BivalTyp

Komi-Zyrian

Contributed by Ekaterina Sergeeva (Academia.edu profile).

E.S.'s photo

Translations were elicited from two native speakers of Komi-Zyrian in Syktyvkar in 2013, using the Russian version of the questionnaire.

How to cite

Sergeeva, Ekaterina. 2025. Bivalent patterns in Komi-Zyrian. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on May 26, 2025; last revised on May 26, 2025.) (Available online at https://bivaltyp.info, Accessed on .)

Further details can be found in Sergeeva (2018).

Sergeeva, E. N. 2018. Markirovanie aktantov dvuxmestnyx predikatov v komi-zyryanskom literaturnom yazyke [Bivalent verbs' argument coding in standard Komi-Zyrian]. In S. S. Say (ed.). Valentnostnye klassy dvuxmestnyx predikatov v raznostrukturnyx jazykax [Bivalent valency classes in structurally diverse languages]. Saint Petersburg: ILS RAN. 339–353.

Basic info

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain висьны

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лöн вись-ö юр-ыс
pn - gen ache- prs .3 head- p .3 sg
‘Petja has a headache.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.

2. have (illness) висьны

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя вись-ö грипп-öн
pn ache- prs .3 flu- ins
‘Petja has the flu.’

3. be afraid повны

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Петя пол-ö пон.й-ысь
pn be_afraid- prs .3 dog. obl - ela
‘Petja is afraid of the dog.’

4. throw шибитны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя шибит-i-с из
pn throw- pret -3 stone
‘Petja threw a stone.’

5. have enough тырмыны

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лы тырм-ö сьöм-ыс
pn - dat suffice- prs .3 money- p .3 sg
‘Petja has enough money.’

6. resemble ветлыны

Valency pattern: NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
Петя ветл-ö Маша выл-ö
pn resemble- prs .3 pn top- ill
‘Petja resembles Masha.’

7. believe эскыны

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя эск-ö Маша-лы
pn believe- prs .3 pn - dat
‘Petja believes Masha.’

8. take босьтны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя босьт-i-с небöг
pn take- pret -3 book
‘Petja took a book.’

9. see аддзыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя аддз-ö керка
pn see- prs .3 house
‘Petja sees a house.’

10. influence тöдчыны

Valency pattern: NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
арлыд тöдч-ö вежöр выл-ö
age influence- prs .3 memory top- ill
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter паныдасьны

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя паныдас-и-с Маша-кöд
pn meet- pret -3 pn - com
‘Petja encountered Masha.’

12. enter пырны

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Петя пыр-и-с керка-ö
pn go_in- pret -3 house- ill
‘Petja entered the house.’

13. win вермыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя верм-и-с Маша-ӧс
pn win- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja beat Masha.’

14. go out петны

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Петя пет-і-с керка-ысь
pn go_out- pret -3 house- ela
‘Petja went out of the house.’

15. drive вöтлыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя вӧтл-ӧ мӧск-ӧс
pn drive- prs .3 cow- acc
‘Petja is driving the cow.’

16. bend кусыньтны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя кусыньт-і-с чаль
pn bend- pret -3 branch
‘Petja bent the branch.’

17. tell шуны

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя шу-и-с Маша-лы
pn say- pret -3 pn - dat
‘Petja told Masha.’

18. hold кутны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя кут-ӧ небӧг
pn hold- prs .3 book
‘Petja is holding a book.’

19. catch up суöдны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя суӧд-і-с Маша-ӧс
pn catch_up- prst -3 pn - acc
‘Petja caught up with Masha.’

20. milk лысьтыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя лысьт-і-с мӧс.к-ӧс
pn milk- pret -3 cow. obl - acc
‘Petja milked the cow.’

21. reach воöдчыны

Valency pattern: NOM_TERM
X: NOM
Y: TERM
Locus: Y
Петя воӧдч-и-с берег-ӧдз
pn reach- pret -3 bank- term
‘Petja reached the bank.’

22. touch инмöдчыны

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Петя инмӧдч-и-с стен.м-ӧ
pn touch- pret -3 wall. obl - ill
‘Petja touched the wall.’

23. fight тышкасьны

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя тышкась-ӧ Маша-кӧд
pn fight- prs .3 pn - com
‘Petja is fighting with Masha.’

24. be friends ёртасьны

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя ёртась-ӧ Маша-кӧд
pn be_friends- prs .3 pn - com
‘Petja is friends with Masha.’

25. think мöвпавны

Valency pattern: NOM_jylys
X: NOM
Y: jylys
Locus: Y
Петя мӧвпал-ӧ Маша йыл-ысь
pn think- prs .3 pn top- ela
‘Petja is thinking about Masha.’

26. eat сёйны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя сёй-и-с яблӧг
pn eat- pret -3 apple
‘Petja ate an apple.’

27. fry жаритны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя жарит-і-с чери
pn fry- pret -3 fish
‘Petja fried the fish.’

28. wait виччысьны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя виччысь-ӧ Маша-ӧс
pn wait- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja is waiting for Masha.’

29. forget вынöдны

Valency pattern: NOM_jylys
X: NOM
Y: jylys
Locus: Y
Петя вунӧд-і-с мӧд туй йыл-ысь
pn forget- pret -3 second road top- ela
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’

30. depend COP

Valency pattern: NOM_sajyn
X: NOM
Y: sajyn
Locus: Y
вежöр-ыд арлыд сай-ын
mind- p .2 sg age back- ine
‘Memory depends on age.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

31. call корны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя кор-и-с Маша-ӧс
pn call- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja called Masha.’

32. get to know тöдмасьны

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя тӧдмас-и-с Маша-кӧд во сай-ын
pn get_to_know- pret -3 pn - com year back- ine
‘Petja got to know Masha a year ago.’

33. know тöдны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя тӧд-ӧ Маша-ӧс
pn know- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja knows Masha.’

34. play (instrument) ворсны

Valency pattern: NOM_vylyn
X: NOM
Y: vylyn
Locus: Y
Петя ворс-ӧ гитара выл-ын
pn play- prs .3 guitar top- ine
‘Petja is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid пышйыны

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Петя пышъял-ö Маша-ысь
pn run_away- prs .3 pn - ela
‘Petja avoids Masha.’

36. make вöчны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя вöч-и-с бомба
pn make- pret -3 bomb
‘Petja made a bomb.’

37. make fun тешитчыны

Valency pattern: NOM_vylyn
X: NOM
Y: vylyn
Locus: Y
Петя тешитч-ӧ Маша выл-ын
pn make_fun- prs .3 pn top- ine
‘Petja is making fun of Masha.’

38. have вöвны

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лӧн эм машина
pn - gen be. prs .3 sg car
‘Petja has a car.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.

39. look for корсьны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя корсь-ӧ ключ-ьяс
pn look_for- prs .3 key- pl
‘Petja is looking for the keys.’

40. paint краситны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя красит-і-с йӧр
pn paint- pret -3 fence
‘Petja painted the fence.’

41. bite курччыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя-ӧс курчч-и-с пон
pn - acc bite- pret -3 dog
‘A dog bit Petja.’

42. forfeit кольны

Valency pattern: NOM_ABE
X: NOM
Y: ABE
Locus: Y
Петя кол-и-с горт-тӧг
pn leave- pret -3 house- abe
‘Petja lost his house.’

43. try to catch кутны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя кут-ӧ кань-ӧс
pn catch- prs .3 cat- acc
‘Petja is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break чегны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя чег-и-с бедь
pn break- pret -3 stick
‘Petja broke a stick.’

45. flatter сöрны

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя сӧр-ӧ Маша-лы
pn lie- prs .3 pn - dat
‘Petja is lying to Masha.’

46. love (person) радейтны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя радейт-ӧ Маша-ӧс
pn love- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja loves Masha.’

47. wave шенасьны

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя шенас-и-с чышъян-ӧн
pn wave- pret -3 kerchief- ins
‘Petja waved a handkerchief.’

48. dream мöвпавны

Valency pattern: NOM_jylys
X: NOM
Y: jylys
Locus: Y
Петя мӧвпал-ӧ машина йыл-ысь
pn dream- prs .3 car top- ela
‘Petja is dreaming of a new car.’

49. wash мыськыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя мыськ-и-с чашка
pn wash- pret -3 cup
‘Petja washed the cup.’

50. put on пасьтавны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя пасьтал-і-с гач
pn put_on- pret -3 trousers
‘Petja put on the trousers.’

51. be called шусьыны

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
тайӧ эмтор-ыс шусь-ӧ компас-ӧн
this thing- p .3 sg be_called- prs .3 compass- ins
‘This thing is called a compass.’

52. punish накажитны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя накижит-i-с ас-сьыс пи-сö
pn punish- pret -3 self- abl . p .3 sg son- acc . p .3 sg
‘Petja punished his son.’

53. attack уськöдчыны

Valency pattern: NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
ош уськöдч-и-с чери кый-ысь выл-ö
bear attack- pret -3 fish catch- pc . ag top- ill
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) тырны

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
ветра тыр-и-с ва-ӧн
bucket fill- pret -3 water- ins
‘The bucket filled with water.’

55. find аддзыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя аддз-и-с ключ-ьяс
pn see- pret -3 key- pl
‘Petja found his keys.’

56. be short NEG + тырмыны

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лы о-з тырмы ӧти шайт
pn - dat neg . prs -3 suffice one rouble
‘Petja is one rouble short.’

57. hate мустöмтны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя мустӧмт-ö Маша-ӧс
pn hate- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja hates Masha.’

58. like кажитчыны

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лы кажичч-ö тайö дöрöм-ыс
pn - dat like- prs .3 this shirt- p .3 sg
‘Petja likes this shirt.’

59. need ковны

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лы кол-ӧ сьӧм
pn - dat be_needed- prs .3 money
‘Petja needs money.’

60. surround кытшовтыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
кар кытшовт-ӧ-ны стен-ъяс
town encircle- prs .3- pl wall- pl
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain кольны

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лӧн кол-и-с сюрс шайт
pn - gen remain- pret -3 thousand rouble
‘Petja has one thousand roubles left.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.

62. answer вочавидзны

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя вочавидз-и-с велӧдысь-лы
pn answer- pret -3 teacher- dat
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

63. open восьтыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя восьт-і-с банка
pn open- pret -3 can
‘Petja opened a can.’

64. be different торъявны

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
ме-нам дöрöм-öй тор-ъял-ö тэ-ысь
i - gen shirt- p .1 sg be_different- prs .3 you- ela
‘My shirt is different from yours.’

65. fall behind кольччыны

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Петя кольчч-и-с Маша-ысь
pn fall_behind- pret -3 pn - ela
‘Petja fell behind Masha.’

66. plough гöрны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя гӧр-ӧ му
pn plough- prs .3 ground
‘Petja is ploughing the field.’

67. smell кывны

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ме-нам ки-яс-ысь кыл-ö бензин дук
i - gen hand- pl - ela hear- prs .3 gasoline smell
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

68. cross вуджны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя вудж-и-с туй
pn cross- pret -3 street
‘Petja crossed the street.’

69. sing сьывны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя сьыл-і-с мич-а сьыланкыв
pn sing- pret -3 beautiful- adj song
‘Petja sang a beautiful song.’

70. write гижны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя гиж-и-с письмӧ
pn write- pret -3 letter
‘Petja wrote a letter.’

71. drink юны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя ю-и-с йӧв
pn drink- pret -3 milk
‘Petja drank the milk.’

72. melt сывдыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя сывд-і-с свинеч тор
pn melt- pret -3 lead piece
‘Petja melted a piece of lead.’

73. match лöсявны

Valency pattern: NOM_doro
X: NOM
Y: doro
Locus: Y
тайӧ вӧнь-ыс лӧсял-ӧ ме-нам платтьӧ дор-ö
this belt- p .3 sg match- prs .3 i - gen drees edge- ill
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave кольны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя кол-и-с чужан кар-сö
pn leave- pret -3 native town- acc . p .3 sg
‘Petja left his native city.’

75. cover вевттыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ковёр вевтть-ӧ джодж-сӧ ставнас
carpet cover- prs .3 floor- acc . p .3 sg fully
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember помнитны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя бура помнит-ӧ горт-сӧ
pn well remember- prs .3 house- acc . p .3 sg
‘Petja remembers the house well.’

77. help отсавны

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя отсал-і-с Маша-лы
pn help- pret -3 pn - dat
‘Petja helped Masha.’

78. understand (language) гöгöрвоны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя гӧгӧрво-ӧ француз кыв
pn understand- prs .3 f rench language
‘Petja understands French.’

79. hit (target) веськавны

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
гым-ньöв веськал-i-с керка-ö
thunder-arrow hit- pret -3 house- ill
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself вундысьны

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя вундыс-и-с бритва-ӧн
pn cut_oneself- pret -3 razor- ins
‘Petja cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck лепитчыны

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
стакан лепитч-и-с пызан-ӧ
glass stick- pret -3 table- ill
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) ворссьыны

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя ворсс-и-с Маша-лы
pn lose- pret -3 pn - dat
‘Petja lost to Masha.’

83. be glad радлыны

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя радл-і-с письмӧ-лы
pn rejoice- pret -3 letter- dat
‘Petja was glad about the letter.’

84. speak сёрнитны

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя сёрнит-ӧ Маша-кӧд
pn speak- prs .3 pn - com
‘Petja is speaking with Masha.’

85. give birth чужтны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Маша чужт-і-с пи-ӧс
pn give_birth- pret -3 son- acc
‘Masha gave birth to a son.’

86. drop уськöдны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя уськӧд-і-с стакан
pn drop- pret -3 glass
‘Petja dropped the glass.’

87. govern веськöдлыны

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя веськӧдл-ӧ ми-ян сикт-ӧн
pn govern- prs .3 we- gen village- ins
‘Petja runs our village.’

88. miss гажтöмтчыны

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Петя гажтӧмтч-ӧ Маша-ысь
pn miss- prs .3 pn - ela
‘Petja misses Masha.’

89. follow мунны

Valency pattern: NOM_borti
X: NOM
Y: borti
Locus: Y
Петя мун-ӧ Маша бӧр-ти
pn go- prs .3 pn back- prol
‘Petja follows Masha.’

90. dismount лэччыны

Valency pattern: NOM_vylys
X: NOM
Y: vylys
Locus: Y
Петя лэчч-и-с вӧв выл-ысь
pn dismount- pret -3 horse top- ela
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

91. listen кывзыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя кывз-ӧ радио
pn listen- prs .3 radio
‘Petja is listening to radio.’

92. obey кывзысьны

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Петя кывзысь-ö мам-ыс-лысь
pn obey- prs .3 mother- p .3 sg - abl
‘Petja always listens to his mother.’

93. hear кывны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя кыл-ӧ тайӧ шылад-сӧ
pn hear- prs .3 this music- acc . p .3 sg
‘Petja hears the music.’

94. mix öтлаасьны

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
ма ӧтлаас-и-с йӧв-кӧд
honey mix- pret -3 milk- com
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look видзöдны

Valency pattern: NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
Петя видзӧд-ӧ кымӧр-ъяс выл-ӧ
pn look- prs .3 cloud- pl top- ill
‘Petja is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off пöрччыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя пӧрчч-и-с дӧрӧм
pn take_off- pret -3 shirt
‘Petja took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) вöтавны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Маша вӧтал-і-с Петя-ӧс
pn see_in_dreams- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja dreams about Masha.’

98. agree воны öти кывйö

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя во-и-с ӧти кыв.й-ӧ Маша-кӧд
pn come- pret -3 one speech. obl - ill pn - com
‘Petja agreed with Masha.’

99. have a quarrel пинясьны

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя пиняс-и-с Маша-кӧд
pn quarrel- pret -3 pn - com
‘Petja had a quarrel with Masha.’

100. cost сулавны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
тайӧ чашка-ыс сулал-ӧ 1 доллар
this cup- p .3 sg cost- prs .3 one dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Unlike other transitive verbs, this verb’s Y argument is never marked accusative, due to its typically non-referential status.

101. shoot at лыйны

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Петя лый-и-с лэбач-ӧ
pn shoot- pret -3 bird- ill
‘Petja shot at the bird.’

102. pour пуктыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя пукт-і-с сакар
pn put- pret -3 sugar
‘Petja poured the sugar.’

103. lose воштыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя вошт-і-с ключ-ьяс
pn lose- pret -3 key- pl
‘Petja lost his keys.’

104. sink вöйны

Valency pattern: NOM_INE
X: NOM
Y: INE
Locus: Y
пес вӧй-и-с ва-ын
log sink- pret -3 water- ine
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill вийны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя вий-и-с Маша-ӧс
pn kill- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja killed Masha.’

106. hit кучкыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя кучк-и-с Маша-ӧс
pn hit- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja hit Masha.’

107. kiss окыштны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя окышт-і-с Маша-ӧс
pn kiss- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja kissed Masha.’

108. read лыддьыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя лыдд-и-с интереснӧй небӧг
pn read- pret -3 interesting book
‘Petja read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) вöрöдыштны

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя вӧрӧдышт-і-с чунь-нас
pn move- pret -3 finger- ins . p .3 sg
‘Petja moved his finger.’

110. respect пыдди пуктыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя пыдди пукт-ӧ Маша-ӧс
pn behind put- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja respects Masha.’

111. be squeamish зывöктны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя зывӧкт-ӧ няйт тасьті-пань
pn be_squeamish- prs .3 dirty cup-spoon
‘Petja is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content дöвöлен

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя дӧвӧлен пи-нас
pn content son- ins . p .3 sg
‘Petja is content with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

113. fall in love мусмыны

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лы мусм-и-с Маша
pn - dat like- pret -3 pn
‘Petja fell in love with Masha.’

114. trust эскыны

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя эск-ӧ Маша-лы
pn believe- prs .3 pn - dat
‘Petja trusts Masha.’

115. sympathise жалитны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя жалит-ӧ мам-сӧ
pn sympathize- prs .3 mother- acc . p .3 sg
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’

116. envy завидьтыны

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя завидьт-ӧ Маша-лы
pn envy- prs .3 pn - dat
‘Petja envies Masha.’

117. be angry скöравны

Valency pattern: NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
Петя скӧрал-ӧ Маша выл-ӧ
pn be_angry- prs .3 pn top- ill
‘Petja is angry with Masha.’

118. be surprised чуймыны

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя чуйм-и-с козин-лы
pn be_surprised- pret -3 present- dat
‘Petja was surprised at this gift.’

119. love (tea) радейтны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя радейт-ӧ тшай
pn like- prs .3 tea
‘Petja loves tea.’

120. enjoy чöсмасьны

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя чöсмас-и-с пöсь тшай-öн
pn enjoy- pret -3 hot tea- ins
‘Petja enjoys hot tea.’

121. want кöсйыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя кӧсй-ӧ выль мобильник
pn want- prs .3 new mobile_phone
‘Petja wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge скöравны

Valency pattern: NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
Петя скӧрал-ӧ Маша выл-ӧ
pn be_angry- prs .3 pn top- ill
‘Petja is angry with Masha.’

123. take offence лёкавны

Valency pattern: NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
Петя скöрм-и-с Маша выл-ӧ
pn take_offence- prs .3 pn top- ill
‘Petja took offence at Masha.’

124. upset майшöдлыны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя ёна майшöдл-i-с Маша-öс
pn strongle upset- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja greatly upset Masha.’

125. marvel шензьыны

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя шенз-и-с тайӧ кар-нас
pn be_stunned- pret -3 this town- ins . p .3 sg
‘Petja was stunned by this town.’

126. despise мустöмтны

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Петя мустӧмт-ӧ Маша-ӧс
pn hate- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja hates Masha.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

127. get upset шогö усьны

Valency pattern: NOM_ponda
X: NOM
Y: ponda
Locus: Y
Петя шог-ӧ ус-и-с пи-ыс понда
pn grief- ill wall- pret -3 son- p .3 sg because_of
‘Petja got upset with his son.’

128. get irritated дöзмыны

Valency pattern: NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
Петя дӧзм-ӧ ныв выл-ас
pn get_irritated- prs .3 daughter top- ill . p .3 sg
‘Petja is getting irritated with his daughter.’

129. be fond воны сьöлöм вылö

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лы во-ӧ сьӧлӧм выл-ас Маша
pn - dat come- prs .3 heart top- ill . p .3 sg pn
‘Petja is fond of Masha.’

130. be shy яндысьны

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Петя яндысь-ö ас-лас туша-ысь
pn be_shy- prs .3 self- gen . p .3 sg height- ela
‘Petja is embarrassed about his height.’