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero beat Miša.’

14. go out izaći

Valency pattern: NOM_izGEN
X: NOM
Y: izGEN
Locus: Y
Per-o je izaša-o iz kuć-e
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg go_out- part . perf . m . sg from house- gen . sg
‘Pero went out of the house.’

15. drive tjerati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o tjera krav-u
pn - nom . sg drive. prs .3 sg cow- acc . sg
‘Pero is driving the cow.’

16. bend saviti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je savi-o gran-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg bend- part . perf . m . sg branch- acc . sg
‘Pero bent the branch.’

17. tell reći

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o je reka-o Miš-i: …
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg tell- part . perf . m . sg pn - dat . sg
‘Pero told Miša: ...’

18. hold držati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o drži knjig-u
pn - nom . sg hold. prs .3 sg book- acc . sg
‘Pero is holding a book.’

19. catch up stići

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je stiga-o Marij-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg catch.up- part . perf . m . sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero caught up with Marija.’

20. milk pomuzati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je pomuza-o krav-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg milk- part . perf . m . sg cow- acc . sg
‘Pero milked the cow.’

21. reach doći

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
Per-o je doša-o do obal-e
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg reach- part . perf . m . sg up_to shore- gen . sg
‘Pero reached the shore.’

22. touch dodirnuti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je dodirnu-o zid
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg touch- part . perf . m . sg wall[ acc . sg ]
‘Pero touched the wall.’

23. fight tuči se

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Per-o se tuče s Miš-om
pn - nom . sg refl hit. prs .3 sg with pn - ins . sg
‘Pero is fighting with Miša.’

24. be friends družiti se

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Per-o se druži s Miš-om
pn - nom . sg refl be_friends. prs .3 sg with pn - ins . sg
‘Pero is friends with Miša.’

25. think misliti

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Per-o misli na Marij-u
pn - nom . sg think. prs .3 sg on pn - acc . sg
‘Pero is thinking about Marija.’

26. eat pojesti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je poje-o jabuk-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg eat- part . perf . m . sg apple- acc . sg
‘Pero ate an apple.’

27. fry ispeći

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je ispeka-o rib-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg fry- part . perf . m . sg fish- acc . sg
‘Pero fried the fish.’

28. wait čekati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o čeka Miš-u
pn - nom . sg wait. prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero is waiting for Miša.’

29. forget NEG + sjetiti se

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Per-o se nije sjeti-o drug-og put-a
pn - nom . sg refl neg .be. prs .3 sg remember- part . perf . m . sg other- gen . sg . m road- gen . sg
‘Pero forgot about the other road.’

30. depend ovisiti

Valency pattern: NOM_oLOC
X: NOM
Y: oLOC
Locus: Y
pamćenj-e ovisi o dob-i
memory- nom . sg depend. prs .3 sg by age- loc . sg
‘Memory depends on age.’

31. call pozvati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je pozva-o Miš-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg call- part . perf . m . sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero called Miša.’

32. get to know upoznati se

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Per-o se upozna-o s Miš-om prije godin-u dan-a
pn - nom . sg refl get.to.know- part . perf . m . sg with pn - ins . sg before year- acc . sg day- gen . pl
‘Pero got to know Miša a year ago.’

33. know poznavati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o pozna Miš-u
pn - nom . sg know. prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero knows Miša.’

34. play (instrument) svirati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o svira gitar-u
pn - nom . sg play. prs .3 sg guitar- acc . sg
‘Pero is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid izbjegavati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o izbjegava Miš-u
pn - nom . sg avoid. prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero avoids Miša.’

36. make napraviti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je napravi-o mišolovk-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg make- part . perf . m . sg mousetrap- acc . sg
‘Pero made a mousetrap.’

37. make fun rugati se

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o se ruga Miš-i
pn - nom . sg refl make_fun. prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg
‘Pero is making fun of Miša.’

38. have imati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o ima aut-o
pn - nom . sg have. prs .3 sg car- acc . sg
‘Pero has a car.’

39. look for tražiti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o traži ključ-eve
pn - nom . sg look.for. prs .3 sg key- acc . pl
‘Pero is looking for his keys.’

40. paint farbati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o farba ograd-u
pn - nom . sg paint. prs .3 sg fence- acc . sg
‘Pero is painting the fence.’

41. bite ugristi

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pas je ugriza-o Per-u
dog[ nom . sg ] be. prs .3 sg bite- part . perf . m . sg pn - acc . sg
‘A dog bit Pero.’

42. forfeit ostati

Valency pattern: NOM_bezGEN
X: NOM
Y: bezGEN
Locus: Y
Per-o je osta-o bez kuć-e
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg remain- part . perf . m . sg without house- gen . sg
‘Pero lost his house.’

43. try to catch hvatati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o hvata mačk-u
pn - nom . sg try.to.catch. prs .3 sg cat- acc . sg
‘Pero is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break slomiti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je slomi-o štap
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg break- part . perf . m . sg stick[ acc . sg ]
‘Pero broke a stick.’

45. flatter laskati

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o laska Marij-i
pn - nom . sg flatter. prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg
‘Pero is flattering Marija.’

46. love (person) voljeti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o voli Marij-u
pn - nom . sg love. prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero loves Marija.’

47. wave mašiti

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Per-o maše maramic-om
pn - nom . sg wave. prs .3 sg handkerchief- ins . sg . f
‘Pero is waving a handkerchief.’

48. dream maštati

Valency pattern: NOM_oLOC
X: NOM
Y: oLOC
Locus: Y
Per-o mašta o nov-om aut-u
pn - nom . sg dream. prs .3 sg by new- loc . sg . n car- loc . sg
‘Pero is dreaming of a new car.’

49. wash oprati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je opra-o šalic-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg wash- part . perf . m . sg cup- acc . sg
‘Pero washed the cup.’

50. put on obuti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je obuka-o hlač-e
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg put.on- part . perf . m . sg trousers- acc . pl
‘Pero put on his trousers.’

51. be called zvati se

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
ta stvar se zove kutij-a
this. nom . sg . m thing[ nom . sg ] refl call. prs .3 sg box- nom . sg
‘This thing is called a box.’

52. punish kazniti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je kazni-o sin-a
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg punish- part . perf . m . sg son- acc . sg
‘Pero punished his son.’

53. attack napasti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
medvjed je napa-o ribar-a
bear[ nom . sg ] be. prs .3 sg attack- part . perf . m . sg fisherman- acc . sg
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) napuniti se

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
kant-a se napuni-l-a vod-om
bucket- nom . sg . f refl fill- part . perf - f . sg water- ins . sg
‘The bucket filled with water.’

55. find naći

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je naša-o ključ-eve
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg find- part . perf . m . sg key- acc . pl
‘Pero found his keys.’

56. be short faliti

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Per-i fali jedan dolar
pn - dat . sg lack. prs .3 sg one[ nom . sg ] dollar[ nom . sg ]
‘Pero is one dollar short.’

57. hate mrziti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o mrzi Miš-u
pn - nom . sg hate. prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero hates Miša.’

58. like sviđati se

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Per-i se sviđa ta košulj-a
pn - dat . sg refl like. prs .3 sg this. nom . sg . f shirt- nom . sg
‘Pero likes this shirt.’

59. need trebati

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Per-i treba novac
pn - dat . sg be_necessary. prs .3 sg money[ nom . sg ]
‘Pero needs money.’

60. surround okruživati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
zid-ovi okružuju grad
wall- nom . pl surround. prs .3 pl city[ acc . sg ]
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain ostati

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Per-i je osta-l-o deset dolar-a
pn - dat . sg be. prs .3 sg remain- part . perf - n . sg ten dollar- gen . pl
‘Pero has ten dollars left.’

62. answer odgovoriti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o je odgovori-o učitelj-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg answer- part . perf . m . sg teacher- dat . sg
‘Pero answered the teacher.’

63. open otvoriti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je otvori-o konzerv-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg open- part . perf . m . sg can- acc
‘Pero opened a can.’

64. be different biti drukčiji

Valency pattern: NOM_odGEN
X: NOM
Y: odGEN
Locus: Y
moj-a košulj-a je drukčij-a od tvoj-e
my- nom . sg . f shirt- nom . sg refl be. prs .3 sg different- nom . sg . f from your- gen . sg . f
‘My shirt is different from yours.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

65. fall behind zaostati

Valency pattern: NOM_zaINS
X: NOM
Y: zaINS
Locus: Y
Per-o je zaosta-o za Miš-om
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg fall.behind- part . perf . m . sg behind pn - ins . sg
‘Pero fell behind Miša.’

66. plough orati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o ore polj-e
pn - nom . sg plough. prs .3 sg field- acc . sg
‘Pero is ploughing the field.’

67. smell smrdjeti

Valency pattern: NOM_poLOC
X: NOM
Y: poLOC
Locus: Y
ruk-e mi smrde po benzin-u
hand- nom . pl i . dat smell. prs .3 pl along gasoline- loc . sg
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’

68. cross prijeći

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je preša-o cest-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg cross- part . perf . m . sg street- acc . sg
‘Pero crossed the road.’

69. sing otpjevati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je otpjeva-o lijep-u pjesm-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg sing- part . perf . m . sg beautiful- acc . sg . f song- acc . sg
‘Pero sang a beautiful song.’

70. write napisati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je napisa-o pism-o
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg write- part . perf . m . sg letter- acc . sg
‘Pero wrote a letter.’

71. drink popiti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je popi-o mlijek-o
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg drink- part . perf . m . sg milk- acc . sg
‘Pero drank the milk.’

72. melt otopiti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je otopi-o komad olov-a
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg melt- part . perf . m . sg piece[ acc . sg ] lead- gen . sg
‘Pero melted a piece of lead.’

73. match ići

Valency pattern: NOM_uzACC
X: NOM
Y: uzACC
Locus: Y
ovaj kaiš mi ide uz haljin-u
this. nom . sg . m belt[ nom . sg ] i . dat go. prs .3 sg near dress- acc . sg
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave napustiti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je napusti-o rodn-i grad
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg leave- part . perf . m . sg native- acc . sg . m city[ acc . sg ]
‘Pero left his native city.’

75. cover pokriti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
tepih pokriva sav pod
carpet[ nom . sg ] cover. prs .3 sg all. acc . sg . m floor[ acc . sg ]
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember sjećati se

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Per-o se dobro sjeća kuć-e
pn - nom . sg refl well remember. prs .3 sg house- gen . sg
‘Pero remembers the house well.’

77. help pomoći

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o je pomoga-o Miš-i
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg help- part . perf . m . sg pn - dat . sg
‘Pero helped Miša.’

78. understand (language) razumjeti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o razumije francusk-i
pn - nom . sg understand. prs .3 sg f rench- acc . sg . m
‘Pero understands French.’

79. hit (target) pogoditi

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
munj-a je pogodi-l-a kuć-u
lightning- nom . sg be. prs .3 sg hit- part . perf - f . sg house- acc . sg
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself porezati se

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Per-o se poreza-o britv-om
pn - nom . sg refl cut- part . perf . m . sg razor- ins . sg
‘Pero cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck zalijepiti se

Valency pattern: NOM_zaACC
X: NOM
Y: zaACC
Locus: Y
čaš-a se zalijepi-l-a za stol
glass- nom . sg refl stick- part . perf - f . sg behind table[ acc . sg ]
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) izgubiti

Valency pattern: NOM_odGEN
X: NOM
Y: odGEN
Locus: Y
Per-o je izgubi-o od Miš-e
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg lose- part . perf . m . sg from pn - gen . sg
‘Pero lost to Miša.’

83. be glad obradovati se

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o se obradova-o pism-u
pn - nom . sg refl gladden- part . perf . m . sg letter- dat . sg
‘Pero was glad about the letter.’

84. speak pričati

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Per-o priča s Miš-om
pn - nom . sg speak. prs .3 sg with pn - ins . sg
‘Pero is speaking with Miša.’

85. give birth roditi

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Marij-a je rodi-l-a sin-a
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg give.birth- part . perf - f . sg son- acc . sg
‘Marija gave birth to a son.’

86. drop ispasti

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Per-i je ispa-l-a čaš-a
pn - dat . sg be. prs .3 sg fall_down- part . perf - f . sg glass- nom . sg
‘Pero dropped the glass.’

87. govern biti načelnik

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Per-o je načelnik naš-eg sel-a
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg boss[ nom . sg ] our- gen . sg . n village- gen . sg
‘Pero runs our village.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

88. miss faliti

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Per-i fali Marij-a
pn - dat . sg miss. prs .3 sg pn - nom . sg
‘Pero misses Marija.’

89. follow ići

Valency pattern: NOM_zaINS
X: NOM
Y: zaINS
Locus: Y
Per-o ide za Miš-om
pn - nom . sg go. prs .3 sg behind pn - ins . sg
‘Pero follows Miša.’

90. dismount sići

Valency pattern: NOM_sGEN
X: NOM
Y: sGEN
Locus: Y
Per-o je siša-o s konj-a
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg go_down- part . perf . m . sg from_on horse- gen . sg
‘Pero got down from the horse.’

91. listen slušati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o sluša radi-o
pn - nom . sg listen. prs .3 sg radio- acc . sg
‘Pero is listening to radio.’

92. obey slušati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o sluša mam-u
pn - nom . sg listen. prs .3 sg mother- acc . sg
‘Pero obeys his mother.’

93. hear čuti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o čuje muzik-u
pn - nom . sg hear. prs .3 sg music- acc . sg
‘Pero hears the music.’

94. mix pomiješati se

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
med se pomiješa-o s mlijek-om
honey[ nom . sg ] refl mix- part . perf . m . sg with milk- ins . sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look gledati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o gleda oblak-e
pn - nom . sg look. prs .3 sg cloud- acc . pl
‘Pero is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off skinuti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je skinu-o košulj-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg put_off- part . perf . m . sg shirt- acc . sg
‘Pero took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) sanjati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o sanja Marij-u
pn - nom . sg see_in_dream. prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero dreams about Marija.’

98. agree složiti se

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Per-o se složi-o s Marij-om
pn - nom . sg refl unite- part . perf . m . sg with pn - ins . sg
‘Pero agreed with Marija.’

99. have a quarrel posvađati se

Valency pattern: NOM_sINS
X: NOM
Y: sINS
Locus: Y
Per-o se posvađa-o s Marij-om
pn - nom . sg refl quarrel- part . perf . m . sg with pn - ins . sg
‘Pero had a quarrel with Marija.’

100. cost koštati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ta šalic-a košta jedn-u kun-u
this. nom . sg . f cup- nom . sg cost. prs .3 sg one- acc . sg . f kuna- acc . sg
‘This cup costs one kuna.’

101. shoot at *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

102. pour nasipati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je nasipa-o šećer
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg put- part . perf . m . sg sugar[ acc . sg ]
‘Pero poured the sugar.’

103. lose izgubiti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je izgubi-o ključ-eve
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg lose- part . perf . m . sg key- acc . pl
‘Pero lost his keys.’

104. sink potonuti

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
cjepanic-a je potonu-l-a u vod-u
log- nom . sg be. prs .3 sg sink- part . perf - f . sg in water- acc . sg
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill ubiti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je ubi-o Miš-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg kill- part . perf . m . sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero killed Miša.’

106. hit udariti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je udari-o Miš-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg hit- part . perf . m . sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero hit Miša.’

107. kiss poljubiti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je poljubi-o Marij-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg kiss- part . perf . m . sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero kissed Marija.’

108. read pročitati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je pročita-o zanimljiv-u knjig-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg read- part . perf . m . sg interesting- acc . sg . f book- acc . sg
‘Pero read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) pomaknuti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je pomaknu-o prst
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg move- part . perf . m . sg finger[ acc . sg ]
‘Pero moved his finger.’
Note: This sentence is semantically slightly different from the stimulus.

110. respect cijeniti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o cijeni Miš-u
pn - nom . sg respect. prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero respects Miša.’

111. be squeamish gaditi se

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Per-i se gadi prljav-o suđ-e
pn - dat . sg refl disgust. prs .3 sg dirty- nom . sg . n dishes- nom . sg
‘Pero is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content biti zadovoljan

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Per-o je zadovoljan svoj-im sin-om
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg content. nom . sg . m one’s- ins . sg . m son- ins . sg
‘Pero is satisfied with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

113. fall in love zaljubiti se

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
Per-o se zaljubi-o u Marij-u
pn - nom . sg refl fall.in.love- part . perf . m . sg in pn - acc . sg
‘Pero fell in love with Marija.’

114. trust imati povjerenje

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
Per-o ima povjerenj-a u Marij-u
pn - nom . sg have. prs .3 sg trust- acc . sg in pn - acc . sg
‘Pero trusts Marija.’

115. sympathise biti žao

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Per-i je žao majk-e
pn - dat . sg be. prs .3 sg pity mother- gen . sg
‘Pero sympathises with his mother.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

116. envy zaviditi

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o zavidi Miš-i
pn - nom . sg envy. prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg
‘Pero envies Miša.’

117. be angry ljutiti se

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Per-o se ljuti na Miš-u
pn - nom . sg refl anger. prs .3 sg on pn - acc . sg
‘Pero is angry with Miša.’

118. be surprised iznenaditi se

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o se iznenadi-o ov-om poklon-u
pn - nom . sg refl surprise- part . perf . m . sg this- dat . sg . m gift- dat . sg
‘Pero was surprised at this gift.’

119. love (tea) voljeti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o voli čaj
pn - nom . sg like. prs .3 sg tea[ acc . sg ]
‘Pero loves tea.’

120. enjoy uživati

Valency pattern: NOM_uLOC
X: NOM
Y: uLOC
Locus: Y
Per-o uživa u vruć-em čaj-u
pn - nom . sg enjoy. prs .3 sg in hot- loc . sg . m tea- loc . sg
‘Pero enjoys hot tea.’

121. want htjeti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o hoće nov-i mobitel
pn - nom . sg want. prs .3 sg new- acc . sg . m mobile_phone[ acc . sg ]
‘Pero wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge ljutiti se

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Per-o se ljuti na Miš-u
pn - nom . sg refl anger. prs .3 sg on pn - acc . sg
‘Pero holds a grudge against Miša.’

123. take offence naljutiti se

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Per-o se naljuti-o na Miš-u
pn - nom . sg refl offend- part . perf . m . sg on pn - acc . sg
‘Pero took offence at Miša.’

124. upset razoćarati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o je jako razočara-o Miš-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg very upset- part . perf . m . sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero greatly upset Miša.’
Note: This sentence is semantically slightly different from the stimulus.

125. marvel ostati iznenađen

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Per-o je osta-o iznenađen tim grad-om
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg remain- part . perf . m . sg amaze. part . pass . nom . m . sg this. ins . sg . m city- ins . sg
‘Pero was amazed by this town.’

126. despise prezirati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o prezire Miš-u
pn - nom . sg despise. prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero despises Miša.’

127. get upset ostati razočaran

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Per-o je ostao razočaran svoj-im sin-om
pn - nom . sg refl remain- part . perf . m . sg upset. part . pass . nom . m . sg one’s- ins . sg . m son- ins . sg
‘Pero got upset because of his son.’

128. get irritated ljutiti se

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Per-o se opet ljuti na kćer
pn - nom . sg refl again anger. prs .3 sg on daughter[ acc . sg ]
‘Pero is getting irritated with his daughter again.’

129. be fond biti sklon

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o je sklon Miš-i
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg fond pn - dat . sg
‘Pero is fond of Miša.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

130. be shy stidjeti se

Valency pattern: NOM_zbogGEN
X: NOM
Y: zbogGEN
Locus: Y
Per-o se stidi zbog svoj-e visin-e
pn - nom . sg refl shame. prs .3 sg because one’s- gen . sg . f height- gen . sg
‘Pero is embarrased about his height.’