BivalTyp

‘love (person)’

Argument frame: X (love) Y
Stimulus sentence: P. loves M .
Predicate label Ru: любить#человека#
Argument frame Ru: X (любить) Y -а (сына)
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. любит М .

Abaza bzəj ba

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
murád fatíma bzə́j də-j-b-ə́j-d
pn pn well 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . m . erg -see- prs - dcl
‘Murad loves Fatima.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) ṣ̂ʷə λeʁʷə

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
č̣ʼale-m pŝaŝe-r ṣ̂ʷə j-e-λeʁʷə
guy- obl girl- abs good 3 sg . erg - dyn -see
‘The guy loves the girl.’

Aghul kːande-

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
aslan.a-s fat’ima kːande-a
pn - dat pn love- prs
‘Aslan loves Fatima.’

Akhvakh (Northern) kunuƛa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pataħi-ƛa madina kwene gidi
pn - dat pn love. simul f . cop
‘Patahi loves Madina.’

Andi (Zilo) dʒiʔ.i-r

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM
X: AFF
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pat’imati-<j>o dʒiʔ.i-r marjam
pn - aff < f > like. pst - prog pn [ f ][ nom ]
‘Patimat likes Mariam.’

Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi) ḥbb

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Abrahām yḥǝbb-a l-Maryam
pn love. ipf .3 ms - o .3 fs to- pn
‘Abraham loves Maryam.’

Arabic (Northern Syrian) ḥabb

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Aḥmad yiḥəbb Salwa
pn love. ipfv .3 m pn
‘Ahmad loves Salwa.’

Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth) ḥ.b.b

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Shadi biḥeb Reem
pn love. prs .3 m . sg pn
‘Shadi loves Reem.’

Arabic (standard) Ɂaḥabba

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Badr-un yuḥibbu Maryam-a
pn - nom love. ipf .3 m pn - acc
‘Badr loves Maryam.’

Archi ʟʼan

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
moħommad-li-s patʼimat ʟʼan-ši d-i
pn - obl - dat pn love- advz 2-be
‘Muhammad loves Patimat.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Armenian (Eastern) sirel

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: DAT~NOM
Locus: TR
Petros-ə sirum+ē Mher-i-n
pn [ nom ]- def love: prs :3 sg pn - dat - def
‘Petros loves Mher.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +bayyə

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
gavr-o +bəbah-o=lə baxt-u
man( m )- p .3 f love. prog - p .3 f =3 m woman( f )- p .3 m
‘Husband loves his wife.’
Note: Non-Urmi speaker. +bəbah is a dialect variant of the progressive stem (+byay in the Urmi dialect).

Avar boƛ’ize

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ʕali-je marjam j-oƛ’-ula
pn - dat pn f -want- ipf
‘Ali loves Marjam.’

Azerbaijani sevmək

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Aslan Leyla-nı sev-ir
pn pn - acc love- ipfv (3)
‘Aslan loves Leyla.’

Bafut kɔ̀ŋə̂

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
àmbɛ́ à kɔ̀ŋə̂ sùù
pn sm love pn
‘Ambe loves Suh.’

Bambara kànu

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù bɛ Fántà kànu
pn ipfv pn love
‘Seku loves Fanta.’

Bartangi

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Ahmed az Nizora žīw-ǰ
pn el pn love- pf
‘Ahmed loves Nizora.’
Note: This is a DOM pattern.

Belarusian liubić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś liub-ić Vasil-ja
pn [ nom . sg ] love( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Ales loves Vasil.’

Budugh yıkan yıxhar

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
aslan-ız leyla' yuko-ci
pn - dat pn ( a ) a .want. pfv - prf
‘Aslan loves Leyla.’

Bulgarian obicham

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Petăr obicha Maria
pn love( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn
‘Petar loves Maria.’

Catalan estimar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
en Pere estim-a la Maria
def . sg . m pn ( m ) love-3 sg . prs . ind def . sg . f pn ( f )
‘Pere loves Maria.’

Chechen AGR-ieza

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
Islam-ana Madina j-ieza
pn - dat pn . abs j -love. prs
‘Islam loves Madina.’

Chinese (Mandarin) ài

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān ài Lǐsì
pn love pn
‘Zhangsan loves Lisi.’

Chirag b-ikː-

Valency pattern: SUPER_ABS
X: SUPER
Y: ABS
Locus: X
ʡa̰li-l-i pat’imat r-ikː-le
pn - obl - super pn ( abs ) f . sg -love: ipf - prs . dur .3
‘Ali loves Patimat.’

Croatian voljeti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o voli Marij-u
pn - nom . sg love( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Pero loves Marija.’

Czech milovat

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr miluje Michal-a
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] love( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘Petr loves Michal.’

Danish elske

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter elske-r Marie
pn love- prs pn
‘Peter loves Marie.’

Dargwa (Itsari) B-ičː-aq-uj

Valency pattern: SUPER.LAT_ABS
X: SUPER.LAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
Islam-li-j Madina r-ikːʷ-il=ca-r
pn - obl - super ( lat ) pn ( abs ) f -want. ipfv - cvb = cop - f
‘Islam loves Madina.’

Dargwa (Kadar) dig-aq-es (IPFV)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
meħamad-i-s ʡaˤšura dig-aq-u
pn - obl - dat pn love. ipfv - caus - th
‘Muhammad loves Ashura.’

Dargwa (Kaytag) vič:aχara

Valency pattern: DATLAT_NOM
X: DATLAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petja-j Maša r-ič:uχ-u
pn - datlat pn f -love. ipf - evt
‘Petja loves Masha.’

Dargwa (Kubachi)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
gal-i aba j-ikː-ul=saw
boy- dat mother f -love/want. ipfv - prog . cnv = cop . m
‘The boy loves his mother.’

Dargwa (Tsudakhar) b-ičː-iz

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
uršːi-li-z neš r-ikː-aq-u
boy- obl - dat mother f -love- caus -3 hab . prs
‘The boy loves his mother.’

Dargwa (Tsugni) b-ičː-i

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
durħaˤ-j baba r-ikː-u
boy- dat mother f -love-3 hab . prs
‘The boy loves his mother.’

Dutch houden

Valency pattern: SBJ_van
X: SBJ
Y: van
Locus: Y
Piet houd-t van Marie
pn ( c ) hold-3 sg from pn ( c )
‘Piet loves Marie.’

Enets (Forest) kɔmita

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
modʲi kasa-jʔ nɛ-da kɔmita-za
i man- nom . sg .1 sg woman- obl . sg .3 sg like( ipfv )-3 sg . so sg
‘My friend loves his wife’.

English love

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter loves Mary.

Estonian armastama

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Peeter armasta-b Mareti-t
pn . sg . nom love- prs .3 sg pn - sg . part
‘Peeter loves Maret.’

Finnish rakastaa

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Pekka rakast-aa Matti-a
pn . nom love- prs .3 sg pn - part
‘Pekka loves Matti’

French aimer

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Paul aime Marie
pn ( m ) love. prs .3 sg pn ( f )
‘Paul loves Marie.’

Gascon aima

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
pau aima a Maria
pn love. prs .3 sg to pn
‘Pau loves Maria.’

Gban lìè … gbḭ́ ɛ̰́

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Mɔ̰̈bì ‶ lȉȅ Zá̰ gbḭ́=ɛ̰́
pn 3 sg ipfv \be_good pn lung=at
‘Zan loves Monbi.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Georgian Ø-u-q'var-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
p'et're-s mašo-Ø Ø-u-q'var-s
pn - dat pn - nom io 3- ver : o -love- s 3 sg
‘Petre loves Masho.’

German lieben

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl lieb-t Marie
pn [ nom . sg ] love- prs .3 sg pn [ acc . sg ]
‘Karl loves Marie.’

Hebrew (modern) ohev

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas ohev et Menaχem
pn love[ ptcp . sg . m ] do pn
‘Pinchas loves Menachem.’

Hindi pyār karnā

Valency pattern: ERG_ABL
X: ERG
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Pratīk Mīnakṣī se pyār kar-t-ā hɛ
pn ( m ). sg . dir pn ( f ). sg . obl abl love( m ). sg . dir do- ipfv - m . sg prs .3 sg
‘Prateek loves Meenakshi.’

Indonesian (standard) cinta

Valency pattern: SBJ_pada
X: SBJ
Y: pada
Locus: Y
Ahmad cinta pada Siti
pn love for pn
‘Ahmad loves Siti.’

Irish bí grá

Valency pattern: aige_do(PREP)
X: aige
Y: do(PREP)
Locus: XY
Tá grá aig Pól do Mháire.
be. prs love at pn for pn
‘Pól loves Máire.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Italian amare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo am-a Maria
pn ( m ) love-3 sg . prs pn ( f )
‘Leo loves Maria.’

Karata ƛ’abaɬaɬa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ʕalja marjam ƛ’ab-a
pn . dat pn love- pf
‘Ali loves Marjam.’

Kazakh süy

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-nï süy-edі
pn pn - acc love- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya loves Masha.’

Khanty (Kazym) sămǝŋa tǎjti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pet’a-j-en maša-j-ǝλ săm-ǝŋ-a tǎj-ǝλ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg pn - ep - poss .3 sg heart- attr - dat have- npst [3 sg ]
‘Petja loves Maša.’

Khoekhoe ǀnam

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petru-b ge Maria-s-a a ǀnam
pn -3 m . sg decl pn -3 f . sg - obl aux love
‘Peter loves Maria.’
Note: The verb here is a stative verb and has to be used with auxiliaries.

Khwarshi goqa

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
šamile-l goqa-ha is-a ʁini
pn - dat love- prs dem . an . o . i - gen 1 wife
‘Shamil loves his wife.’

Komi-Permyak любитны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя любит-ӧ Маша-ӧс
pn любить- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Петя любит Машу.’

Komi-Zyrian rad'ejtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a rad'ejt-e̮ Maša-e̮s
pn love- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja loves Masha.’

Kpelle (Guinean) wɛ́li káa

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Hɛ́ni wɛ́li káa Pépèe ɓà
pn love cop pn on1
‘Pepee loves Heni.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Kryz (Alik) iukvayc

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
terlan-iz leyla iukva-cu
pn - dat pn f .want. pfv - perf . f
‘Terlan loves Leyla.’

Kryz (Ismayilli) iko xhayic

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
aslan-iz leyla iko-co
pn - dat pn want. pf - perf . f
‘Aslan loves Leyla.’

Kryz (proper) ük xhiyic

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
aslan-is leyla üko-cu
pn - dat pn f .want. pf - perf . f
‘Aslan loves Leyla.’

Kumyk süjmek

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: DO
Locus: TR
patimat musa-nɨ süj-e
pn pn - acc want-3 sg
‘Patimat loves Musa.’

Kurdish (Sorani) äʂiq bûn

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Hîwa äʂiq-î Perî-î-e
pn lover- izf pn - obl -be. prs .3 sg
‘Hiwa loves Pari.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predicate.

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) hez kirin (tr)

Valency pattern: SBJ.TR_jiOBL
X: SBJ.TR
Y: jiOBL
Locus: Y
zilam ji jin-ê hez di-k-e
man from woman- obl . f love prs -do. ipfv -3 sg
‘The man loves the woman.’

Lak (Quba)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Maħammad-u-n Aˁšura χːira-r
pn - obl - dat pn love- prs .3 p
‘Mohammad loves Ashura.’

Latin amo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
tener-as ama-t ille puell-as
tender- acc . pl . f love[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg that. nom . sg . m girl( f )- acc . pl
‘He loves tender girls.’
Note: (Ov. Amores. III, 3, 25)

Laz o-Ɂor-op-u

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: NOM
Locus: TR
Käzim-i-k Fatma-Ø Ø-o(r)-om-s
pn - b - erg pn - nom do 3-love- sm - s 3 sg
‘Käzim loves Fatma.’

Lezgian (Yargun) kkan jen

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Sahib-a-z Lale kkan-zva
pn - obl - dat pn love- prs
‎‎‎‘Sahib loves Lale.’

Macedonian saka

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar ja saka Maja
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc love( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn
‘Petar loves Maja.’

Maltese ħabb

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Ġwanni jħobb lil Mary
pn love. ipf . m .3 sg to pn
‘Ġwanni loves Mary.’
Note: The preposition “lil” is not obligatory with this verb. This is an example of the DOM system.

Maninka (Eastern) dúman

Valency pattern: nye_SBJ
X: nye
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
Fántà dúman Sékù ɲɛ́.
pn pleasant pn before
‘Seku loves Fanta.’
Note: Non-verbal predication.

Mano nāā

Valency pattern: SBJ_ka
X: SBJ
Y: ka
Locus: Y
ŋ́ŋ̀ nàà ī ká
1 sg . ipfv love: ipfv 2 sg with
‘I love you.’

Mansi (Northern) ēruptite

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ɕān’-e ērupt-i-t-e āji-te
mother- poss .3 sg love- npst -3 sg . o -3 sg . s daughter- poss .3 sg
‘The mother loves her daughter.’

Mehweb -iges (IPFV)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pajzula-li-s d-ig-an Madina
pn - obl - dat f -want- hab pn
‘Pajzula loves Madina.’
Note: “-ig-” ‘want’ tends to be used with the same gender prefix d- independent of the controller; one could interpret dig- as the imperfective stem of the verb.

Mingrelian Ø-u-ʔor-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
čelo-s anučia-Ø Ø-u-ʔor-s
pn - dat pn - nom io 3- ver : o -love- s 3 sg
‘Chelo loves Anuchia.’

Nanai uləsi-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia Maša-wa uləsi-ni
pn pn - obl love. ipfv . npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia loves Masha.’

Nivkh maʁod

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik Ajsana + maʁo-d
pn pn + love- ind
‘Kaskazik loves Ajsana.’

Norwegian Bokmål å elske

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per elske-r Kari
pn love- prs pn
‘Per loves Kari.’

Oromo (West Central) dʒaallata

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
obsaa-n boontuu dʒaallat-a
pn - nom pn . abs love-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa loves Bontu.’

Persian dūst dāštan

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ahmad mariam-rā dūst dār-ad
pn pn - acc friend have. prs -3 sg
‘Ahmad loves Mariam.’

Polish kochać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Ann-a kocha Mark-a
pn - nom . sg love: ipfv . prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Anna loves Marek.’

Portuguese (Brazilian) amar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro am-a Maria
pn ( m ) love-3 sg . prs pn ( f )
‘Pedro loves Maria.’

Romani (Kalderash) phařol

Valency pattern: NOM_pala
X: NOM
Y: pala
Locus: Y
o Murš-a phařo-l pala Marijk-a
art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg desire- prs .3 sg for pn - nom . sg
‘Murša loves Marijka.’

Romanian a iubi

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petru o iubește pe Maria
pn she. dir . nant love. prs .3 sg on pn
‘Petru loves Maria.’

Russian ljubitʹ

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet-ja ljub-it Maš-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg love( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petja loves Maša.’

Rutul (Kina) qɨgara

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
rasul-u-s ǯu-du duχ q-ɨga-r=a
pn - obl - dat self.1. obl - attr son( nom ) re -1.love. ipfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul loves his son.’

Rutul (Mukhad) jıgın

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-ı-s majram rıga-ra
pn - obl - dat pn f .want. ipf - hab
‘Murad loves Majram.’

Rutul (Myukhrek)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
mırad-ıs xatun qhırga-ri
pn - dat pn f .love. ipf - prs
‘Murad loves Khatun.’

Rutul (Shin-Borch) qhırgın

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-s ayten qhırga-r
pn - dat pn f .love. ipf - prs
‘Murad loves Ayten.’

Rutul (Shinaz) rɨka-n

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
basir-ɨs rɨka-rɨ peri
pn - dat f .love. ipf - evt pn
‘Basir loves Peri.’

Saami (Skolt) räʹǩsted

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peâtt rääʹǩǩast Määʹrj
pn . sg . nom love. prs .3 sg pn . sg . acc
‘Pete loves Maria’

Sagada beta

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
paxru-r j-et-ix Asma
pn - dat ii -want- prs pn ( ii )
‘Paxru loves Asma.’

Serbian voleti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar voli Marij-u
pn . nom . sg love. prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Petar loves Maria.’

Shughni žīwǰdow

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM.CL
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Ahmed=i Saida žīwǰ
pn =3 sg pn love
‘Ahmed loves Saida.’

Slovak milovať

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter miluje Mári-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] love( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘Peter loves Maria.’

Slovenian ljubiti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
An-a ljubi Petr-a
pn - nom . sg love: ipfv . prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Ana loves Peter.’

Spanish querer

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro quier-e a María
pn [ sg . m ] love- prs .3 sg dir . obj . anm pn [ sg . f ]
‘Pedro loves Maria.’

Svan x-a-lät' (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
maizer-s lile-Ø x-a-lät'
pn - dat pn - nom io 3- ver : sup -love
‘Maizer loves Lile.’

Swedish att älska

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn älska-r Maja
pn love- prs pn
‘Björn loves Maja.’

Tabasaran (Kandyk)

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
maˁhaˁmed.a-z fatima kːun-ǯa
pn - dat pn ( abs ) love- prs
‘Mahamad loves Fatima.’

Tagalog mahalin

Valency pattern: TR
X: ACT
Y: UND
Locus: TR
m<in>a~mahal ni Pedro si Maria
< pv > ipfv ~love pers . gen pn pers . subj pn
‘Pedro loves Maria.’

Telugu prēmiṁcu

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pravīṇ madhuri-ni prēmistunnāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom pn ( f ). sg . obl - acc love. dur .3 sg . m
‘Praveen loves Madhuri.’

Tsakhur yıkkiykıniy

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-ı-s sona yıkkan
pn - obl - dat pn f .want. ipf
‘Murad loves Sona.’

Tswana rata

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kitso o-rat-a Dimpho
prn (1) s i :cl1-love- fv prn (1)
‘Kitso loves Dimpho.’

Turkish sevmek

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mehmet Filiz-i sev-iyor
pn pn - acc love- prs
‘Mehmet loves Filiz.’

Turoyo roḥəm

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Gabriyel ko-roḥəm Maryam
pn prs -love. ipfv .3 m pn
‘Gabriyel loves Maryam.’

Twi dᴐ

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kofi dᴐ nana
pn love. prs grandfather
‘Kofi loves grandfather.’

Udi çureśes

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS/DAT
Locus: TR
Anat'oli-n-en Ruslan-a çur=e=sa
pn - obl - erg pn - dat love=3 sg = lv + prs
‘Anatolij loves Ruslan.’

Udmurt jarati̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a Maša-jez jarate
pn . nom pn - acc love. prs .3 sg
‘Petja loves Masha.’

Ukrainian koxaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o koxaj-e Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg love( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro loves Mariya.’

Ulcha uləsi-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
əj xusə piktə ti əktə piktə-wə uləs-i-ni
this male child that female child- acc love- prs -3 sg
‘This boy loves that girl.’

Uzbek sevmoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-ni sev-a-di
pn pn - acc love- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja loves Maša.’

Wolof nob

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBJ
Locus: TR
Umar dafa nob Astu
pn f oc v .s i :3 sg love pn
‘Umar loves Astu.’

Yukaghir (Northern) jǝwligi=

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Sǝmiǝn Əkulˈǝ-ɣаnǝ mǝ jǝwligi-m
pn pn - acc aff love- tr .3 sg
‘Semien loves Akulina.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: SBJ.TR_ra.PSTP
X: SBJ.TR
Y: ra.PSTP
Locus: Y
mɛm zinə=ra hɛs.k-ɛn-o
pn pn =from love.do. prs - aug -3 sg . m
‘Mem loves Zine.’