BivalTyp

‘dismount’

Argument frame: X (get down) from Y
Stimulus sentence: P. got down from the horse .
Predicate label Ru: слезать
Argument frame Ru: X (слезать) с Y -a (с лошади)
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. слез с лошади .

Abaza ʕa-[ḳ.nə-]c̣ə

Valency pattern: ABS_LOCkne
X: ABS
Y: LOCkne
Locus: Y
a-č-kʷá ŝ-ʕa-r-ḳ.nə́-m-c̣ə-n
def -horse- pl 2 pl . abs - cisl -3 pl . io - loc - neg -pass- neg . imp
‘Don’t get down from the horses!’

Adyghe (West Circassian) q-je-psə.xə-

Valency pattern: ABS_DAT
X: ABS
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
seldatə-r šə-m q-je-psə-xə-ʁ
soldier- abs horse- obl csl -3 sg . io + dat -dismount- down - pst
‘The soldier got down from the horse.’

Aghul alajč’.u-

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER.ELAT
X: ABS
Y: SUPER.ELAT
Locus: Y
aslan ʜajwan.di-l-as alajč’.u-ne
pn horse- super - elat { super }emerge. pf - aor
‘Aslan got down from the horse.’

Akhvakh (Northern) geƛ’ƛ’a χχeruruƛa

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
pataħi xwana-gu geƛ’ƛ’a χχer-ari
pn horse. obl - el down climb- aor
‘Patahi got down from the horse.’
Note: The elative marker "-gu" is interchangeable with "-gune".

Andi (Zilo) <w>-utɬ.i hitɬ’u

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.EL
Locus: Y
ali w-utɬ.i k’otu-ʔa-kːu hitɬ’u
pn [ m ][ nom ] m -come_down. pst ( aor ) horse- super - el down
‘Ali got off the horse.’

Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi) nzl

Valency pattern: SBJ_men
X: SBJ
Y: men
Locus: Y
Abrahām nazal ᵊmn-ǝl-ᵊḥṣān
pn go_down. pf .3 ms from- art -horse
‘Abraham dismounted from the horse.’

Arabic (Northern Syrian) traǧǧal

Valency pattern: SBJ_men
X: SBJ
Y: men
Locus: Y
Aḥmad traǧǧal m=əl-ḥsān
pn dismount. pfv .3 m from- def -horse
‘Ahmad dismounted from the horse.’

Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth) n.z.l

Valency pattern: SBJ_an
X: SBJ
Y: an
Locus: Y
Shadi nizel ʿan li-ḥṣān
pn get.down. pst .3 m . sg about def -house
‘Shadi got down from the horse.’

Arabic (standard) nazala

Valency pattern: NOM_minGEN
X: NOM
Y: minGEN
Locus: Y
Badr-un nazala min al-faras-i
pn - nom descend. pf .3 m from def -horse- gen
‘Badr got down from the horse.’

Archi a-χːˁas

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: Y
paša noˁši-tːi-š u<w>χːˁu
pn horse. o bl- sup - el <1>go.down. pfv
‘Pasha got down from the horse.’

Armenian (Eastern) iĵnel

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petros-ə iĵav ji-uc’
pn [ nom ]- def get_down: aor :3 sg horse- abl
‘Petros got down from the horse.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +salə

Valency pattern: SBJ_men
X: SBJ
Y: men
Locus: Y
+avvo naša +sli-lə mən suysa
dem 3. m person( m ) descend. pst - ls .3 m from horse( m )
‘This man got down from the horse.’

Avar ʁorƛ’e ɬuhine

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
ʕali čo-dasa ʁorƛ’e ɬuh-ana
pn horse. obl - el down. lat enter- aor
‘Ali got down from the horse.’

Azerbaijani düşmək

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Aslan at-dan düş-dü
pn horse- abl descend- pst (3)
‘Aslan got down from the horse.’

Bafut sᵼ́gə̂

Valency pattern: SBJ_a.ndim
X: SBJ
Y: ndim
Locus: Y
àmbɛ́ à kɨ̀ sᵼ́gə̂ á ǹdím léŋə́ wá
pn sm p 2 descend at back/ prep horse def
‘Ambe got down from the horse.’

Bambara jìgin

Valency pattern: SBJ_kan
X: SBJ
Y: kan
Locus: Y
Sékù jìgin-na kà bɔ́ fàli` kàn
pn descend- pfv . intr inf go.out donkey\ art on
‘Seku got down from the donkey.’

Bartangi xāvdow

Valency pattern: NOM_EL.SUP
X: NOM
Y: EL.SUP
Locus: Y
Ahmed az vorǰ=tīr xāv-d
pn el horse= sup descend- pst
‘Ahmed got down from the horse.’

Belarusian zliezci

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Alieś zliez z kan-ja
pn [ nom . sg ] dismount( pfv ). pst . sg . m from_on horse- gen . sg
‘Ales got down from the horse.’

Beserman waśkə̑nə̑

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMveles
X: NOM
Y: NOMveles
Locus: Y
Petʼa waśk-i-z val və̑l-ə̑ś
pn . nom descend- pst -3 sg horse. nom on- el
‘Petja dismounted from the horse.’
Note: It is impossible to replace the postposition (’top, upper part’ in the elative case) with just the elative case on ’horse’. However, it is possible with other Ys, like, e.g., ’sledge’.

Budugh eşi

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
aslan xilğıld-a'r eşe-ci
pn horse. obl - abl m .dismount. pfv - prf
‘Aslan got down from the horse.’

Bulgarian slyaza

Valency pattern: SBJ_ot
X: SBJ
Y: ot
Locus: Y
Petăr sleze ot kon-ya
pn go_down( pfv ). aor .3 sg from horse- def . short . m . sg
‘Petar got down from the horse.’

Catalan baixar

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
en Pere va baix-ar del cavall
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind go_down- inf of. def . sg . m horse( m )
‘Pere got down from the horse.’

Chechen vohw-AGR-ossa

Valency pattern: ABS_tera
X: ABS
Y: tera
Locus: Y
Islam gour t’era vohw-v-oessa-na
pn . abs horse from down- v -get- prf
‘Islam got down from the horse.’

Chinese (Mandarin) xià

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān xià le mǎ
pn go_down pfv horse
‘Zhangsan got down from the horse.’

Chirag čerk-b-i

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.ELAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.ELAT
Locus: Y
ʡa̰le urč-u-rka če-r-k-eb
pn ( abs ) horse- obl ( super )- elat super - elat - down -( m . sg )sit: pf + aor .3
‘Ali got down from the horse.’

Croatian sjahati

Valency pattern: NOM_sGEN
X: NOM
Y: sGEN
Locus: Y
Per-o je sjaha-o s konj-a
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg go_down( pfv )- part . perf . m . sg from_on horse- gen . sg
‘Pero got down from the horse.’

Czech seskočit

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Petr seskoči-l z kon-ě
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] jump_off( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] from horse( m )- gen . sg
‘Petr jumped off the horse.’

Dan (Eastern) gó

Valency pattern: SBJ_ta
X: SBJ
Y: ta
Locus: Y
Gbȁtȍ yȁ gó mōtô tȁ
pn ( m ) 3 sg . prf go.away motorcycle upon
‘Gbato has got off the motorcycle.’

Danish stige af

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter steg af hest-en
pn climb. pst off horse( c )- def . sg
‘Peter got down from the horse.’

Dargwa (Itsari) či-r-ka-B-uq-anaj

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER.EL
X: ABS
Y: SUPER.EL
Locus: Y
Islam jaˤbu-li-r či-r-ka-wq-un
pn ( abs ) horse- obl -( super ) el on - el - down -( m )climb. pfv - aor
‘Islam got down from the horse.’

Dargwa (Kadar) xura-CL-uh-es / xura-CL-ur-es

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
meħamad jabu-l-zaka xura-0-uh-ub
pn horse- obl - el getting_off- m -become. pfv - pret
‘Muhammad got down from the horse.’

Dargwa (Kaytag) kurč:’ara

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
Petja aˁbu-jt:ar kurč:’-iv
pn horse- superel dismount. pf - aor (3)
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

Dargwa (Kubachi)

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPERABL
X: NOM
Y: SUPERABL
Locus: Y
gal uči-ži-l či-ka-w-q-in
boy horse- super - abl on - abl . down - m -move. pfv -3. aor
‘The boy got down from the horse.’

Dargwa (Tsudakhar) ka-b-ac'-iz/ka-b-ic'-iz

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.ABL1
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.ABL1
Locus: Y
uršːi urči-ja-la k-ac'-ib
boy horse- super - abl 1 down -( m )fall. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy got down from the horse.’

Dargwa (Tsugni) če-rka-b-uq-i / če-rka-b-ulq-i

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.ABL.DOWN
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.ABL.DOWN
Locus: Y
durħaˤ urči-ge-rka če-rka-uq-un
boy horse- super - abl . down on - abl . down -( m )move. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy got down from the horse.’

Dutch afsteigen

Valency pattern: SBJ_van
X: SBJ
Y: van
Locus: Y
Piet steig-t van het paard af
pn ( c ) get.down-3 sg from art . def . n horse( n ) of
‘Piet got down from the horse.’

Enets (Forest) kaʔa

Valency pattern: NOM_OBLniz
X: NOM
Y: OBLniz
Locus: Y
modʲi kasa-jʔ buranu-da nʲi-z dʲa nʲi-ʔ kaʔ-e-zʔ
i man- nom . sg .1 sg snowmobile- obl . sg .3 sg surface- abl place surface- dat come_down( pfv )- m -3 sg . m
‘My friend got down from the snowmobile to the ground’.

English get down

Valency pattern: SBJ_from
X: SBJ
Y: from
Locus: Y
Peter got down from the horse.

Estonian maha tulema

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Peeter tul-i hobuse-lt maha
pn . sg . nom come- pst .3 sg horse- abl down
‘Peeter got down from the horse.’
Note: Phrasal verb (maha is not a flagging device).

Finnish laskeutua

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pekka laskeutu-i hevose-n selä-stä
pn . nom dismount- pst .3 sg horse- gen back- ela
‘Pekka got down from the horse.’

French descendre

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Paul est descendu du cheval
pn ( m ) be. prs .3 sg dismount. pst . ptcp . m of. def . sg . m horse( m )
‘Paul got down from the horse.’

Gascon a devarat

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Pau a devarat de chivau
pn have. prs .3 sg dismount. pst . ptcp of horse
‘Pau got down from the horse.’

Gban zȉ

Valency pattern: SBJ_nen
X: SBJ
Y: nen
Locus: Y
Zá̰ ɛ́ zȉ sȍ nɛ̰̏
pn 3 sg \ pst descend[ pfv . hod ] horse at
‘Zan got off the horse.’

Georgian ča-mo-Ø-xt'-eb-a (FUT)

Valency pattern: NOM_INS.ABL
X: NOM
Y: INS.ABL
Locus: Y
p'et're-Ø cxen-idan ča-mo-Ø-xt'-a
pn - nom horse- pstp : ins . abl prv :downward+inward- prv : prox - s 3-jump- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre got down from the horse.’

German absteigen

Valency pattern: NOM_vonDAT
X: NOM
Y: vonDAT
Locus: Y
Karl steig-t vom Pferd ab
pn [ nom . sg ] rise- prs .3 sg of. def . n . dat . sg horse[ dat . sg ] from
‘Karl is getting down from the horse.’

Hebrew (modern) jarad

Valency pattern: SBJ_mi
X: SBJ
Y: mi
Locus: Y
Pinχas jarad me ha sus
pn descend[ pst .3 sg . m ] from def horse
‘Pinchas got down from the horse.’

Hindi nīche utarnā

Valency pattern: DIR_ABL
X: DIR
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Pratīk ghoṛe se nīche utar-ā
pn ( m ). sg . dir horse( m ). sg . obl abl down get_down. pfv - m . sg
‘Prateek got down from the horse.’

Indonesian (standard) turun

Valency pattern: SBJ_dari
X: SBJ
Y: dari
Locus: Y
Asep turun dari kuda
pn descend from horse
‘Asep got down from the horse.’

Irish tar anuas

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Tháinig Pól anuas de-n gcapall.
come. pst pn down from- def horse
‘Pól got down from the horse.’

Italian smontare

Valency pattern: SBJ_da
X: SBJ
Y: da
Locus: Y
Leo è smontat-o da cavall-o
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs dismount. pst . ptcp - sg . m by horse- sg . m
‘Leo dismounted the horse.’

Karata rušt’anɬa

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
ʕali xwanjagal rušt’-an
pn horse. el dismount- pf
‘Ali got down from the horse.’

Kazakh tüs

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petya at-tan tüs-tі
pn horse- abl descend- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya got down from the horse.’

Khanty (Kazym) (iλ) wɔχǝλti

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMewelt
X: NOM
Y: NOMewelt
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en λɔw ewǝλt (iλ) wɔχλ-ǝs
pn - ep - poss .2 sg horse from (down) descend- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

Khoekhoe ǁgôaxa

Valency pattern: SBJ_xu
X: SBJ
Y: xu
Locus: Y
Petru-b ge hā-b-a xu go ǁgôaxa
pn -3 m . sg decl horse-3 m . sg - obl from rpst come_down
‘Peter got down from the horse.’

Khwarshi j/eqʷa

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER.EL
X: ABS
Y: SUPER.EL
Locus: Y
šamil sajro-ƛ'o-žo (q'udul) eq-qa
pn horse( iii )- super - el on.the.ground go.out- pst . w
‘Shamil got down from the horse.’

Komi-Permyak več́č́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vylis
X: NOM
Y: vylis
Locus: Y
Pet'a več́č́-i-s vöv vi̮l'-iś
pn get_down- pret -3 horse top- ela
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

Komi-Zyrian leč́č́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vilis
X: NOM
Y: vilis
Locus: Y
Pet'a leč́č́-i-s ve̮v vi̮l-i̮ś
pn dismount- pret -3 horse top- ela
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

Kpelle (Guinean) kǔlo

Valency pattern: SBJ_mei
X: SBJ
Y: mei
Locus: Y
àá kùlo mòtó mɛ̀i
3 sg . prf go_out motorbike on4
‘He went down from the motorbike.’

Kryz (Alik) ʕabç'ic

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
terlan barkan-ci-ğar ʕaç'-id
pn horse- obl - superel go_in. pfv - aor . m
‘Terlan got down from the horse.’

Kryz (Ismayilli) apsic

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
aslan balkay-ğar ask-id
pn horse. obl - superel go_down. pf - aor . m
‘Aslan got down from the horse.’

Kryz (proper) ʕabç'ic

Valency pattern: NOM_INEL
X: NOM
Y: INEL
Locus: Y
aslan balkan-c-aʕar ʕaç'-id
pn horse- obl - inel go_down. pf - aor . m
‘Aslan got down from the horse.’

Kumyk tümek

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
basir at-dan tüš-d-ü
pn horse- abl go.down- pst -3 sg
‘Basir got down from the horse.’

Kurdish (Sorani) dabezîn

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_le
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: le
Locus: Y
Hîwa le hesp-eke-î dabezî-Ø
pn from horse- def - obl dismount. pst -3 sg
‘Hiwa got down from the horse.’
Note: The exact morphemic boundaries in "dabezî" are not fully clear.

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) peya bûn (intr)

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_jiOBL
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: jiOBL
Locus: Y
zilam ji hesp-ê peya bû
man from horse- obl . f pedestrian be. pfv .3 sg
‘The man got down from the horse.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Lak (Quba)

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEL
Locus: Y
Maħammad u<w>č'-und-i ča-j-atu
pn <1>1.go.down- aor -3 p horse. obl - sup - el 1
‘Mohammad got down from the horse.’

Latin descendo

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
quibus de caus-is Sull-am dictator-em un-i sibi descend-ere equ-o
which. abl . pl of cause( f )- abl . pl pn ( m )- acc . sg disctator( m )- acc . sg one- dat . m refl . dat dismount[ prs ]- inf . act horse( m )- abl . sg
‘For these reasons Sulla the dictator used to only dismount from a horse before him. ’
Note: (Sal. Hist. V, 20, 2)

Laz o-xt'-im-u

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Käzim-i cxen-išen ge-Ø-xt'-u
pn - nom horse- abl prv - s 3-go- s 3 sg . pst
‘Käzim came down from the horse.’

Lezgian (Yargun) ivic’in

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEL
Locus: Y
Sahib ppalkkan-d-laa ivicˈ-na
pn horse- obl - supel descend- aor
‎‎‎‘Sahib got down from the horse.’

Macedonian sleze

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Petar sleze od konj-ot
pn go_down( pfv ). aor .3 sg from horse( m ). sg - art . m . sg
‘Petar got down from the horse.’

Maltese niżel

Valency pattern: SBJ_minn
X: SBJ
Y: minn
Locus: Y
Ġwanni niżel minn fuq iż-żiemel
pn go.down. pf . m .3 sg from on def -horse
‘Ġwanni got down from the horse.’

Maninka (Eastern) jìi

Valency pattern: SBJ_kan
X: SBJ
Y: kan
Locus: Y
Sékù bára jìi à lá móto` kàn.
pn prf descend 3 sg poss motorbike\ art on
‘Seku has got down from the motorbike.’

Mano yɔ̀ló

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: là
Locus: Y
ē yɔ̀ló mòtōò là
3 sg . pst go.down motorbike on
‘S/he got off the motobike.’

Mansi (Northern) xotkwalapas

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
jēn’a buran-e-nǝl xot-kwal-ap-as
pn snowmobile- poss .3 sg - el from-stand- pfv - pst [3 sg ]
‘Eugene dismounted from his snowmobile.’

Mehweb če- -arces

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.EL
Locus: Y
Islam če-w-w-arc-ur jaˤbu-li-če-la
pn pv - m - m -unmount: pfv - aor horse- obl - super - el
‘Islam got down from the horse.’

Mingrelian gim-Ø-ur-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_ABL
X: ERG
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
čelo-k cxen-(i)še(n) gim-Ø-e-l-(u)
pn - erg horse- abl prv - s 3- ver : s -go-( s 3 sg . pst )
‘Chelo got down from the horse.’

Nanai xulun-

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petia moren oja-ǯea-ni xuluŋ-ki-ni
pn horse surface- abl - p .3 sg go_down- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia got down from the horse.’
Note: The ablative marker can also be attached attached directly to the Y-argument (‘the horse’).

Nivkh caqrd

Valency pattern: SBJ_LOC/ABL
X: SBJ
Y: LOC/ABL
Locus: Y
Kaskazik murŋ-ux caqr-d
pn horse- loc / abl jump- ind
‘Kaskazik got down from the horse.’

Norwegian Bokmål å stige av

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per steg av hest-en
pn climb. pst of horse- def . m . sg
‘Per got down from the horse.’
Note: Phrasal verb (av is not a flagging device).

Oromo (West Central) buʔa

Valency pattern: NOM_ABSirraa
X: NOM
Y: ABSirraa
Locus: Y
nam-ittʃ-i fard-ittʃa irraa buʔ-e
man- def - nom horse- def . abs on. abl get_down-3 sg . m . pfv
‘The man got down from the horse.’

Persian pīyāde šodan

Valency pattern: NOM_azNOM
X: NOM
Y: azNOM
Locus: Y
ahmad az asb pīyāde šod
pn from horse on_foot become. pst .3 sg
‘Ahmad got down from the horse.’

Polish zejść

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Jacek zszed-ł z koni-a
pn [ nom . sg ] go_down: pfv \ pst - pst [ m .3 sg ] from horse- gen . sg
‘Jacek got down from the horse.’

Portuguese (Brazilian) desmontar

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Pedro desmont-a do cavalo
pn ( m ) dismount-3 sg . prs of+ def . m horse( m )
‘Pedro dismounted the horse.’

Romani (Kalderash) hulel

Valency pattern: NOM_pa
X: NOM
Y: pa
Locus: Y
o Murš-a hul-ist-o pa grast
art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg dismount- pst -3 sg . m from horse[ nom . sg ]
‘Murša got down from the horse.’

Romanian a descăleca

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Petru a descălecat
pn aux .3 sg dismount. pst . ptcp
‘Petru dismounted.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as part of the predicate.

Russian sleztʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_sGEN
X: NOM
Y: sGEN
Locus: Y
Pet-ja slez s lošad-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg dismount( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] from horse( f )- gen . sg
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

Rutul (Kina) saɁ seč’ura

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.EL
X: NOM
Y: SUP.EL
Locus: Y
rasul hejwan-a-la saɁ s-e-č’u-r=a
pn ( nom ) horse- obl ( sup )- el down. lat pv - pv -1.get.down. pfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul got down from the horse.’

Rutul (Mukhad) (saʔ) saˤč'uˤn

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
murad jivan-dııla saʔ saˤč'uˤ-ri
pn horse- obl . superel down ( m )go_down. pf - aor
‘Murad got down from the horse.’
Note: saʔ is partially optional, it functions as an adverb here.

Rutul (Myukhrek)

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
mırad heyvan-ala suçu-ri
pn horse- superel m .dismount. pf - aor
‘Murad got down from the horse.’

Rutul (Shin-Borch) suˤçuˤn

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
murad balkan-dııla suˤçuˤ-r
pn horse- obl . superel ( m )dismount. pf - aor
‘Murad got down from the horse.’

Rutul (Shinaz) saʔ seč'u-n

Valency pattern: NOM_EL
X: NOM
Y: EL
Locus: Y
basir saʔ seč'u-r hijvan-a-la
pn ( n )down ( m )dismount. pf - aor horse- obl - el
‘Basir got down from the horse.’

Saami (Skolt) luâšttõõttâd

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Peâtt luâšttõõđ-i (vuâlas) heäppaz sieʹlj-est
pn . sg . nom descend- pst .3 sg (downwards) horse. sg . gen back- sg . loc
‘Pete got down from the horse.’

Sagada boqa

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER.ABL
X: ABS
Y: SUPER.ABL
Locus: Y
ʕali gulu-ƛ’-oj oq-ii
pn horse- super - abl ( i )become- pst
‘Ali got down from the horse.’

Serbian sići

Valency pattern: NOM_sGEN
X: NOM
Y: sGEN
Locus: Y
Petar je siša-o s konj-a
pn . nom . sg be. prs .3 sg go.down- part . perf . m . sg from.up horse- gen . sg
‘Petar got down from the horse.’

Shughni xāvdow

Valency pattern: NOM.NO.CL_EL-SUP
X: NOM.NO.CL
Y: EL-SUP
Locus: Y
Azim as vorǰ-ti xāv-d
pn el horse- sup descend- pst
‘Azim got down from the horse.’

Slovak zosadnúť

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Peter zosado-l z koň-a
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] jump_off( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] from horse( m )- gen . sg
‘Peter jumped off the horse.’

Slovenian zlesti

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Peter je zleze-l s konj-a
pn [ nom . sg ] aux .3 sg dismount: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] from horse- gen . sg
‘Peter got down from the horse.’

Spanish apearse

Valency pattern: SBJ_de
X: SBJ
Y: de
Locus: Y
Pedro se ape-ó de=l caballo
pn [ sg . m ] refl .3 sg dismount- aor .3 sg from= art . def . sg . m horse[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro got down from the horse.’

Svan ä-Ø-sk'n-e (PRS)

Valency pattern: ERG_ABL.SUBL
X: ERG
Y: ABL.SUBL
Locus: Y
maizer-d č'äž-xän-ču an-Ø-sk'in-e
pn - erg horse- abl - subl prv : prox - s 3-hop- pst
‘Maizer hopped down from the horse.’

Swedish att kliva av

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn klev av häst-en
pn climb. pst of horse- def . c . sg
‘Björn got down from the horse.’
Note: Phrasal verb (av is not a flagging device).

Tabasaran (Kandyk)

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER.ELAT
X: ABS
Y: SUPER.ELAT
Locus: Y
maˁhaˁmad haˁjvn.i-l-an eldeʔ-nu
pn ( abs ) horse- super - elat ( h . sg )get.down- pst
‘Mahamad got down from the horse.’

Tagalog bumaba

Valency pattern: ACT_mulaPATH
X: ACT
Y: mulaPATH
Locus: Y
b<um>aba si Pedro mula sa kabayo
< av > pfv .go_down pers . subj pn from dat horse
‘Pedro got down from the horse.’

Telugu digu

Valency pattern: NOM_OBLmidanunci
X: NOM
Y: OBLmidanunci
Locus: Y
pravīṇ gurramu mīda-nuṁci digāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom horse( n ). sg . obl on- abl come_down. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen got down from the horse.’

Tsakhur q:eʔeč’iy

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPEREL
X: NOM
Y: SUPEREL
Locus: Y
murad balkan-ıle q:eʔeč’u
pn horse- superel ( m )dismount. pf
‘Murad got down from the horse.’

Tswana fologa

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
mo-nna o-folog-il-e Ø-pitse
sg -man(1) s i :cl1-get.down.from- prf - fv sg -horse(9)
‘The man got down from the horse.’

Turkish inmek

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Mehmet at-tan in-di
pn horse- abl descend- pst
‘Mehmet got down from the horse.’

Turoyo noḥət

Valency pattern: SBJ.SS_m.7al
X: SBJ.SS
Y: m.7al
Locus: Y
Gabriyel naḥət m ʕal u səsyo
pn descend. pfv .3 m from on art . m horse( m )
‘Gabriyel got down from the horse.’

Twi sifiri

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Kofi sifiri-i pᴐnkᴐ no so
pn get_down- pst horse def on
‘Kofi got down from the horse.’

Udi śiyes

Valency pattern: ABS_ABL
X: ABS
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Ram ěq-axun śir=e
pn horse- abl get_down. aor =3 sg
‘Ram got down from the horse.’

Udmurt vaśki̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMvilis
X: NOM
Y: NOMvilis
Locus: Y
Pet'a val vi̮l-i̮ś vaśk-iz
pn . nom horse. nom upper_part- ela dismount- pst .3 sg
‘Petja dismounted from the horse.’

Ukrainian zlizty

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o zliz iz konj-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg dismount( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] from2 horse( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro got down from the horse.’

Ulcha xulunǯu-

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
ama murin-ǯi xulun-ǯu-xə-ni
father horse- ins climb_out- rep - pst -3 sg
‘Father got down from the horse.’

Uzbek tušmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Petya ot-tan tuš-ti
pn horse- abl get_down- pst .3 sg
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

Wolof wàcc

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBJ
Locus: TR
golo g-i wàcc na garab g-i
monkey( g ) cl g - def get.down prf .s i :3 sg tree( g ) cl g - def
‘The monkey got down from the tree.’

Yukaghir (Northern) kǝriǝ=

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Sǝmiǝn johodilǝ-ɣаt kǝriǝ-j
pn horse- abl descend- intr .3 sg
‘Semien got down from the horse.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_ra.PSTP
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: ra.PSTP
Locus: Y
oxɨr ɛstor=ra amɛ war
pn horse=from come. pst down
‘Oxir got down from the horse.’