Komi-Zyrian
Contributed by Ekaterina Sergeeva (Academia.edu profile ).
Translations were elicited from two native speakers of Komi-Zyrian in Syktyvkar in 2013, using the Russian version of the questionnaire.
How to cite
Sergeeva, Ekaterina. 2025. Bivalent patterns in Komi-Zyrian.
In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames.
(Data first published on May 26, 2025;
last revised on May 26, 2025.) (Available online at https://bivaltyp.info ,
Accessed on .)
Further details can be found in Sergeeva (2018).
Sergeeva, E. N. 2018. Markirovanie aktantov dvuxmestnyx predikatov v komi-zyryanskom literaturnom yazyke [Bivalent verbs' argument coding in standard Komi-Zyrian]. In S. S. Say (ed.). Valentnostnye klassy dvuxmestnyx predikatov v raznostrukturnyx jazykax [Bivalent valency classes in structurally diverse languages]. Saint Petersburg: ILS RAN.
339–353.
Basic info
Coordinates: 64.05, 54.95 .
Genealogy (as given in WALS ). Family: Uralic, genus: Permic.
Macro-area: Europe.
Data
Subset examples by valency pattern
Any
NA
DAT_NOM
GEN_NOM
NOM_ABE
NOM_ABL
NOM_borti
NOM_COM
NOM_DAT
NOM_doro
NOM_ELA
NOM_ILL
NOM_INE
NOM_INS
NOM_jylys
NOM_ponda
NOM_sajyn
NOM_TERM
NOM_vylo
NOM_vylyn
NOM_vylys
TR
Subset examples by locus
Any
*
TR
X
Y
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лöн
вись-ö
юр-ыс
pn
-
gen
ache-
prs
.3
head-
p
.3
sg
‘Petja has a headache.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя
вись-ö
грипп-öн
pn
ache-
prs
.3
flu-
ins
‘Petja has the flu.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Петя
пол-ö
пон.й-ысь
pn
be_afraid-
prs
.3
dog.
obl
-
ela
‘Petja is afraid of the dog.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
шибит-i-с
из
pn
throw-
pret
-3
stone
‘Petja threw a stone.’
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лы
тырм-ö
сьöм-ыс
pn
-
dat
suffice-
prs
.3
money-
p
.3
sg
‘Petja has enough money.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
Петя
ветл-ö
Маша
выл-ö
pn
resemble-
prs
.3
pn
top-
ill
‘Petja resembles Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя
эск-ö
Маша-лы
pn
believe-
prs
.3
pn
-
dat
‘Petja believes Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
босьт-i-с
небöг
pn
take-
pret
-3
book
‘Petja took a book.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
аддз-ö
керка
pn
see-
prs
.3
house
‘Petja sees a house.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
арлыд
тöдч-ö
вежöр
выл-ö
age
influence-
prs
.3
memory
top-
ill
‘Age influences memory.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя
паныдас-и-с
Маша-кöд
pn
meet-
pret
-3
pn
-
com
‘Petja encountered Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Петя
пыр-и-с
керка-ö
pn
go_in-
pret
-3
house-
ill
‘Petja entered the house.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
верм-и-с
Маша-ӧс
pn
win-
pret
-3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja beat Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Петя
пет-і-с
керка-ысь
pn
go_out-
pret
-3
house-
ela
‘Petja went out of the house.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
вӧтл-ӧ
мӧск-ӧс
pn
drive-
prs
.3
cow-
acc
‘Petja is driving the cow.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
кусыньт-і-с
чаль
pn
bend-
pret
-3
branch
‘Petja bent the branch.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя
шу-и-с
Маша-лы
pn
say-
pret
-3
pn
-
dat
‘Petja told Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
кут-ӧ
небӧг
pn
hold-
prs
.3
book
‘Petja is holding a book.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
суӧд-і-с
Маша-ӧс
pn
catch_up-
prst
-3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja caught up with Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
лысьт-і-с
мӧс.к-ӧс
pn
milk-
pret
-3
cow.
obl
-
acc
‘Petja milked the cow.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_TERM
X: NOM
Y: TERM
Locus: Y
Петя
воӧдч-и-с
берег-ӧдз
pn
reach-
pret
-3
bank-
term
‘Petja reached the bank.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Петя
инмӧдч-и-с
стен.м-ӧ
pn
touch-
pret
-3
wall.
obl
-
ill
‘Petja touched the wall.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя
тышкась-ӧ
Маша-кӧд
pn
fight-
prs
.3
pn
-
com
‘Petja is fighting with Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя
ёртась-ӧ
Маша-кӧд
pn
be_friends-
prs
.3
pn
-
com
‘Petja is friends with Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_jylys
X: NOM
Y: jylys
Locus: Y
Петя
мӧвпал-ӧ
Маша
йыл-ысь
pn
think-
prs
.3
pn
top-
ela
‘Petja is thinking about Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
сёй-и-с
яблӧг
pn
eat-
pret
-3
apple
‘Petja ate an apple.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
жарит-і-с
чери
pn
fry-
pret
-3
fish
‘Petja fried the fish.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
виччысь-ӧ
Маша-ӧс
pn
wait-
prs
.3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja is waiting for Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_jylys
X: NOM
Y: jylys
Locus: Y
Петя
вунӧд-і-с
мӧд
туй
йыл-ысь
pn
forget-
pret
-3
second
road
top-
ela
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_sajyn
X: NOM
Y: sajyn
Locus: Y
вежöр-ыд
арлыд
сай-ын
mind-
p
.2
sg
age
back-
ine
‘Memory depends on age.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
кор-и-с
Маша-ӧс
pn
call-
pret
-3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja called Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя
тӧдмас-и-с
Маша-кӧд
во
сай-ын
pn
get_to_know-
pret
-3
pn
-
com
year
back-
ine
‘Petja got to know Masha a year ago.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
тӧд-ӧ
Маша-ӧс
pn
know-
prs
.3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja knows Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_vylyn
X: NOM
Y: vylyn
Locus: Y
Петя
ворс-ӧ
гитара
выл-ын
pn
play-
prs
.3
guitar
top-
ine
‘Petja is playing the guitar.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Петя
пышъял-ö
Маша-ысь
pn
run_away-
prs
.3
pn
-
ela
‘Petja avoids Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
вöч-и-с
бомба
pn
make-
pret
-3
bomb
‘Petja made a bomb.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_vylyn
X: NOM
Y: vylyn
Locus: Y
Петя
тешитч-ӧ
Маша
выл-ын
pn
make_fun-
prs
.3
pn
top-
ine
‘Petja is making fun of Masha.’
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лӧн
эм
машина
pn
-
gen
be.
prs
.3
sg
car
‘Petja has a car.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
корсь-ӧ
ключ-ьяс
pn
look_for-
prs
.3
key-
pl
‘Petja is looking for the keys.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
красит-і-с
йӧр
pn
paint-
pret
-3
fence
‘Petja painted the fence.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя-ӧс
курчч-и-с
пон
pn
-
acc
bite-
pret
-3
dog
‘A dog bit Petja.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABE
X: NOM
Y: ABE
Locus: Y
Петя
кол-и-с
горт-тӧг
pn
leave-
pret
-3
house-
abe
‘Petja lost his house.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
кут-ӧ
кань-ӧс
pn
catch-
prs
.3
cat-
acc
‘Petja is trying to catch the cat.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
чег-и-с
бедь
pn
break-
pret
-3
stick
‘Petja broke a stick.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя
сӧр-ӧ
Маша-лы
pn
lie-
prs
.3
pn
-
dat
‘Petja is lying to Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
радейт-ӧ
Маша-ӧс
pn
love-
prs
.3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja loves Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя
шенас-и-с
чышъян-ӧн
pn
wave-
pret
-3
kerchief-
ins
‘Petja waved a handkerchief.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_jylys
X: NOM
Y: jylys
Locus: Y
Петя
мӧвпал-ӧ
машина
йыл-ысь
pn
dream-
prs
.3
car
top-
ela
‘Petja is dreaming of a new car.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
мыськ-и-с
чашка
pn
wash-
pret
-3
cup
‘Petja washed the cup.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
пасьтал-і-с
гач
pn
put_on-
pret
-3
trousers
‘Petja put on the trousers.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
тайӧ
эмтор-ыс
шусь-ӧ
компас-ӧн
this
thing-
p
.3
sg
be_called-
prs
.3
compass-
ins
‘This thing is called a compass.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
накижит-i-с
ас-сьыс
пи-сö
pn
punish-
pret
-3
self-
abl
.
p
.3
sg
son-
acc
.
p
.3
sg
‘Petja punished his son.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
ош
уськöдч-и-с
чери
кый-ысь
выл-ö
bear
attack-
pret
-3
fish
catch-
pc
.
ag
top-
ill
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
ветра
тыр-и-с
ва-ӧн
bucket
fill-
pret
-3
water-
ins
‘The bucket filled with water.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
аддз-и-с
ключ-ьяс
pn
see-
pret
-3
key-
pl
‘Petja found his keys.’
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лы
о-з
тырмы
ӧти
шайт
pn
-
dat
neg
.
prs
-3
suffice
one
rouble
‘Petja is one rouble short.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
мустӧмт-ö
Маша-ӧс
pn
hate-
prs
.3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja hates Masha.’
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лы
кажичч-ö
тайö
дöрöм-ыс
pn
-
dat
like-
prs
.3
this
shirt-
p
.3
sg
‘Petja likes this shirt.’
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лы
кол-ӧ
сьӧм
pn
-
dat
be_needed-
prs
.3
money
‘Petja needs money.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
кар
кытшовт-ӧ-ны
стен-ъяс
town
encircle-
prs
.3-
pl
wall-
pl
‘Walls surround the city.’
Valency pattern:
GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лӧн
кол-и-с
сюрс
шайт
pn
-
gen
remain-
pret
-3
thousand
rouble
‘Petja has one thousand roubles left.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя
вочавидз-и-с
велӧдысь-лы
pn
answer-
pret
-3
teacher-
dat
‘Petja answered the teacher.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
восьт-і-с
банка
pn
open-
pret
-3
can
‘Petja opened a can.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
ме-нам
дöрöм-öй
тор-ъял-ö
тэ-ысь
i
-
gen
shirt-
p
.1
sg
be_different-
prs
.3
you-
ela
‘My shirt is different from yours.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Петя
кольчч-и-с
Маша-ысь
pn
fall_behind-
pret
-3
pn
-
ela
‘Petja fell behind Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
гӧр-ӧ
му
pn
plough-
prs
.3
ground
‘Petja is ploughing the field.’
Valency pattern:
NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ме-нам
ки-яс-ысь
кыл-ö
бензин
дук
i
-
gen
hand-
pl
-
ela
hear-
prs
.3
gasoline
smell
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
вудж-и-с
туй
pn
cross-
pret
-3
street
‘Petja crossed the street.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
сьыл-і-с
мич-а
сьыланкыв
pn
sing-
pret
-3
beautiful-
adj
song
‘Petja sang a beautiful song.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
гиж-и-с
письмӧ
pn
write-
pret
-3
letter
‘Petja wrote a letter.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
ю-и-с
йӧв
pn
drink-
pret
-3
milk
‘Petja drank the milk.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
сывд-і-с
свинеч
тор
pn
melt-
pret
-3
lead
piece
‘Petja melted a piece of lead.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_doro
X: NOM
Y: doro
Locus: Y
тайӧ
вӧнь-ыс
лӧсял-ӧ
ме-нам
платтьӧ
дор-ö
this
belt-
p
.3
sg
match-
prs
.3
i
-
gen
drees
edge-
ill
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
кол-и-с
чужан
кар-сö
pn
leave-
pret
-3
native
town-
acc
.
p
.3
sg
‘Petja left his native city.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ковёр
вевтть-ӧ
джодж-сӧ
ставнас
carpet
cover-
prs
.3
floor-
acc
.
p
.3
sg
fully
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
бура
помнит-ӧ
горт-сӧ
pn
well
remember-
prs
.3
house-
acc
.
p
.3
sg
‘Petja remembers the house well.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя
отсал-і-с
Маша-лы
pn
help-
pret
-3
pn
-
dat
‘Petja helped Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
гӧгӧрво-ӧ
француз
кыв
pn
understand-
prs
.3
f
rench
language
‘Petja understands French.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
гым-ньöв
веськал-i-с
керка-ö
thunder-arrow
hit-
pret
-3
house-
ill
‘Lightning struck the house.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя
вундыс-и-с
бритва-ӧн
pn
cut_oneself-
pret
-3
razor-
ins
‘Petja cut himself with a razor.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
стакан
лепитч-и-с
пызан-ӧ
glass
stick-
pret
-3
table-
ill
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя
ворсс-и-с
Маша-лы
pn
lose-
pret
-3
pn
-
dat
‘Petja lost to Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя
радл-і-с
письмӧ-лы
pn
rejoice-
pret
-3
letter-
dat
‘Petja was glad about the letter.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя
сёрнит-ӧ
Маша-кӧд
pn
speak-
prs
.3
pn
-
com
‘Petja is speaking with Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Маша
чужт-і-с
пи-ӧс
pn
give_birth-
pret
-3
son-
acc
‘Masha gave birth to a son.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
уськӧд-і-с
стакан
pn
drop-
pret
-3
glass
‘Petja dropped the glass.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя
веськӧдл-ӧ
ми-ян
сикт-ӧн
pn
govern-
prs
.3
we-
gen
village-
ins
‘Petja runs our village.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Петя
гажтӧмтч-ӧ
Маша-ысь
pn
miss-
prs
.3
pn
-
ela
‘Petja misses Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_borti
X: NOM
Y: borti
Locus: Y
Петя
мун-ӧ
Маша
бӧр-ти
pn
go-
prs
.3
pn
back-
prol
‘Petja follows Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_vylys
X: NOM
Y: vylys
Locus: Y
Петя
лэчч-и-с
вӧв
выл-ысь
pn
dismount-
pret
-3
horse
top-
ela
‘Petja got down from the horse.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
кывз-ӧ
радио
pn
listen-
prs
.3
radio
‘Petja is listening to radio.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Петя
кывзысь-ö
мам-ыс-лысь
pn
obey-
prs
.3
mother-
p
.3
sg
-
abl
‘Petja always listens to his mother.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
кыл-ӧ
тайӧ
шылад-сӧ
pn
hear-
prs
.3
this
music-
acc
.
p
.3
sg
‘Petja hears the music.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
ма
ӧтлаас-и-с
йӧв-кӧд
honey
mix-
pret
-3
milk-
com
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
Петя
видзӧд-ӧ
кымӧр-ъяс
выл-ӧ
pn
look-
prs
.3
cloud-
pl
top-
ill
‘Petja is looking at the clouds.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
пӧрчч-и-с
дӧрӧм
pn
take_off-
pret
-3
shirt
‘Petja took off his shirt.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Маша
вӧтал-і-с
Петя-ӧс
pn
see_in_dreams-
pret
-3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja dreams about Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя
во-и-с
ӧти
кыв.й-ӧ
Маша-кӧд
pn
come-
pret
-3
one
speech.
obl
-
ill
pn
-
com
‘Petja agreed with Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Петя
пиняс-и-с
Маша-кӧд
pn
quarrel-
pret
-3
pn
-
com
‘Petja had a quarrel with Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
тайӧ
чашка-ыс
сулал-ӧ
1
доллар
this
cup-
p
.3
sg
cost-
prs
.3
one
dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Unlike other transitive verbs, this verb’s Y argument is never marked accusative, due to its typically non-referential status.
Valency pattern:
NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Петя
лый-и-с
лэбач-ӧ
pn
shoot-
pret
-3
bird-
ill
‘Petja shot at the bird.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
пукт-і-с
сакар
pn
put-
pret
-3
sugar
‘Petja poured the sugar.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
вошт-і-с
ключ-ьяс
pn
lose-
pret
-3
key-
pl
‘Petja lost his keys.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INE
X: NOM
Y: INE
Locus: Y
пес
вӧй-и-с
ва-ын
log
sink-
pret
-3
water-
ine
‘The log sank in the water.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
вий-и-с
Маша-ӧс
pn
kill-
pret
-3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja killed Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
кучк-и-с
Маша-ӧс
pn
hit-
pret
-3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja hit Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
окышт-і-с
Маша-ӧс
pn
kiss-
pret
-3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja kissed Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
лыдд-и-с
интереснӧй
небӧг
pn
read-
pret
-3
interesting
book
‘Petja read an interesting book.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя
вӧрӧдышт-і-с
чунь-нас
pn
move-
pret
-3
finger-
ins
.
p
.3
sg
‘Petja moved his finger.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
пыдди
пукт-ӧ
Маша-ӧс
pn
behind
put-
prs
.3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja respects Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
зывӧкт-ӧ
няйт
тасьті-пань
pn
be_squeamish-
prs
.3
dirty
cup-spoon
‘Petja is squeamish about dirty dishes.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя
дӧвӧлен
пи-нас
pn
content
son-
ins
.
p
.3
sg
‘Petja is content with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лы
мусм-и-с
Маша
pn
-
dat
like-
pret
-3
pn
‘Petja fell in love with Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя
эск-ӧ
Маша-лы
pn
believe-
prs
.3
pn
-
dat
‘Petja trusts Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
жалит-ӧ
мам-сӧ
pn
sympathize-
prs
.3
mother-
acc
.
p
.3
sg
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя
завидьт-ӧ
Маша-лы
pn
envy-
prs
.3
pn
-
dat
‘Petja envies Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
Петя
скӧрал-ӧ
Маша
выл-ӧ
pn
be_angry-
prs
.3
pn
top-
ill
‘Petja is angry with Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Петя
чуйм-и-с
козин-лы
pn
be_surprised-
pret
-3
present-
dat
‘Petja was surprised at this gift.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
радейт-ӧ
тшай
pn
like-
prs
.3
tea
‘Petja loves tea.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя
чöсмас-и-с
пöсь
тшай-öн
pn
enjoy-
pret
-3
hot
tea-
ins
‘Petja enjoys hot tea.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
кӧсй-ӧ
выль
мобильник
pn
want-
prs
.3
new
mobile_phone
‘Petja wants a new mobile phone.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
Петя
скӧрал-ӧ
Маша
выл-ӧ
pn
be_angry-
prs
.3
pn
top-
ill
‘Petja is angry with Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
Петя
скöрм-и-с
Маша
выл-ӧ
pn
take_offence-
prs
.3
pn
top-
ill
‘Petja took offence at Masha.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя
ёна
майшöдл-i-с
Маша-öс
pn
strongle
upset-
pret
-3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja greatly upset Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Петя
шенз-и-с
тайӧ
кар-нас
pn
be_stunned-
pret
-3
this
town-
ins
.
p
.3
sg
‘Petja was stunned by this town.’
Valency pattern:
NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Петя
мустӧмт-ӧ
Маша-ӧс
pn
hate-
prs
.3
pn
-
acc
‘Petja hates Masha.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.
Valency pattern:
NOM_ponda
X: NOM
Y: ponda
Locus: Y
Петя
шог-ӧ
ус-и-с
пи-ыс
понда
pn
grief-
ill
wall-
pret
-3
son-
p
.3
sg
because_of
‘Petja got upset with his son.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
Петя
дӧзм-ӧ
ныв
выл-ас
pn
get_irritated-
prs
.3
daughter
top-
ill
.
p
.3
sg
‘Petja is getting irritated with his daughter.’
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Петя-лы
во-ӧ
сьӧлӧм
выл-ас
Маша
pn
-
dat
come-
prs
.3
heart
top-
ill
.
p
.3
sg
pn
‘Petja is fond of Masha.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Петя
яндысь-ö
ас-лас
туша-ысь
pn
be_shy-
prs
.3
self-
gen
.
p
.3
sg
height-
ela
‘Petja is embarrassed about his height.’