BivalTyp

Komi-Zyrian

Contributed by Ekaterina Sergeeva (Academia.edu profile).

E.S.'s photo

Translations were elicited from two native speakers of Komi-Zyrian in Syktyvkar in 2013, using the Russian version of the questionnaire.

How to cite

Sergeeva, Ekaterina. 2025. Bivalent patterns in Komi-Zyrian. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on May 26, 2025; last revised on June 7, 2025.) (Available online at https://bivaltyp.info, Accessed on .)

Further details can be found in Sergeeva (2018).

Sergeeva, E. N. 2018. Markirovanie aktantov dvuxmestnyx predikatov v komi-zyryanskom literaturnom yazyke [Bivalent verbs' argument coding in standard Komi-Zyrian]. In S. S. Say (ed.). Valentnostnye klassy dvuxmestnyx predikatov v raznostrukturnyx jazykax [Bivalent valency classes in structurally diverse languages]. Saint Petersburg: ILS RAN. 339–353.

Basic info

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain viśni̮

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-le̮n viś-e̮ jur-i̮s
pn - gen ache- prs .3 head- p .3 sg
‘Petja has a headache.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.

2. have (illness) viśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a viś-e̮ gripp-e̮n
pn ache- prs .3 flu- ins
‘Petja has the flu.’

3. be afraid povni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pet'a pol-e̮ pon.j-i̮ś
pn be_afraid- prs .3 dog. obl - ela
‘Petja is afraid of the dog.’

4. throw šibitni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a šibit-i-s iz
pn throw- pret -3 stone
‘Petja threw a stone.’

5. have enough ti̮rmi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-li̮ ti̮rm-e̮ śe̮m-i̮s
pn - dat suffice- prs .3 money- p .3 sg
‘Petja has enough money.’

6. resemble vetli̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vile
X: NOM
Y: vile
Locus: Y
Pet'a vetl-e̮ Maša vi̮l-e̮
pn resemble- prs .3 pn top- ill
‘Petja resembles Masha.’

7. believe eski̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a esk-e̮ Maša-li̮
pn believe- prs .3 pn - dat
‘Petja believes Masha.’

8. take bośtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a bośt-i-s ńebe̮g
pn take- pret -3 book
‘Petja took a book.’

9. see adʒ́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a adʒ́-e̮ kerka
pn see- prs .3 house
‘Petja sees a house.’

10. influence te̮dč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vile
X: NOM
Y: vile
Locus: Y
arli̮d te̮dč́-e̮ veže̮r vi̮l-e̮
age influence- prs .3 memory top- ill
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter pani̮daśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a pani̮das-i-s Maša-ke̮d
pn meet- pret -3 pn - com
‘Petja encountered Masha.’

12. enter pi̮rni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Pet'a pi̮r-i-s kerka-e̮
pn go_in- pret -3 house- ill
‘Petja entered the house.’

13. win vermi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a verm-i-s Maša-e̮s
pn win- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja beat Masha.’

14. go out petni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pet'a pet-i-s kerka-i̮ś
pn go_out- pret -3 house- ela
‘Petja went out of the house.’

15. drive ve̮tli̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ve̮tl-e̮ me̮sk-e̮s
pn drive- prs .3 cow- acc
‘Petja is driving the cow.’

16. bend kusi̮ńtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a kusi̮ńt-i-s č́al'
pn bend- pret -3 branch
‘Petja bent the branch.’

17. tell šuni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a šu-i-s Maša-li̮
pn say- pret -3 pn - dat
‘Petja told Masha.’

18. hold kutni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a kut-e̮ ńebe̮g
pn hold- prs .3 book
‘Petja is holding a book.’

19. catch up sue̮dni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a sue̮d-i-s Maša-e̮s
pn catch_up- prst -3 pn - acc
‘Petja caught up with Masha.’

20. milk li̮śti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a li̮śt-i-s me̮s.k-e̮s
pn milk- pret -3 cow. obl - acc
‘Petja milked the cow.’

21. reach voe̮dč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_TERM
X: NOM
Y: TERM
Locus: Y
Pet'a voe̮dč́-i-s bereg-e̮ʒ́
pn reach- pret -3 bank- term
‘Petja reached the bank.’

22. touch inme̮dč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Pet'a inme̮dč́-i-s st'en.m-e̮
pn touch- pret -3 wall. obl - ill
‘Petja touched the wall.’

23. fight ti̮škaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a ti̮škaś-e̮ Maša-ke̮d
pn fight- prs .3 pn - com
‘Petja is fighting with Masha.’

24. be friends jortaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a jortaś-e̮ Maša-ke̮d
pn be_friends- prs .3 pn - com
‘Petja is friends with Masha.’

25. think me̮vpavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_jilis
X: NOM
Y: jilis
Locus: Y
Pet'a me̮vpal-e̮ Maša ji̮l-i̮ś
pn think- prs .3 pn top- ela
‘Petja is thinking about Masha.’

26. eat śojni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a śoj-i-s jable̮g
pn eat- pret -3 apple
‘Petja ate an apple.’

27. fry žaritni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a žarit-i-s č́eri
pn fry- pret -3 fish
‘Petja fried the fish.’

28. wait vič́č́i̮śni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vič́č́i̮ś-e̮ Maša-e̮s
pn wait- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja is waiting for Masha.’

29. forget vi̮ne̮dni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_jilis
X: NOM
Y: jilis
Locus: Y
Pet'a vune̮d-i-s me̮d tuj ji̮l-i̮ś
pn forget- pret -3 second road top- ela
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’

30. depend COP

Valency pattern: NOM_sajin
X: NOM
Y: sajin
Locus: Y
veže̮r-i̮d arli̮d saj-i̮n
mind- p .2 sg age back- ine
‘Memory depends on age.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

31. call korni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a kor-i-s Maša-e̮s
pn call- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja called Masha.’

32. get to know te̮dmaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a te̮dmas-i-s Maša-ke̮d vo saj-i̮n
pn get_to_know- pret -3 pn - com year back- ine
‘Petja got to know Masha a year ago.’

33. know te̮dni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a te̮d-e̮ Maša-e̮s
pn know- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja knows Masha.’

34. play (instrument) vorsni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vilin
X: NOM
Y: vilin
Locus: Y
Pet'a vors-e̮ gitara vi̮l-i̮n
pn play- prs .3 guitar top- ine
‘Petja is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid pi̮šji̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pet'a pi̮šjal-e̮ Maša-i̮ś
pn run_away- prs .3 pn - ela
‘Petja avoids Masha.’

36. make ve̮č́ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ve̮č́-i-s bomba
pn make- pret -3 bomb
‘Petja made a bomb.’

37. make fun t'ešitč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vilin
X: NOM
Y: vilin
Locus: Y
Pet'a t'ešitč́-e̮ Maša vi̮l-i̮n
pn make_fun- prs .3 pn top- ine
‘Petja is making fun of Masha.’

38. have ve̮vni̮

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-le̮n em mašina
pn - gen be. prs .3 sg car
‘Petja has a car.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.

39. look for korśni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a korś-e̮ kl'uč́-jjas
pn look_for- prs .3 key- pl
‘Petja is looking for the keys.’

40. paint kraśitni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a kraśit-i-s je̮r
pn paint- pret -3 fence
‘Petja painted the fence.’

41. bite kurč́č́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a-e̮s kurč́č́-i-s pon
pn - acc bite- pret -3 dog
‘A dog bit Petja.’

42. forfeit kol'ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ABE
X: NOM
Y: ABE
Locus: Y
Pet'a kol-i-s gort-te̮g
pn leave- pret -3 house- abe
‘Petja lost his house.’

43. try to catch kutni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a kut-e̮ kań-e̮s
pn catch- prs .3 cat- acc
‘Petja is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break č́egni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a č́eg-i-s bed'
pn break- pret -3 stick
‘Petja broke a stick.’

45. flatter uśke̮dč́i̮ni̮ č́eśte̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vozin
X: NOM
Y: vozin
Locus: Y
Pet'a uśke̮dč́-i-s č́eśt-e̮ Maša voʒ́-i̮n
pn attack- pret -3 honor- ill pn place.in.front- ine
‘Petja is flattering Masha.’

46. love (person) rad'ejtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a rad'ejt-e̮ Maša-e̮s
pn love- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja loves Masha.’

47. wave šenaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a šenas-i-s č́i̮šjan-e̮n
pn wave- pret -3 kerchief- ins
‘Petja waved a handkerchief.’

48. dream me̮vpavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_jilis
X: NOM
Y: jilis
Locus: Y
Pet'a me̮vpal-e̮ mašina ji̮l-i̮ś
pn dream- prs .3 car top- ela
‘Petja is dreaming of a new car.’

49. wash mi̮śki̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a mi̮śk-i-s č́aška
pn wash- pret -3 cup
‘Petja washed the cup.’

50. put on paśtavni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a paśtal-i-s gač́
pn put_on- pret -3 trousers
‘Petja put on the trousers.’

51. be called šuśi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
taje̮ emtor-i̮s šuś-e̮ kompas-e̮n
this thing- p .3 sg be_called- prs .3 compass- ins
‘This thing is called a compass.’

52. punish nakažitni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a nakižit-i-s as-śi̮s pi-se̮
pn punish- pret -3 self- abl . p .3 sg son- acc . p .3 sg
‘Petja punished his son.’

53. attack uśke̮dč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vile
X: NOM
Y: vile
Locus: Y
oš uśke̮dč́-i-s č́eri ki̮j-i̮ś vi̮l-e̮
bear attack- pret -3 fish catch- pc . ag top- ill
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) ti̮rni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
vetra ti̮r-i-s va-e̮n
bucket fill- pret -3 water- ins
‘The bucket filled with water.’

55. find adʒ́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a adʒ́-i-s kl'uč́-jjas
pn see- pret -3 key- pl
‘Petja found his keys.’

56. be short NEG + ti̮rmi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-li̮ o-z ti̮rmi̮ e̮t'i šajt
pn - dat neg . prs -3 suffice one rouble
‘Petja is one rouble short.’

57. hate muste̮mtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a muste̮mt-e̮ Maša-e̮s
pn hate- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja hates Masha.’

58. like kažitč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-li̮ kažič́č́-e̮ taje̮ de̮re̮m-i̮s
pn - dat like- prs .3 this shirt- p .3 sg
‘Petja likes this shirt.’

59. need kovni̮

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-li̮ kol-e̮ śe̮m
pn - dat be_needed- prs .3 money
‘Petja needs money.’

60. surround ki̮čovti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
kar ki̮čovt-e̮-ni̮ st'en-jas
town encircle- prs .3- pl wall- pl
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain kol'ni̮

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-le̮n kol-i-s śurs šajt
pn - gen remain- pret -3 thousand rouble
‘Petja has one thousand roubles left.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.

62. answer voč́aviʒ́ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a voč́aviʒ́-i-s vele̮di̮ś-li̮
pn answer- pret -3 teacher- dat
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

63. open vośti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vośt-i-s banka
pn open- pret -3 can
‘Petja opened a can.’

64. be different torjavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
me-nam de̮re̮m-e̮j tor-jal-e̮ te-i̮ś
i - gen shirt- p .1 sg be_different- prs .3 you- ela
‘My shirt is different from yours.’

65. fall behind kol'č́č́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pet'a kol'č́č́-i-s Maša-i̮ś
pn fall_behind- pret -3 pn - ela
‘Petja fell behind Masha.’

66. plough ge̮rni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ge̮r-e̮ mu
pn plough- prs .3 ground
‘Petja is ploughing the field.’

67. smell ki̮vni̮

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
me-nam ki-jas-i̮ś ki̮l-e̮ benźin duk
i - gen hand- pl - ela hear- prs .3 gasoline smell
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

68. cross vuǯni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vuǯ-i-s tuj
pn cross- pret -3 street
‘Petja crossed the street.’

69. sing śi̮vni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a śi̮l-i-s mič́-a śi̮lanki̮v
pn sing- pret -3 beautiful- adj song
‘Petja sang a beautiful song.’

70. write gižni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a giž-i-s piśme̮
pn write- pret -3 letter
‘Petja wrote a letter.’

71. drink juni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ju-i-s je̮v
pn drink- pret -3 milk
‘Petja drank the milk.’

72. melt si̮vdi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a si̮vd-i-s svińeč́ tor
pn melt- pret -3 lead piece
‘Petja melted a piece of lead.’

73. match le̮śavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_dore
X: NOM
Y: dore
Locus: Y
taje̮ ve̮ń-i̮s le̮śal-e̮ me-nam platt'e̮ dor-e̮
this belt- p .3 sg match- prs .3 i - gen drees edge- ill
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave kol'ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a kol-i-s č́užan kar-se̮
pn leave- pret -3 native town- acc . p .3 sg
‘Petja left his native city.’

75. cover vevtti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
kovjor vevtt'-e̮ ǯoǯ-se̮ stavnas
carpet cover- prs .3 floor- acc . p .3 sg fully
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember pomńitni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a bura pomńit-e̮ gort-se̮
pn well remember- prs .3 house- acc . p .3 sg
‘Petja remembers the house well.’

77. help otsavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a otsal-i-s Maša-li̮
pn help- pret -3 pn - dat
‘Petja helped Masha.’

78. understand (language) ge̮ge̮rvoni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ge̮ge̮rvo-e̮ francuz ki̮v
pn understand- prs .3 f rench language
‘Petja understands French.’

79. hit (target) veśkavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
gi̮m-ńe̮v veśkal-i-s kerka-e̮
thunder-arrow hit- pret -3 house- ill
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself vundi̮śni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a vundi̮s-i-s britva-e̮n
pn cut_oneself- pret -3 razor- ins
‘Petja cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck l'epitč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
stakan l'epitč́-i-s pi̮zan-e̮
glass stick- pret -3 table- ill
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) vorsśi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a vorss-i-s Maša-li̮
pn lose- pret -3 pn - dat
‘Petja lost to Masha.’

83. be glad radli̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a radl-i-s piśme̮-li̮
pn rejoice- pret -3 letter- dat
‘Petja was glad about the letter.’

84. speak śorńitni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a śorńit-e̮ Maša-ke̮d
pn speak- prs .3 pn - com
‘Petja is speaking with Masha.’

85. give birth č́užtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Maša č́užt-i-s pi-e̮s
pn give_birth- pret -3 son- acc
‘Masha gave birth to a son.’

86. drop uśke̮dni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a uśke̮d-i-s stakan
pn drop- pret -3 glass
‘Petja dropped the glass.’

87. govern veśke̮dli̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a veśke̮dl-e̮ mi-jan śikt-e̮n
pn govern- prs .3 we- gen village- ins
‘Petja runs our village.’

88. miss gažte̮mtč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pet'a gažte̮mtč́-e̮ Maša-i̮ś
pn miss- prs .3 pn - ela
‘Petja misses Masha.’

89. follow munni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_berti
X: NOM
Y: berti
Locus: Y
Pet'a mun-e̮ Maša be̮r-t'i
pn go- prs .3 pn back- prol
‘Petja follows Masha.’

90. dismount leč́č́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vilis
X: NOM
Y: vilis
Locus: Y
Pet'a leč́č́-i-s ve̮v vi̮l-i̮ś
pn dismount- pret -3 horse top- ela
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

91. listen ki̮vzi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ki̮vz-e̮ rad'io
pn listen- prs .3 radio
‘Petja is listening to radio.’

92. obey ki̮vzi̮śni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Pet'a ki̮vzi̮ś-e̮ mam-i̮s-li̮ś
pn obey- prs .3 mother- p .3 sg - abl
‘Petja always listens to his mother.’

93. hear ki̮vni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ki̮l-e̮ taje̮ ši̮lad-se̮
pn hear- prs .3 this music- acc . p .3 sg
‘Petja hears the music.’

94. mix e̮tlaaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
ma e̮tlaas-i-s je̮v-ke̮d
honey mix- pret -3 milk- com
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look viʒ́e̮dni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vile
X: NOM
Y: vile
Locus: Y
Pet'a viʒ́e̮d-e̮ ki̮me̮r-jas vi̮l-e̮
pn look- prs .3 cloud- pl top- ill
‘Petja is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off pe̮rč́č́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a pe̮rč́č́-i-s de̮re̮m
pn take_off- pret -3 shirt
‘Petja took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) ve̮tavni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Maša ve̮tal-i-s Pet'a-e̮s
pn see_in_dreams- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja dreams about Masha.’

98. agree voni̮ e̮t'i ki̮vje̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a vo-i-s e̮t'i ki̮v.j-e̮ Maša-ke̮d
pn come- pret -3 one speech. obl - ill pn - com
‘Petja agreed with Masha.’

99. have a quarrel pińaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a pińas-i-s Maša-ke̮d
pn quarrel- pret -3 pn - com
‘Petja had a quarrel with Masha.’

100. cost sulavni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
taje̮ č́aška-i̮s sulal-e̮ 1 dollar
this cup- p .3 sg cost- prs .3 one dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’
Note: Unlike other transitive verbs, this verb’s Y argument is never marked accusative, due to its typically non-referential status.

101. shoot at li̮jni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Pet'a li̮j-i-s lebač́-e̮
pn shoot- pret -3 bird- ill
‘Petja shot at the bird.’

102. pour pukti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a pukt-i-s sakar
pn put- pret -3 sugar
‘Petja poured the sugar.’

103. lose vošti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vošt-i-s kl'uč́-jjas
pn lose- pret -3 key- pl
‘Petja lost his keys.’

104. sink ve̮jni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INE
X: NOM
Y: INE
Locus: Y
pes ve̮j-i-s va-i̮n
log sink- pret -3 water- ine
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill vijni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vij-i-s Maša-e̮s
pn kill- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja killed Masha.’

106. hit kuč́ki̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a kuč́k-i-s Maša-e̮s
pn hit- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja hit Masha.’

107. kiss oki̮štni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a oki̮št-i-s Maša-e̮s
pn kiss- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja kissed Masha.’

108. read li̮dd'i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a li̮dd-i-s int'eresne̮j ńebe̮g
pn read- pret -3 interesting book
‘Petja read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) ve̮re̮di̮štni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a ve̮re̮di̮št-i-s č́uń-nas
pn move- pret -3 finger- ins . p .3 sg
‘Petja moved his finger.’

110. respect pi̮dd'i pukti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a pi̮dd'i pukt-e̮ Maša-e̮s
pn behind put- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja respects Masha.’

111. be squeamish zi̮ve̮ktni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a zi̮ve̮kt-e̮ ńajt taśti-pań
pn be_squeamish- prs .3 dirty cup-spoon
‘Petja is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content de̮ve̮l'en

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a de̮ve̮l'en pi-nas
pn content son- ins . p .3 sg
‘Petja is content with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

113. fall in love musmi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-li̮ musm-i-s Maša
pn - dat like- pret -3 pn
‘Petja fell in love with Masha.’

114. trust eski̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a esk-e̮ Maša-li̮
pn believe- prs .3 pn - dat
‘Petja trusts Masha.’

115. sympathise žal'itni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a žal'it-e̮ mam-se̮
pn sympathize- prs .3 mother- acc . p .3 sg
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’

116. envy zavid'ti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a zavid't-e̮ Maša-li̮
pn envy- prs .3 pn - dat
‘Petja envies Masha.’

117. be angry ske̮ravni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vile
X: NOM
Y: vile
Locus: Y
Pet'a ske̮ral-e̮ Maša vi̮l-e̮
pn be_angry- prs .3 pn top- ill
‘Petja is angry with Masha.’

118. be surprised č́ujmi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a č́ujm-i-s koźin-li̮
pn be_surprised- pret -3 present- dat
‘Petja was surprised at this gift.’

119. love (tea) rad'ejtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a rad'ejt-e̮ čaj
pn like- prs .3 tea
‘Petja loves tea.’

120. enjoy č́e̮smaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a č́e̮smas-i-s pe̮ś čaj-e̮n
pn enjoy- pret -3 hot tea- ins
‘Petja enjoys hot tea.’

121. want ke̮sji̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ke̮sj-e̮ vi̮l' mobil'ńik
pn want- prs .3 new mobile_phone
‘Petja wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge ske̮ravni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vile
X: NOM
Y: vile
Locus: Y
Pet'a ske̮ral-e̮ Maša vi̮l-e̮
pn be_angry- prs .3 pn top- ill
‘Petja is angry with Masha.’

123. take offence l'okavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vile
X: NOM
Y: vile
Locus: Y
Pet'a ske̮rm-i-s Maša vi̮l-e̮
pn take_offence- prs .3 pn top- ill
‘Petja took offence at Masha.’

124. upset majše̮dli̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a jona majše̮dl-i-s Maša-e̮s
pn strongle upset- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja greatly upset Masha.’

125. marvel šenźi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a šenz-i-s taje̮ kar-nas
pn be_stunned- pret -3 this town- ins . p .3 sg
‘Petja was stunned by this town.’

126. despise muste̮mtni̮

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Pet'a muste̮mt-e̮ Maša-e̮s
pn hate- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja hates Masha.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

127. get upset šoge̮ uśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ponda
X: NOM
Y: ponda
Locus: Y
Pet'a šog-e̮ us-i-s pi-i̮s ponda
pn grief- ill wall- pret -3 son- p .3 sg because_of
‘Petja got upset with his son.’

128. get irritated de̮zmi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vile
X: NOM
Y: vile
Locus: Y
Pet'a de̮zm-e̮ ni̮v vi̮l-as
pn get_irritated- prs .3 daughter top- ill . p .3 sg
‘Petja is getting irritated with his daughter.’

129. be fond voni̮ śe̮le̮m vi̮le̮

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-li̮ vo-e̮ śe̮le̮m vi̮l-as Maša
pn - dat come- prs .3 heart top- ill . p .3 sg pn
‘Petja is fond of Masha.’

130. be shy jandi̮śni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pet'a jandi̮ś-e̮ as-las tuša-i̮ś
pn be_shy- prs .3 self- gen . p .3 sg height- ela
‘Petja is embarrassed about his height.’