BivalTyp

Macedonian

Contributed by Vladimir Fedorov and Maria Khazhomia.

The data were gathered in 2017. The language of elicitation was Russian.

How to cite

Fedorov, Vladimir and Maria Khazhomia. 2025. Bivalent patterns in Macedonian. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on January 8, 2025; last revised on January 8, 2025.) (Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info, Accessed on )

Basic info

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain боли

Valency pattern: ACC_SBJ
X: ACC
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
Петар го боли глава
pn pro .3 sg . m . acc ache( ipfv ). prs .3 sg head
‘Petar has a headache.’

2. have (illness) боледува

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Петар боледува од грип
pn be_sick( ipfv ). prs .3 sg from flu
‘Petar has the flu.’

3. be afraid се плаши

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Петар се плаши од куче
pn refl be_afraid( ipfv ). prs .3 sg from dog
‘Petar is afraid of the dog.’

4. throw фрли

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар фрли камен
pn throw: pfv . aor .3 sg stone
‘Petar threw a stone.’

5. have enough има доволно

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Петар има доволно пари
pn have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg enough money. pl
‘Petar has enough money.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier

6. resemble личи

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
Петар личи на Маjа
pn resemble( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on pn
‘Petar resembles Maja.’

7. believe верува

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)
X: SBJ
Y: DAT(na)
Locus: Y
Петар ѝ верува на Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . dat believe( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on pn
‘Petar believes Maja.’

8. take зеде

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар зеде книга
pn take( pfv ). aor .3 sg book
‘Petar took a book.’

9. see гледа

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар го гледа овој дом
pn pro .3 sg . m . acc see( ipfv ). prs .3 sg this. m house
‘Petar sees this house.’

10. influence влијае

Valency pattern: SBJ_vrz
X: SBJ
Y: vrz
Locus: Y
возраст-та влијае врз меморија-та
age- art . f . sg influence( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on.top memory- art . f . sg
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter се сретна

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Петар се сретна со Маjа
pn refl meet( pfv ). aor .3 sg with pn
‘Petar encountered Maja.’

12. enter влезе

Valency pattern: SBJ_vo
X: SBJ
Y: vo
Locus: Y
Петар влезе во дом-от
pn come_in( pfv ). aor .3 sg in house- art . m . sg
‘Petar entered the house.’

13. win победи

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја победи Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc win( pfv ). aor .3 sg pn
‘Petar beat Maja.’

14. go out излезе

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Петар излезе од куќа-та
pn come_out( pfv ). aor .3 sg from house- art . f . sg
‘Petar went out of the house.’

15. drive брка

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја брка крава-та
pn pro .3 sg . acc . f drive( ipfv ). prs .3 sg cow- art . f . sg
‘Petar is driving the cow.’

16. bend наведна

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја наведна гранка-та
pn pro .3 sg . acc . f bend( pfv ). aor .3 sg branch- art . f . sg
‘Petar bent the branch.’

17. tell рече

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)
X: SBJ
Y: DAT(na)
Locus: Y
Петар ѝ рече на Маjа: „Дојд-и на гост-и кај мене!“
pn pro .3 sg . dat . f tell( pfv ). aor .3 sg on pn come( pfv )-2 sg . imp on guest- pl at i . obl
‘Petar told Maja: come to my place.’

18. hold држи

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар држи книга во раце-те
pn hold( ipfv ). prs .3 sg book in hand. pl - art . pl
‘Petar is holding a book in his hands.’

19. catch up стигна

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја стигна Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc catch_up( pfv ). aor .3 sg pn
‘Petar caught up with Maja.’

20. milk измолзи

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја измолзи крава-та
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc milk( pfv ). aor .3 sg cow- art . f . sg
‘Petar milked the cow.’

21. reach стигна

Valency pattern: SBJ_do
X: SBJ
Y: do
Locus: Y
Петар стигна до други-от брег
pn reach( pfv ). aor .3 sg up_to other. m - art . m . sg bank
‘Petar reached the other bank.’

22. touch се допре

Valency pattern: SBJ_do
X: SBJ
Y: do
Locus: Y
Петар се допре до ѕид-от
pn refl touch ( pfv ). aor .3 sg up_to wall- art . m . sg
‘Petar touched the wall.’

23. fight се кара

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Петар се кара со Маjа
pn refl fight( ipfv ). prs .3 sg with pn
‘Petar is fighting with Miša.’

24. be friends се дружи

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Петар се дружи со Маjа
pn refl be_friends( ipfv ). prs .3 sg with pn
‘Petar is friends with Maja.’

25. think мисли

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
Петар мисли на Маjа
pn think( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on pn
‘Petar is thinking about Maja.’

26. eat изеде

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар изеде јаболко
pn eat( pfv ). aor .3 sg apple
‘Petar ate an apple.’

27. fry испржи

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар испржи риба
pn fry( pfv ). aor .3 sg fish
‘Petar fried the fish.’

28. wait чека

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја чека Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc wait( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn
‘Petar is waiting for Maja.’

29. forget заборави

Valency pattern: SBJ_za
X: SBJ
Y: za
Locus: Y
Петар заборави за други-от пат
pn forget( pfv ). aor .3 sg for other. m - art . m . sg road
‘Petar forgot about the other road.’

30. depend зависи

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
меморија-та зависи од возраст-та
memory- art . f . sg depend( ipfv ). prs .3 sg from age- art . f . sg
‘Memory depends on age.’

31. call викна

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја викна Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc call( pfv ). aor .3 sg pn
‘Petar called Maja.’

32. get to know се запозна

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Петар се запозна со Маjа пред едн-а година
pn refl get_to_know( pfv ). aor .3 sg with pn in_front one- f . sg year
‘Petar got to know Maja a year ago.’

33. know знае

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја знае Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc know( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn
‘Petar knows Maja.’

34. play (instrument) свири

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
Петар свири на гитара
pn play( ipfv ). aor .3 sg on guitar
‘Petar is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid одбегнува

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја одбегнува Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc avoid( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn
‘Petar avoids Maja.’

36. make направи

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар направи бомба
pn make( pfv ). aor .3 sg bomb
‘Petar made a mousetrap.’

37. make fun се потсмева

Valency pattern: SBJ_nad
X: SBJ
Y: nad
Locus: Y
Петар се потсмева над Маjа
pn refl make_fun( ipfv ). prs .3 sg above pn
‘Petar is making fun of Maja.’

38. have има

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар има кола
pn have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg car. pl
‘Petar has a car.’

39. look for бара

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ги бара клучеви-те
pn pro .3 pl . acc look_for( ipfv ). prs .3 sg key. pl - art . pl
‘Petar is looking for his keys.’

40. paint бојадиса

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја бојадиса ограда-та
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc paint( pfv ). aor .3 sg fence- art . f . sg
‘Petar painted the fence.’

41. bite касна

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар го касна куче
pn pro .3 sg . m . acc bite( pfv ). aor .3 sg dog
‘A dog bit Petar.’

42. forfeit остана

Valency pattern: SBJ_bez
X: SBJ
Y: bez
Locus: Y
Петар остана без дом
pn remain( pfv ). aor .3 sg without house
‘Petar lost hist house.’

43. try to catch брка

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја брка мачка-та
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc catch( ipfv ). prs .3 sg cat- art . f . sg
‘Petar is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break скрши

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар го скрши стап-от
pn pro .3 sg . m . acc break( pfv ). aor .3 sg stick- art . m . sg
‘Petar broke a stick.’

45. flatter ласка

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)
X: SBJ
Y: DAT(na)
Locus: Y
Петар ѝ ласка на Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . dat flatter( pfv ). aor .3 sg on pn
‘Petar is flattering Maja.’

46. love (person) сака

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја сака Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc love( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn
‘Petar loves Maja.’

47. wave мавта

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Петар мавта со марама
pn wave( ipfv ). prs .3 sg with handkerchief
‘Petar is waving a handkerchief.’

48. dream мечтае

Valency pattern: SBJ_za
X: SBJ
Y: za
Locus: Y
Петар мечтае за нова кола
pn dream( ipfv ). prs .3 sg for new car. pl
‘Petar is dreaming of a new car.’

49. wash изми

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја изми чашка-та
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc wash( pfv ). aor .3 sg cup- art . f . sg
‘Petar washed the cup.’

50. put on облече

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар облече пантолони
pn put_on( pfv ). aor .3 sg trousers. pl
‘Petar put on his trousers.’

51. be called се вика

Valency pattern: SBJ_BARE
X: SBJ
Y: BARE
Locus: Y
овој прибор се вика компас
this. m . sg device refl call( ipfv ). prs .3 sg compass
‘This device is called a compass.’

52. punish казни

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја казни Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc punish( pfv ). aor .3 sg pn
‘Petar punished his son.’

53. attack нападна

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
мечка го нападна рибар-от
bear pro .3 sg . m . acc attack( pfv ). aor .3 sg fisherman- art . m . sg
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) се наполни

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
ведро-то се наполни со вода
bucket- art . n . sg refl fill( pfv ). aor .3 sg with water
‘The bucket filled with water.’

55. find најде

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ги најде клучеви-те
pn pro .3 pl . acc find( pfv ). aor .3 sg key. pl - art . pl
‘Petar found his keys.’

56. be short фали

Valency pattern: DAT(na)_SBJ
X: DAT(na)
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
на Петар му фали една рубља
on pn pro .3 sg . m . dat lack( ipfv ). prs .3 sg one. f . sg rouble
‘Petar is one rouble short.’

57. hate мрази

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја мрази Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc hate( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn
‘Petar hates Maja.’

58. like се допаѓа

Valency pattern: DAT(na)_SBJ
X: DAT(na)
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
на Петар му се допаѓа таа кошул-а
on pn pro .3 sg . m . dat refl like( ipfv ). prs .3 sg this. f . sg shirt
‘Petar likes this shirt.’

59. need требаат

Valency pattern: DAT(na)_SBJ
X: DAT(na)
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
на Петар му требаат пари
on pn pro .3 sg . m . dat be_necessary( ipfv ). prs .3 pl money. pl
‘Petar needs money.’

60. surround опкружуваат

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ѕидови-те го опкружуваат град-от
wall. pl - art . pl pro .3 sg . m . acc surround( ipfv )- prs .3 pl city- art . m . sg
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain останаа

Valency pattern: DAT(na)_SBJ
X: DAT(na)
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
на Петар му останаа десет рубљи
on pn pro .3 sg . m . dat remain( pfv ). aor .3 pl ten rouble. pl
‘Petar has ten roubles left.’

62. answer одговори

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)
X: SBJ
Y: DAT(na)
Locus: Y
Петар му одговори на негови-от учител
pn pro .3 sg . m . dat answer( pfv ). aor .3 sg on his- art . m . sg teacher
‘Petar answered his teacher.’

63. open отвори

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја отвори тегла-та
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc open( pfv ). aor .3 sg can- art . f . sg
‘Petar opened a can.’

64. be different се разликува

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
мој-а-та кошула се разликува од твој-а-та
my- f . sg - art . f . sg shirt refl distinguish( ipfv ). prs .3 sg from your- f . sg - art . f . sg
‘My shirt is different from yours.’

65. fall behind заостана

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Петар заостана од Маjа
pn fall_behind( pfv ). aor .3 sg from pn
‘Petar fell behind Maja.’

66. plough ора

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар го ора поле-то
pn pro .3 sg . n . acc plough( ipfv ). prs .3 sg field- art . n . sg
‘Petar is ploughing the field.’

67. smell мирисаат

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
раце-те ми мирисаат на бензин
hand. pl - art . pl pro .1 sg . dat smell( ipfv ). prs .3 pl on gasoline
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’

68. cross премина

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја премина улица-та
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc cross( pfv ). aor .3 sg street- art . f . sg
‘Petar crossed the street.’

69. sing испеа

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар испеа убав-а песна
pn sing( pfv ). aor .3 sg beautiful- f . sg song
‘Petar sang a beautiful song.’

70. write напиша

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар напиша писмо
pn write( pfv ). aor .3 sg letter
‘Petar wrote a letter.’

71. drink испи

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар го испи млеко-то
pn pro .3 sg . m . acc drink( pfv ). aor .3 sg milk- art . n . sg
‘Petar drank the milk.’

72. melt стопи

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар го стопи железо-то
pn pro .3 sg . n . acc melt( pfv ). aor .3 sg iron- art . n . sg
‘Petar melted a piece of lead.’

73. match одговара

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
овој појас одговара на мој-от фустан
this. m . sg belt match( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on my. m - art . m . sg dress
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave напушти

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар го напушти родни-от град
pn pro .3 sg . m . acc leave( pfv ). aor .3 sg native. m - art . m . sg city
‘Petar left his native city.’

75. cover покрива

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
тепих-от го покрива сиот под
carpet- art . m . sg pro .3 sg . m . acc cover( ipfv ). prs .3 sg all. art . m . sg floor
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember се сеќава

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
Петар добро се сеќава на куќа-та
pn well refl remember( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on house- art . f . sg
‘Petar remembers the house well.’

77. help помогна

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)
X: SBJ
Y: DAT(na)
Locus: Y
Петар ѝ помогна на Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . dat help( pfv ). aor .3 sg on pn
‘Petar helped Maja.’

78. understand (language) разбира

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар разбира француски
pn understand( ipfv ). prs .3 sg f rench
‘Petar understands French.’

79. hit (target) удри

Valency pattern: SBJ_vo
X: SBJ
Y: vo
Locus: Y
гром удри во куќа-та
lightning hit( pfv ). aor .3 sg in house- art . f . sg
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself се пресече

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Петар се пресече со брич
pn refl cut( pfv ). aor .3 sg with razor
‘Petar cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck се залепи

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
чаша-та се залепи на маса-та
glass- art . f . sg refl stick( pfv ). aor .3 sg on table- art . f . sg
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) изгубил

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Петар изгуби-л од Маjа
pn lose( pfv )- prf . sg .М from pn
‘Petar lost to Maja.’

83. be glad се израдува

Valency pattern: SBJ_za
X: SBJ
Y: za
Locus: Y
Петар се израдува за писмо-то
pn refl be_glad( pfv ). aor .3 sg for letter- art . n . sg
‘Petar was glad about the letter.’

84. speak разговара

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Петар разговара со Маjа
pn speak( ipfv ). prs .3 sg with pn
‘Petar is speaking with Maja.’

85. give birth роди

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Маjа ја роди Сања
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc give_birth( pfv ). aor .3 sg pn
‘Maja gave birth to a son.’

86. drop падна

Valency pattern: DAT(na)_SBJ
X: DAT(na)
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
на Петар му падна чаша-та
on pn pro .3 sg . m . dat fall( pfv ). aor .3 sg glass- art . f . sg
‘Petar dropped the glass.’

87. govern раководи

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Петар раководи со населба-та
pn govern( ipfv ). prs .3 sg with settlement- art . f . sg
‘Petar runs our settlement.’

88. miss недостига

Valency pattern: DAT(na)_SBJ
X: DAT(na)
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
на Петар му недостига Маjа
on pn pro .3 sg . m . dat miss( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn
‘Petar misses Maja.’

89. follow следи

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја следи Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc follow( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn
‘Petar follows Maja.’

90. dismount слезе

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Петар слезе од коњ-от
pn go_down( pfv ). aor .3 sg from horse- art . f . sg
‘Petar got down from the horse.’

91. listen слуша

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар слуша радио
pn listen( ipfv ). prs .3 sg radio
‘Petar is listening to radio.’

92. obey слуша

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја слуша мајка му
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc listen( ipfv ). prs .3 sg mother pro .3 sg . m . dat
‘Petar listens to his mother.’

93. hear слуша

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар слуша музика
pn hear( ipfv ). prs .3 sg music
‘Petar hears the music.’

94. mix се измеша

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
мед-от се измеша со млеко-то
honey- art . m . sg refl mix( pfv ). aor .3 sg with milk- art . n . sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look гледа

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
Петар гледа на облаци-те
pn look( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on cloud. pl - art . pl
‘Petar is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off слече

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја слече кошула-та
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc take_off( pfv ). aor .3 sg shirt- art . f . sg
‘Petar took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) се сонува

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)
X: SBJ
Y: DAT(na)
Locus: Y
Петар ѝ се сонува на Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . dat refl dream( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on pn
‘Petar dreams about Maja.’

98. agree се согласи

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Петар се согласи со Маjа
pn refl agree( pfv ). aor .3 sg with pn
‘Petar agreed with Maja.’

99. have a quarrel се скара

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Петар се скара со Маjа
pn refl qurrel( pfv ). aor .3 sg with pn
‘Petar had a quarrel with Maja.’

100. cost чини

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
оваа чаша чини 40 рубљи
this. f . sg glass cost( ipfv ). prs .3 sg forty rouble. pl
‘This glass costs forty roubles.’

101. shoot at пукна

Valency pattern: SBJ_vo
X: SBJ
Y: vo
Locus: Y
Петар пукна во птица-та
pn shoot( pfv ). aor .3 sg in bird- art . f . sg
‘Petar shot at the bird.’

102. pour тури

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар тури шеќер во чаша-та
pn pour( pfv ). aor .3 sg sugar in cup- art . f . sg
‘Petar poured sugar into the cup.’

103. lose загина

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ги загина клучеви-те
pn pro .3 pl . acc lose( pfv ). aor .3 sg keys. pl - art . pl
‘Petar lost the keys.’

104. sink потона

Valency pattern: SBJ_vo
X: SBJ
Y: vo
Locus: Y
трупче-то потона во вода-та
log- art . n . sg sink( pfv ). aor .3 sg in water- art . f . sg
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill уби

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја уби Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc kill( pfv ). aor .3 sg pn
‘Petar killed Maja.’

106. hit удри

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја удри Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc hit( pfv ). aor .3 sg pn
‘Petar hit Maja.’

107. kiss бакна

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја бакна Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc kiss( pfv ). aor .3 sg pn
‘Petar kissed Maja.’

108. read прочита

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар прочита интересн-а книга
pn read( pfv ). aor .3 sg interesting- f . sg book
‘Petar read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) мрдна

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Петар мрдна со прст-от
pn move( pfv ). aor .3 sg with finger- art . m . sg
‘Petar moved his finger.’

110. respect почитува

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја почитува Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc respect( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn
‘Petar respects Maja.’

111. be squeamish се гнаси

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Петар се гнаси од валкан-и садови
pn refl disgust( ipfv ). prs .3 sg from dirty- pl dish. pl
‘Petar is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content задоволен

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Петар е задоволен од свој-от син
pn be( ipfv ). prs .3 sg satisfied. m . sg from one’s- art . m . sg son
‘Petar is satisfied with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

113. fall in love се вљуби

Valency pattern: SBJ_vo
X: SBJ
Y: vo
Locus: Y
Петар се вљуби во Маjа
pn refl fall_in_love( pfv ). aor .3 sg in pn
‘Petar fell in love with Maja.’

114. trust верува

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)
X: SBJ
Y: DAT(na)
Locus: Y
Петар ѝ верува на Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . dat believe( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on pn
‘Petar trusts Maja.’

115. sympathise жали

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја жали мајка му
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc sympathise( ipfv ). prs .3 sg mother pro .3 sg . m . dat
‘Petar sympathises with his mother.’

116. envy завидува

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)
X: SBJ
Y: DAT(na)
Locus: Y
Петар ѝ завидува на Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . dat envy( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on pn
‘Petar envies Maja.’

117. be angry се лути

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
Петар се лути на Маjа
pn refl be_angry( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on pn
‘Petar is angry with Maja.’

118. be surprised се зачуди

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Петар се зачуди од подарок-от
pn refl surprise( pfv ). aor .3 sg from gift- art . m . sg
‘Petar was surprised at this gift.’

119. love (tea) сака

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар сака чај
pn love( ipfv ). prs .3 sg tea
‘Petar loves tea.’

120. enjoy се насладува

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Петар се насладува со топол чај
pn refl enjoy( ipfv ). prs .3 sg with warm. m . sg tea
‘Petar enjoys hot tea.’

121. want сака

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар сака нов мобилен
pn want( ipfv ). prs .3 sg new. m . sg mobile_phone
‘Petar wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge се лути

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
Петар се лути на Маjа
pn refl make_angry( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on pn
‘Petar holds a grudge against Maja.’

123. take offence се налути

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
Петар се налути на Маjа
pn refl make_angry( pfv ). aor .3 sg on pn
‘Petar took offence at Maja.’

124. upset огорчи

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар многу ја огорчи Маjа
pn very pro .3 sg . f . acc upset( pfv ). aor .3 sg pn
‘Petar greatly upset Maja.’

125. marvel поразен

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Петар беше поразен од тој град
pn be( ipfv ). impf .3 sg stun. ptcp . pass . m . sg from this. m . sg city
‘Petar was impressed by this town.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive participle).

126. despise презира

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја презира Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc despise( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn
‘Petar despises Maja.’

127. get upset се огорчи

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Петар се огорчи од свој-от син
pn refl upset( pfv ). aor .3 sg from one’s- art . m . sg son
‘Petar got upset with his son.’

128. get irritated се гневи

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
Петар се гневи на ќерка му
pn refl irritate( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on daughter pro .3 sg . m . dat
‘Petar is getting irritated with his daughter.’

129. be fond симпатизира

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петар ја симпатизира Маjа
pn pro .3 sg . f . acc be_fond( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn
‘Petar is fond of Maja.’

130. be shy се срами

Valency pattern: SBJ_od
X: SBJ
Y: od
Locus: Y
Петар се срами од свој-от раст
pn refl embarrass( ipfv ). prs .3 sg from one’s- art . m . sg height
‘Petar is embarrassed about his height.’