Belarusian
Contributed by Olga Gorickaja
The data were gathered in 2017 using the Russian version of the questionnaire.
How to cite
Gorickaja, Olga. 2025. Bivalent patterns in Belarusian.
In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames.
(Data first published on January 8, 2024; last revised on January 8, 2024.)
(Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info , Accessed on )
Basic info
Coordinates: 54.0, 28.0 .
Genealogy (as given in WALS ). Family: Indo-European, genus: Slavic.
Macro-area: Europe.
Data
Subset examples by valency pattern
Any
DAT_GEN
DAT_NOM
NOM_adGEN
NOM_daGEN
NOM_DAT
NOM_GEN
NOM_INS
NOM_naACC
NOM_naLOC
NOM_paDAT
NOM_peradINS
NOM_praACC
NOM_uACC
NOM_uGEN
NOM_uLOC
NOM_zaINS
NOM_zGEN
NOM_zINS
NOM_zzaGEN
TR
uGEN_NOM
Subset examples by locus
Any
TR
X
XY
Y
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Алес-ю
бал-іць
галав-а
pn
-
dat
.
sg
ache(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
head-
nom
.
sg
‘Ales’ has a headache.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
хварэ-е
на
грып
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
be_sick(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
на
flu[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ has the flu.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
ба-іц-ца
сабак-і
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
be_afraid(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
dog-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ is afraid of the dog.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
кіну-ў
камень
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
throw(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
stone[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ threw a stone.’
Valency pattern:
DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Алес-ю
хапа-е
грош-ай
pn
-
dat
.
sg
be_enough(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
money-
gen
.
pl
‘Ales’ has enough money.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
падобн-ы
на Васіл-я
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
similar-
nom
.
sg
.
m
on
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ resembles Vasil’.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Алесь
вер-ыць
Васіл-ю
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
believe(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
pn
-
dat
.
sg
‘Ales’ believes Vasil’.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
узя-ў
кніг-у
з
паліц-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
take(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
book-
acc
.
sg
from_on
shelf-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ took a book from the shelf.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
бач-ыць
дом
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
see(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
house[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ sees a house.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
узрост
уплыва-е
на
памяць
age[
nom
.
sg
]
influence(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
on
memory[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Age influences memory.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
спатка-ў
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
meet(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ encountered Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
увайшо-ў
у
хат-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
come_in(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
in
house-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ entered the house.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_uGEN
X: NOM
Y: uGEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
выйгра-ў
у
Васіл-я
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
win(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
at
pn
-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ beat Vasil’.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
выйша-ў
з
хат-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
come_out(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
from_on
house-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ went out of the house.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
гон-іць
каров-у
на
выпас
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
drive(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
cow-
acc
.
sg
on
pasture[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ is driving the cow to the pasture.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
сагну-ў
галінк-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
bend(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
branch-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ bent the branch.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Алесь
сказа-ў
Васіл-ю
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
tell(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
pn
-
dat
.
sg
‘Ales’ told Vasil’: ...’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
трыма-е
кніг-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
hold(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
book-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ is holding a book.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
дагна-ў
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
catch_up(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ caught up with Alena.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
падаі-ў
каров-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
milk(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
cow-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ milked the cow.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
дасягну-ў
бераг-а
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
reach(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
bank-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ reached the bank.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_daGEN
X: NOM
Y: daGEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
дакрану-ў-ся
да
сцян-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
touch(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
up_to
wall-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ touched the wall.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Алесь
б’-ец-ца
з
Васіл-ём
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
beat(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
with
pn
-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ is fighting with Vasil’.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Алесь
сябру-е
з
Ален-ай
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
be_friends(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
with
pn
-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ is friends with Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_praACC
X: NOM
Y: praACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
дума-е
пра
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
think(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
about
pn
-
acc
.
sg
.
‘Ales’ is thinking about Alena.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
з’е-ў
яблык
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
eat(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
apple[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ ate an apple.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
пасмажы-ў
рыб-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
fry(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
fish-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ fried the fish.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
чака-е
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
wait(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ is waiting for Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_praACC
X: NOM
Y: praACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
забы-ў-ся
пра
інш-ую
дарог-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
forget(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
about
other-
acc
.
sg
.
f
road-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ forgot about the other road.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_adGEN
X: NOM
Y: adGEN
Locus: Y
памяць
залеж-ыць
ад
узрост-у
memory[
nom
.
sg
]
depend(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
from_at
age-
gen
.
sg
‘Memory depends on age.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
пакліка-ў
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
call(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ called Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Алесь
пазнаёмі-ў-ся
з
Ален-ай
год
таму
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
make_acquainted(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
with
pn
-
ins
.
sg
year[
acc
.
sg
]
that.
dat
.
sg
‘Ales’ got to know Alena a year ago.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
веда-е
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
wait(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ knows Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_naLOC
X: NOM
Y: naLOC
Locus: Y
Алесь
ігра-е
на
гітар-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
play(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
on
guitar-
loc
.
sg
‘Ales’ is playing the guitar.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
пазбяга-е
Ален-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
avoid(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
pn
-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ avoids Alena.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
зрабі-ў
бомб-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
make(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
bomb-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ made a bomb.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
здзеку-ец-ца
з
Ален-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
make_fun(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
from_on
pn
-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ is making fun of Alena.’
Valency pattern:
uGEN_NOM
X: uGEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
у
Алес-я
ёсць
машын-а
at
pn
-
gen
.
sg
be.
prs
.3
sg
car-
nom
.
sg
‘Ales’ has a car.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
шука-е
ключ-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
look_for(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
key-
acc
.
pl
‘Ales’ is looking for his keys.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
пафарбава-ў
плот
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
paint(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
fence[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ painted the fence.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
сабак-а
ўкусі-л-а
Алес-я
dog-
nom
.
sg
bite(
pfv
)-
pst
-
sg
.
f
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘A dog bit Ales’.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
страці-ў
дом
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
lose(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
house[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ lost hist house.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
лов-іць
кошк-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
catch(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
cat-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ is trying to catch the cat.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
злама-ў
палк-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
break(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
stick-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ broke a stick.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_peradINS
X: NOM
Y: peradINS
Locus: Y
Алесь
лісліві-ць
перад
Ален-ай
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
flatter(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
before
pn
-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ is flattering Alena.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
люб-іць
Васіл-я
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
love(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ loves Vasil’.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Алесь
маха-е
хустк-ай
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
wave(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
handkerchief-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ is waving a handkerchief.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_praACC
X: NOM
Y: praACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
мар-ыць
пра
нов-ую
машын-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
dream(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
about
new-
acc
.
sg
.
f
car-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ is dreaming of a new car.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
памы-ў
кубак
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
wash(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
cup-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ washed the cup.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
апрану-ў
штан-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
put_on(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
trousers-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ put on his trousers.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
гэты
прадмет
называ-ец-ца
компас-ам
this.
nom
.
sg
.
m
object[
nom
.
sg
]
call(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
compass-
ins
.
sg
‘This object is called a compass.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
пакліка-ў
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
call(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ punished his son.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
мядзведзь
напа-ў
на
рыбак-а
bear[
nom
.
sg
]
attack(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
on
fisherman-
acc
.
sg
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
вядр-о
запоўні-л-а-ся
вад-ой
bucket-
nom
.
sg
fill(
pfv
)-
pst
-
sg
.
n
-
refl
water-
ins
.
sg
‘The bucket filled with water.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
знайшо-ў
ключ-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
find(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
key-
acc
.
pl
‘Ales’ found his keys.’
Valency pattern:
DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Алес-ю
не
хапа-е
адн-аго
даляр-а
pn
-
dat
.
sg
neg
be_enough(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
one-
gen
.
sg
.
m
dollar-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ is one dollar short.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
ненавідз-іць
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
hate(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ hates Vasil’.’
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Алес-ю
падаба-ец-ца
гэт-ая
кашул-я
pn
-
dat
.
sg
like(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
this-
nom
.
sg
.
f
shirt-
nom
.
sg
‘Ales’ likes this shirt.’
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Алес-ю
патрэбн-ыя
грош-ы
pn
-
dat
.
sg
necessary-
nom
.
pl
money-
nom
.
pl
‘Ales’ needs money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
сцен-ы
абкружа-юць
горад
wall-
nom
.
pl
surround(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
pl
city[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Walls surround the city.’
Valency pattern:
uGEN_NOM
X: uGEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
у
Алес-я
заста-л-о-ся
дзесяць
даляр-аў
at
pn
-
gen
.
sg
remain(
pfv
)-
pst
-
sg
.
n
-
refl
ten.
nom
dollar-
gen
.
pl
‘Ales’ has ten dollars left.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Алесь
адказа-ў
настаўнік-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
answer(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
teacher-
dat
.
sg
‘Ales’ answered the teacher.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
адкры-ў
слоік
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
open(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
can[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ opened a can.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_adGEN
X: NOM
Y: adGEN
Locus: Y
мая
кашул-я
адрозніва-ец-ца
ад
тва-ёй
my.
nom
.
sg
.
f
shirt-
nom
.
sg
be_different(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
from_at
your-
gen
.
sg
.
f
‘My shirt is different from yours.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_adGEN
X: NOM
Y: adGEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
адста-ў
ад
Ален-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
fall_behind(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
from_at
pn
-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ fell behind Alena’.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
ар-э
пол-е
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
plough(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
field-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ is ploughing the field.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
мае
рук-і
пахн-уць
бензін-ам
my.
nom
.
pl
hand-
nom
.
pl
smell(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
pl
gasoline-
ins
.
sg
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
перайшо-ў
дарог-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
cross(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
road-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ crossed the road.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
спе-ў
прыгож-ую
песн-ю
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
sing(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
beautiful-
acc
.
sg
.
f
song-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ sang a beautiful song.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
напіса-ў
ліст
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
write(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
letter[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ wrote a letter.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
выпі-ў
малак-о
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
drink(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
milk-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ drank the milk.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
расплаві-ў
кавалак
свінц-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
melt(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
piece[
acc
.
sg
]
lead-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ melted a piece of lead.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_daGEN
X: NOM
Y: daGEN
Locus: Y
гэты
пояс
пасу-е
да
маёй
сукенк-і
this.
nom
.
sg
.
m
belt[
nom
.
sg
]
match(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
up_to
my.
gen
.
sg
.
f
dress-
gen
.
sg
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
пакіну-ў
родн-ы
горад
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
leave(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
native-
acc
.
sg
.
m
city[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ left his native city.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
дыван
накрыва-е
ўс-ю
падлог-у
carpet[
nom
.
sg
]
cover(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
all-
acc
.
sg
.
f
floor-
acc
.
sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
добра
памята-е
дом
дзе
ён
вырас
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
well
remember(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
house[
acc
.
sg
]
where
he.
nom
grow_up(
pfv
).
pst
.
sg
.
m
‘Ales’ remembers the house where he grew up well.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Алесь
дапамог
Ален-е
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
help(
pfv
).
pst
.
sg
.
m
pn
-
dat
.
sg
‘Ales’ helped Alena.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
разуме-е
французск-ую
мов-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
understand(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
f
rench-
acc
.
sg
.
f
language-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ understands the French language.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
маланк-а
трапі-л-а
ў
дом
lightning-
nom
.
sg
get_to(
pfv
)-
pst
-
sg
.
f
in
house[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Lightning struck the house.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Алесь
парэза-ў-ся
брытв-ай
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
cut(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
razor-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ cut himself with a razor.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_daGEN
X: NOM
Y: daGEN
Locus: Y
шклянк-а
прыліп-л-а
да
стал-а
glass-
nom
.
sg
stick(
pfv
)-
pst
-
sg
.
f
up_to
table-
gen
.
sg
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Алесь
прайгра-ў
Васіл-ю
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
lose(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
pn
-
dat
.
sg
‘Ales’ lost to Vasil’.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Алесь
узрадава-ў-ся
ліст-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
gladden(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
letter-
dat
.
sg
‘Ales’ was glad about the letter.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Алесь
размаўля-е
з
Ален-ай
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
speak(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
with
pn
-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ is speaking with Alena.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Ален-а
нарадзі-л-а
сын-а
pn
-
nom
.
sg
give_birth(
pfv
)-
pst
-
sg
.
f
son-
acc
.
sg
‘Alena gave birth to a son.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
выпусці-ў
шклянк-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
drop(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
glass-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ dropped the glass.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Алесь
кіру-е
наш-ым
пасёлк-ам
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
govern(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
our-
ins
.
sg
.
m
village-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ runs our town.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_paDAT
X: NOM
Y: paDAT
Locus: Y
Алесь
суму-е
па
Ален-е
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
miss(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
by
pn
-
dat
.
sg
‘Ales’ misses Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_zaINS
X: NOM
Y: zaINS
Locus: Y
Алесь
ідз-е
след-ам
за
Ален-ай
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
go(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
trace-
ins
.
sg
behind
pn
-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ follows Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
злез
з
кан-я
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
dismount(
pfv
).
pst
.
sg
.
m
from_on
horse-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ got down from the horse.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
слуха-е
радыё
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
listen(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
radio[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ is listening to radio.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
слуха-ец-ца
мам-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
listen(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
mother-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ listens to his mother.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
чу-е
музык-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
hear(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
music-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ hears the music.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
мёд
змяша-ў-ся
з
малак-ом
honey[
nom
.
sg
]
mix(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
with
milk-
ins
.
sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
глядз-іць
на
хмар-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
look(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
on
cloud-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ is looking at the clouds.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
зня-ў
кашул-ю
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
put_off(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
shirt-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ took off his shirt.’
Valency pattern:
DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Алес-ю
сн-іц-ца
Ален-а
pn
-
dat
.
sg
dream(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
pn
-
nom
.
sg
‘Ales’ dreams about Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Алесь
пагадзі-ў-ся
з
Ален-ай
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
agree(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
with
pn
-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ agreed with Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Алесь
пасвары-ў-ся
з
Ален-ай
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
cause_to_quarrell(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
with
pn
-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ had a quarrel with Alena.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
гэты
кубак
кашту-е
адзін
даляр
this.
nom
.
sg
.
m
cup[
nom
.
sg
]
cost(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
one[
acc
.
sg
.
m
]
dollar[
acc
.
sg
]
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
стрэлі-ў
у
птушк-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
shoot(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
in
bird-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ shot at the bird.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
насыпа-ў
цукар
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
pour(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
sugar[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ poured the sugar.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
згубі-ў
ключ-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
lose(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
key-
acc
.
pl
‘Ales’ lost his keys.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_uLOC
X: NOM
Y: uLOC
Locus: Y
пален-а
патану-л-а
ў
вадз-е
log-
nom
.
sg
sink(
pfv
)-
pst
-
sg
.
n
in
water-
loc
.
sg
‘The log sank in the water.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
забі-ў
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
kill(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ killed Alena.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
удары-ў
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
hit(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ hit Alena.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
пацалава-ў
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
kiss(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ kissed Alena.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
прачыта-ў
цікав-ую
кніг-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
read(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
interesting-
acc
.
sg
.
f
book-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ read an interesting book.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Алесь
паварушы-ў
пальц-ам
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
stir(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
finger-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ moved his finger.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
паважа-е
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
respect(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ respects Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Алесь
грэбу-е
брудн-ым
посуд-ам
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
be_squeamish(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
dirty-
ins
.
sg
.
m
dishes-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ is squeamish about dirty dishes.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Алесь
задаволен-ы
сва-ім
сын-ам
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
content-
nom
.
sg
.
m
one’s-
ins
.
sg
.
m
son-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ is satisfied with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.
Valency pattern:
NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
закаха-ў-ся
ў
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
fall_in_love(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
in
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ fell in love with Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Алесь
давяра-е
Ален-е
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
trust(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
pn
-
dat
.
sg
‘Ales’ trusts Alena.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
шкаду-е
св-аю
мац-і
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
sympathize(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
one’s-
acc
.
sg
.
f
mother-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ sympathises with his mother.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Алесь
зайздросц-іць
Ален-е
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
envy(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
pn
-
dat
.
sg
‘Ales’ envies Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
злу-ец-ца
на
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
make_angry(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
on
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ is angry with Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Алесь
здзіві-ў-ся
гэт-аму
падарунк-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
surprise(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
this-
dat
.
sg
.
m
gift-
dat
.
sg
‘Ales’ was surprised at this gift.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
люб-іць
гарбат-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
like(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
tea-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ loves tea.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_adGEN
X: NOM
Y: adGEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
атрымліва-е
асалод-у
ад
гарач-ай
гарбат-ы
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
get(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
pleasure-
acc
.
sg
from_at
hot-
gen
.
sg
.
f
tea-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ enjoys hot tea.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
хоч-а
нов-ы
мабільнік
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
want(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
new-
acc
.
sg
.
m
mobile_phone[
acc
.
sg
]
‘Ales’ wants a new mobile phone.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
сярду-е
на
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
get_angry(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
on
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ holds a grudge against Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
пакрыўдзі-ў-ся
на
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
offend(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
on
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ took offence at Alena.’
Valency pattern:
TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Алесь
засмуці-ў
Ален-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
upset(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
pn
-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ greatly upset Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Алесь
уразі-ў-ся
гэт-ым
горад-ам
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
amaze(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
this-
ins
.
sg
.
m
city-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ was impressed by this town.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Алесь
пагарджа-е
Ален-ай
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
despise(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
pn
-
ins
.
sg
‘Ales’ despises Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_zzaGEN
X: NOM
Y: zzaGEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
засмуці-ў-ся
з-за
св-айго
сын-а
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
upset(
pfv
)-
pst
.
sg
.
m
-
refl
from_on-behind
one’s-
gen
.
sg
.
m
son-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ got upset with his son.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Алесь
раздражня-ец-ца
на
св-аю
дачк-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
irritate(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
on
one’s-
acc
.
sg
.
f
daughter-
acc
.
sg
‘Ales’ is getting irritated with his daughter.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Алесь
сімпатыз-уе
Ален-е
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
be_fond(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
pn
-
dat
.
sg
‘Ales’ is fond of Alena.’
Valency pattern:
NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Алесь
сароме-ец-ца
св-айго
рост-у
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
cumber(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
-
refl
one’s-
gen
.
sg
.
m
height-
gen
.
sg
‘Ales’ is embarrassed about his height.’