BivalTyp

‘be fond’

Argument frame: X (be fond) of Y
Stimulus sentence: P. is fond of M .
Predicate label Ru: симпатизировать
Argument frame Ru: X (симпатизировать) Y -у
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. симпатизирует М .

Abaza gʷapχa

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
b-sə-m-gʷapχá-za-rkʷənə-z b-g’-ʕá-zə-m-g-wa-šə-z-d
2 sg . f . abs -1 sg . erg - neg -like- pst . nfin - cond - pst . nfin 2 sg . abs - neg - cisl -1 sg . erg - neg -carry- ipf - fut - pst . nfin - dcl
‘If I had not liked you, I would not have married you.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) gʷə rjəhə

Valency pattern: NominalPossessor_ABS
X: NominalPossessor
Y: ABS
Locus: X
pŝaŝe-m č̣ʼale-r ə-gʷ r-j-e-hə
girl- obl guy- abs 3 sg . pr -heart loc : cont -3 sg . erg - dyn -carry
‘The girl likes the guy.’
Note: Lit. ‘The girl’s heart carries the guy’.

Aghul begemiš-tːi + ‘be’

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
aslan.a-s meʜemed begemiš-tːi a
pn - dat pn <like>- adv { in }be: prs
‘Aslan is fond of Muhammad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Alik Kryz hurmat aric

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
terlan-ir rasul-iz hurmat yi-re
pn - erg pn - dat respect do. ipfv - prs . n
‘Terlan is fond of Rasul.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Archi muši -akːus

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
paša-s marin mu-ši d-akːu-r-ši d-i
pn - dat pn be.good- advz 2-see- ipfv - advz 2-be
‘Pasha is fond of Marina.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +avər gu ləbba

Valency pattern: BARE_SBJ
X: BARE
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
a naša +raba gu ləbb-i +vir=əl
dem 1. sg person( m ) very in heart( m )- p .1 sg enter. res . m =3 m
‘I am fond of this person.’

Avar bercin bixize

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM
X: LOC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ʕali-da aħmad bercin w-ix-ula
pn - loc pn nice m -see- ipf
‘Ali is fond of Ahmad.’

Azerbaijani rəğbət bəsləmək

Valency pattern: NOM_DATLAT
X: NOM
Y: DATLAT
Locus: Y
Aslan Rǝsul-a rǝğbǝt bǝslǝ-yir
pn pn - dat / lat fondness feed- ipfv (3)
‘Aslan is fond of Rasul.’

Bafut kɔ̀ŋə̂

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
àmbɛ́ à kɔ̀ŋə̂ tʃí m̀bɛ̀ɛ̀ bì
pn sm love sit/stay near pn
‘Ambe loves being near Bih.’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence.

Bambara ɲuman` + COP + ɲɛ́sin

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
míiriya ɲuman` bɛ́ Sékù lá k’ à ɲɛ́sin Fántà mà.
thought good\ art be pn in inf 3 sg direct pn to
‘Seku is fond of Fanta.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause.

Brazilian Portuguese simpatizar

Valency pattern: SBJ_com
X: SBJ
Y: com
Locus: Y
Pedro simpatiz-a com Miguel
pn ( m ) be_fond-3 sg . prs with pn ( m )
‘Pedro is fond of Miguel.’

Budugh *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Catalan ser carinyós

Valency pattern: SBJ_amb
X: SBJ
Y: amb
Locus: Y
en Pere és carinyós amb en Marc
def . sg . m pn ( m ) be.3 sg . prs . ind affectionate( m ) with def . sg . m pn ( m )
‘Pere is fond of Marc.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Chechen *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Chirag raˤdile b-uχi

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER
X: ABS
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
ʡa̰le rasul-l-i raˤdi-le uχ-ub-le
pn ( abs ) pn - obl - super content- adv ( m . sg )become: pf - aor - res . prs .3
‘Ali is fond of Rasul.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Czech mít rád

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr má rád Michal-a
ppn ( m )[ nom . sg ] have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg glad pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘Petr is fond of Michal.’

Danish holde

Valency pattern: SBJ_af
X: SBJ
Y: af
Locus: Y
Peter holde-r af Marie
pn be_fond- prs of pn
‘Peter is fond of Marie.’

Dutch aardig vinden

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Piet vind-t Marie aardig
pn ( c ) find-3 sg pn ( c ) pretty
‘Piet is fond of Marie.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Eastern Maninka lámìna

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Sékù yé Fántà hína lámìna-la.
pn be pn pity respond- inf . la
‘Seku sympathises with Fanta.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

English be fond

Valency pattern: SBJ_of
X: SBJ
Y: of
Locus: Y
Peter is fond of Mary.
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Estonian kiindunud olema

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Peeter on Mareti-sse kiindu-nud
pn . sg . nom be. prs .3 sg pn - ill become_fond- act . pst . ptcp
‘Peeter is fond of Maret.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Finnish tykätä

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pekka tykkä-ä Mati-sta
pn . nom like- prs .3 sg pn - ela
‘Pekka is fond of Matti.’

Forest Enets *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

French apprécier

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Paul apprecie Marie
pn ( m ) appreciate. prs .3 sg pn ( f )
‘Paul appreciates Marie.’

Georgian Ø-giž-d-eb-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT.SUPERESS
X: NOM
Y: DAT.SUPERESS
Locus: Y
p'et're-Ø mašo-ze Ø-giž-d-eb-a
pn - nom pn - pstp : superess s 3-go_crazy- intr - sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Petre is fond of Masho.’
Note: The translation is approximate.

German mögen

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl mag Marie sehr
pn [ nom . sg ] like. prs .3 sg pn [ acc . sg ] very
‘Karl is very fond of Marie.’

Guinean Kpelle *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Hindi pasaṁd honā

Valency pattern: DAT_DIR
X: DAT
Y: DIR
Locus: X
Pratīk ko Mohan pasaṁd hɛ.
pn ( m ). sg . obl acc / dat pn ( m ). sg . dir liked be. prs .3 sg
‘Prateek likes Mohan.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Icari Dargwa ʕaˤħ-k-eːrcː-araj

Valency pattern: SUPLAT_ABS
X: SUPLAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
Islam-lij Nadir ʕaˤħ-k-eːrcː-ar
pn - suplat pn . abs good- on -( m ) lv : ipf - hab
‘Islam is fond of Nadir.’

Irish bí mór

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
Tá Pól mór le Máire.
be. prs pn big with pn
‘Pól is fond of Máire.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Ismayilli Kryz

Valency pattern: ERG_INESS
X: ERG
Y: INESS
Locus: Y
aslan-ir rasul-a hürmat aqh-ire
pn - erg pn - iness respect hold. ipf - prs
‘Aslan is fond of Rasul.’
Note: Arguably, the possessor NP is a clause-level dependent.

Italian stare simpatico

Valency pattern: NDIR.OBJ_SBJ
X: NDIR.OBJ
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
a Leo st-a simpatic-a Maria
to pn ( m ) stay-3 sg . prs nice- sg . f pn ( f )
‘Leo is fond of Maria.’

Kadar Dargwa ʡaˤħ-CL-iz-es / ʡaˤħ-CL-ilz-es

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
meħamad-i-s ʡaˤħ-r-ilz-an ʡaˤšura
pn - obl - dat good- f -stand. ipfv - th pn
‘Muhammad is fond of Ashura.’

Kalderash Romani *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Kandyk Tabasaran *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Karata rak’wal beʔaɬa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ʕalja aħmat’ rak’wa-l w-eʔ-da
pn . dat pn heart- erg m -take- ipf
‘Ali is fond of Ahmat.’

Kaytag Dargwa ʕaˁhkabic:ara

Valency pattern: DATLAT_NOM
X: DATLAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
petja-j ʕaˁhkaric:-ur maša
pn - datlat f .be_appealing. pf - aor pn
‘Petja is fond of Masha.’

Kazakh unat

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya Maša-nï unat-adï
pn pn - acc sympathize- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya is fond of Masha.’

Kazym Khanty *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Khoekhoe ǀnam

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petru-b ge Maria-s-a a ǀnam
pn -3 m . sg decl pn -3 f . sg - obl aux love
‘Peter is fond of Maria.’

Khwarshi lok'ʷa j/eza

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
učitele-l lok'ʷa ez-na is-a učenik
teacher- dat heart( iv ) [ i ]carry- pst . w dem . an . o . i - gen 1 pupil( i )
‘The teacher liked the pupil.’
Note: This sentence is semantically slightly different from the stimulus.

Kina Rutul *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Kryz Proper

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
aslan-ir rasul-is reğbet yi-ri
pn - erg pn - dat friendship n .do. ipf - prs . n
‘Aslan is fond of Rasul.’

Kumyk ušatmaq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: DO
Locus: TR
patimat rasul-nu ušat-a
pn pn - acc like-3 sg
‘Patimat is fond of Rasul.’

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) hez kirin (tr)

Valency pattern: SBJ.TR_jiOBL
X: SBJ.TR
Y: jiOBL
Locus: Y
zilam ji jin-ê pir hez di-k-e
man from woman- obl . f much love prs -do. ipfv -3 sg
‘The man likes the woman a lot.’

Latin consentio

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
(Anim-i) facile iis [quibus delecta-ntur] consenti-unt
soul( m )- nom . pl easily that. dat . pl . n which. dat . pl . n amuse[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 pl be_fond[ prs . ind ]- act .3 pl
‘(Minds) easily agree with that what pleases them.’
Note: (Quint. Inst. V. 11, 19)

Laz o-c'on-u

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Käzim-i-s Fatma-Ø dido mo-Ø-c'on-s
pn - b - dat pn - nom much prv - io 3-like- s 3 sg
‘Käzim likes Fatma a lot.’

Mandarin Chinese xǐhuan

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān hěn xǐhuan Lǐsì
pn very like pn
‘Zhangsan is fond of Lisi.’

Mano *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Mehweb urk'i uržes

Valency pattern: GEN_SUPER.LAT
X: GEN
Y: SUPER.LAT
Locus: XY
Islam-la urk'i urž-uwe le-b Nadir-li-če
pn - gen heart close: ipfv - cvb be- n pn - obl - super ( lat )
‘Islam is fond of Nadir.’
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent.

Mingrelian gur-s gi-Ø-o-xant’-u(n)-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
čelo-s anučia-Ø gur-s gi-Ø-o-xant’-u(n)-Ø
pn - dat pn - nom heart- dat prv - io 3- ver : sup -paint- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Chelo is fond of Anuchia.’
Note: Lit. ‘Chelo has Anuchia painted on his heart.’

Modern Hebrew meχabev

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas meχabev et Menaχem
pn like[ ptcp . sg . m ] do pn
‘Pinchas is fond of Menachem.’

Mukhad Rutul qhıgın

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-ı-s q'urban qhıga-ra
pn - obl - dat pn ( m )love. ipf - hab
‘Murad is fond of Kurban.’

Nanai *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Nivkh *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Northern Akhvakh rak’waroƛa beχuruƛa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pataħi-ƛa madina rak’wa-ro-ƛa j-eχ-e gidi
pn - dat pn heart- obl - dat f -take- seq f . cop
‘Patahi is fond of Madina.’

Northern Mansi *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Northern Yukaghir amuolbunˈ=

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Sǝmiǝn Əkulˈǝ-ŋinˈ аm-uo-l-bunˈ-i
pn pn - dat good- stat - nlzr - des - intr .3 sg
‘Semien is fond of Akulina.’

Norwegian Bokmål å like

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per like-r Ola
pn like- prs pn
‘Per is fond of Ola.’

Polish lubić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Michał lubi Magd-ę
pn [ nom . sg ] love: ipfv . prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Michał is fond of Magda.’

Russian simpatizirovatʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet-ja simpatiziru-et Maš-e
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_fond( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petja is fond of Maša.’

Serbian simpatisati

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petar simpatiše Marij-i
pn . nom . sg be.fond. prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg
‘Petar is fond of Maria.’

Shinaz Rutul bɨt'ra-na hagu-n

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
basir-ɨs bɨt'ra-na hagu-j karam
pn - dat nice- adv ( n )see. pf - aor . m pn
‘Basir is fond of Karam.’

Shughni *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Skolt Saami tuʹǩǩeed

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Peâtt tuʹǩǩad Määrja-st
pn . sg . nom like. prs .3 sg pn . sg . loc
‘Pete is fond of Maria’

Slovak mať rád

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter má rád Mark-a
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg glad pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘Peter is fond of Marek.’

Slovenian biti všeč

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-u je všeč An-a
pn - dat . sg be. prs .3 sg pleasant pn - nom . sg
‘Peter is fond of Ana.’

Sorani Kurdish diɫ xoŝ bûn

Valency pattern: EXT_be
X: EXT
Y: be
Locus: XY
Hîwa diɫ=î xoʂ-e be Perî-î
pn heart=3 sg . pc good-be. prs .3 sg to pn - obl
‘Hiwa is fond of Pari.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Southern Rutul yıxane yidq’ın

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-ı-s aydın yıxane aˤğuˤ-r
pn - obl - dat pn well ( m )come. ipf - prs
‘Murad is fond of Aydin.’

Spanish simpatizar

Valency pattern: SBJ_con
X: SBJ
Y: con
Locus: Y
Pedro simpatiz-a con María
pn [ sg . m ] be_fond- prs .3 sg with pn [ sg . f ]
‘Pedro is fond of Maria.’

Standard Arabic Ɂaḥabba

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Maryam-u tuḥibbu badr-an
pn - nom love. ipf .3 f pn - acc
‘Maryam likes Badr a lot.’

Svan xoča-Ø x-a-bž-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
maizer-s gegi-Ø xoča-Ø x-a-bž-a
pn - dat pn - nom good- nom io 3- ver : sup -deem- prs
‘Maizer is fond of Gegi’ (lit. ‘Maizer finds Gegi good’).

Swedish att tycka om

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn tyck-er om Maja
pn think- prs about pn
‘Björn is fond of Maja.’
Note: Phrasal verb (om is not a flagging device).

Tagalog

Valency pattern: ACT_SBJNV
X: ACT
Y: SBJNV
Locus: Y
gusto ni Pedro si Maria
like pers . gen pn pers . subj pn
‘Pedro likes Maria.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. The interpretation of X as ACT is partially arbitrary (it is based on the analogy with constructions with voice markers).

Telugu muddu + COP

Valency pattern: DAT_ante
X: DAT
Y: ante
Locus: XY
pravīṇ-ku madhuri aṁṭē muddu
pn ( m ). sg . obl - dat pn ( f ). sg . nom that_is kiss( n ). sg . nom
‘Praveen is fond of Madhuri.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Tsakhur q’abıl ıхhay

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-ıs rasul q’abıl vo-r
pn - dat pn please cop - m
‘Murad is fond of Rasul.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Tsudakhar Dargwa *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Tsugni Dargwa *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Turkish sempati duymak

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet Filiz-e sempati duy-or
pn pn - dat liking feel- aor
‘Mehmet is fond of Filiz.’

Turoyo roḥəm

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Gabriyel sagi ko-roḥəm Maryam
pn much prs -like. ipfv .3 m pn
‘Gabriyel likes Maryam a lot.’

Twi ani gye

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Kofi ani gye nanabarima ho
pn eye take grandfather about
‘Kofi is fond of grandfather.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Udmurt *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Ulcha *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Uzbek yoqmoq

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petya-ga Maša yoq-a-di
pn - dat pn like- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja is fond of Maša.’

West Central Oromo leellisa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
obsaa-n nam-ittʃa in leellis-a
pn - nom man- def . abs foc like-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa likes the man.’

Wolof sopp

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBJ
Locus: TR
Omar dafa sopp Sàmba
pn f oc v .s i :3 sg be.fond.of pn
‘Omar is fond of Sàmba.’

Yargun Lezgian xuş qven

Valency pattern: DAT_SUB/POSTEL
X: DAT
Y: SUB/POSTEL
Locus: XY
Sahib-a-z Lale-d-kaa xuș qve-zva
pn - obl - dat pn - obl - sub / postel pleasant come. ipfv - prs
‎‎‎‘Sahib is fond of Lale.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_sero.PSTP
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: sero.PSTP
Locus: Y
o ajɛ=sɛro hed͡z=o
3 sg . m . abs 3 sg . f . obl =onto fond= cop .3 sg . m
‘He is fond of her.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Zilo Andi rok’or-di <j>-iχ.i-j

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM
X: AFF
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pat’imati-<j>o marjam rok’or-di j-iχ.i-j
pn - aff < f > pn [ f ][ nom ] heart- illat f -take. pst - pf
‘Patimat is fond of Mariam.’