BivalTyp

Belarusian

Contributed by Volha Harytskaya. Dmitri Sitchinava has generously assisted in preparing the dataset for publication.

V.H.'s photo

The data were gathered in 2017 using the Russian version of the questionnaire.

How to cite

Gorickaja, Olga. 2025. Bivalent patterns in Belarusian. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on January 8, 2024; last revised on February 10, 2024.) (Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info, Accessed on )

Basic info

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain balieć

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Alies-ju bal-ić halav-a
pn - dat . sg ache( ipfv )- prs .3 sg head- nom . sg
‘Ales’ has a headache.’

2. have (illness) chvareć

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Alieś chvare-je na hryp
pn [ nom . sg ] be_sick( ipfv )- prs .3 sg на flu[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ has the flu.’

3. be afraid bajacca

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Alieś ba-ic-ca sabak-i
pn [ nom . sg ] be_afraid( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl dog- gen . sg
‘Ales’ is afraid of the dog.’

4. throw kinuć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś kinu-ŭ kamień
pn [ nom . sg ] throw( pfv )- pst . sg . m stone[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ threw a stone.’

5. have enough chapać

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Alies-ju chapa-je hroš-aj
pn - dat . sg be_enough( ipfv )- prs .3 sg money- gen . pl
‘Ales’ has enough money.’

6. resemble padobny + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Alieś padobn-y na Vasil-ja
pn [ nom . sg ] similar- nom . sg . m on pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ resembles Vasil’.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

7. believe vieryć

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Alieś vier-yć Vasil-ju
pn [ nom . sg ] believe( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg
‘Ales’ believes Vasil’.’

8. take uziać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś uzia-ŭ knih-u z palic-y
pn [ nom . sg ] take( pfv )- pst . sg . m book- acc . sg from_on shelf- gen . sg
‘Ales’ took a book from the shelf.’

9. see bačyć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś bač-yć dom
pn [ nom . sg ] see( ipfv )- prs .3 sg house[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ sees a house.’

10. influence uplyvać

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
uzrost uplyva-je na pamiać
age[ nom . sg ] influence( ipfv )- prs .3 sg on memory[ acc . sg ]
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter spatkać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś spatka-ŭ Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] meet( pfv )- pst . sg . m pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ encountered Alena.’

12. enter uvajsci

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
Alieś uvajšo-ŭ u chat-u
pn [ nom . sg ] come_in( pfv )- pst . sg . m in house- acc . sg
‘Ales’ entered the house.’

13. win vyjhrać

Valency pattern: NOM_uGEN
X: NOM
Y: uGEN
Locus: Y
Alieś vyjhra-ŭ u Vasil-ja
pn [ nom . sg ] win( pfv )- pst . sg . m at pn - gen . sg
‘Ales’ beat Vasil’.’

14. go out vyjsci

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Alieś vyjša-ŭ z chat-y
pn [ nom . sg ] come_out( pfv )- pst . sg . m from_on house- gen . sg
‘Ales’ went out of the house.’

15. drive hnać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś hon-ić karov-u na vypas
pn [ nom . sg ] drive( ipfv )- prs .3 sg cow- acc . sg on pasture[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ is driving the cow to the pasture.’

16. bend sahnuć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś sahnu-ŭ halink-u
pn [ nom . sg ] bend( pfv )- pst . sg . m branch- acc . sg
‘Ales’ bent the branch.’

17. tell skazać

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Alieś skaza-ŭ Vasil-ju
pn [ nom . sg ] tell( pfv )- pst . sg . m pn - dat . sg
‘Ales’ told Vasil’: ...’

18. hold trymać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś tryma-je knih-u
pn [ nom . sg ] hold( ipfv )- prs .3 sg book- acc . sg
‘Ales’ is holding a book.’

19. catch up dahnać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś dahna-ŭ Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] catch_up( pfv )- pst . sg . m pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ caught up with Alena.’

20. milk padaić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś padai-ŭ karov-u
pn [ nom . sg ] milk( pfv )- pst . sg . m cow- acc . sg
‘Ales’ milked the cow.’

21. reach dasiahnuć

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Alieś dasiahnu-ŭ bierah-a
pn [ nom . sg ] reach( pfv )- pst . sg . m bank- gen . sg
‘Ales’ reached the bank.’

22. touch dakranucca

Valency pattern: NOM_daGEN
X: NOM
Y: daGEN
Locus: Y
Alieś dakranu-ŭ-sia da scian-y
pn [ nom . sg ] touch( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl up_to wall- gen . sg
‘Ales’ touched the wall.’

23. fight bicca

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Alieś b-jec-ca z Vasil-jom
pn [ nom . sg ] beat( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl with pn - ins . sg
‘Ales’ is fighting with Vasil’.’

24. be friends siabravać

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Alieś siabru-je z Alien-aj
pn [ nom . sg ] be_friends( ipfv )- prs .3 sg with pn - ins . sg
‘Ales’ is friends with Alena.’

25. think dumać

Valency pattern: NOM_praACC
X: NOM
Y: praACC
Locus: Y
Alieś duma-je pra Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] think( ipfv )- prs .3 sg about pn - acc . sg .
‘Ales’ is thinking about Alena.’

26. eat zjesci

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś zje-ŭ jablyk
pn [ nom . sg ] eat( pfv )- pst . sg . m apple[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ ate an apple.’

27. fry pasmažyć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś pasmažy-ŭ ryb-u
pn [ nom . sg ] fry( pfv )- pst . sg . m fish- acc . sg
‘Ales’ fried the fish.’

28. wait čakać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś čaka-je Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] wait( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ is waiting for Alena.’

29. forget zabycca

Valency pattern: NOM_praACC
X: NOM
Y: praACC
Locus: Y
Alieś zaby-ŭ-sia pra inš-uju daroh-u
pn [ nom . sg ] forget( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl about other- acc . sg . f road- acc . sg
‘Ales’ forgot about the other road.’

30. depend zaliežać

Valency pattern: NOM_adGEN
X: NOM
Y: adGEN
Locus: Y
pamiać zaliež-yć ad uzrost-u
memory[ nom . sg ] depend( ipfv )- prs .3 sg from_at age- gen . sg
‘Memory depends on age.’

31. call paklikać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś paklika-ŭ Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] call( pfv )- pst . sg . m pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ called Alena.’

32. get to know paznajomicca

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Alieś paznajomi-ŭ-sia z Alien-aj hod tamu
pn [ nom . sg ] make_acquainted( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl with pn - ins . sg year[ acc . sg ] that. dat . sg
‘Ales’ got to know Alena a year ago.’

33. know viedać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś vieda-je Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] wait( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ knows Alena.’

34. play (instrument) ihrać

Valency pattern: NOM_naLOC
X: NOM
Y: naLOC
Locus: Y
Alieś ihra-je na hitar-y
pn [ nom . sg ] play( ipfv )- prs .3 sg on guitar- loc . sg
‘Ales’ is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid pazbiahać

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Alieś pazbiaha-je Alien-y
pn [ nom . sg ] avoid( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn - gen . sg
‘Ales’ avoids Alena.’

36. make zrabić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś zrabi-ŭ bomb-u
pn [ nom . sg ] make( pfv )- pst . sg . m bomb- acc . sg
‘Ales’ made a bomb.’

37. make fun zdziekavacca

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Alieś zdzieku-jec-ca z Alien-y
pn [ nom . sg ] make_fun( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl from_on pn - gen . sg
‘Ales’ is making fun of Alena.’

38. have być

Valency pattern: uGEN_NOM
X: uGEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
u Alies-ja josć mašyn-a
at pn - gen . sg be. prs .3 sg car- nom . sg
‘Ales’ has a car.’

39. look for šukać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś šuka-je kliuč-y
pn [ nom . sg ] look_for( ipfv )- prs .3 sg key- acc . pl
‘Ales’ is looking for his keys.’

40. paint pafarbavać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś pafarbava-ŭ plot
pn [ nom . sg ] paint( pfv )- pst . sg . m fence[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ painted the fence.’

41. bite ukusić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
sabak-a ŭkusi-l-a Alies-ja
dog- nom . sg bite( pfv )- pst - sg . f pn - acc . sg
‘A dog bit Ales’.’

42. forfeit stracić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś straci-ŭ dom
pn [ nom . sg ] lose( pfv )- pst . sg . m house[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ lost hist house.’

43. try to catch lavić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś lov-ić košk-u
pn [ nom . sg ] catch( ipfv )- prs .3 sg cat- acc . sg
‘Ales’ is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break zlamać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś zlama-ŭ palk-u
pn [ nom . sg ] break( pfv )- pst . sg . m stick- acc . sg
‘Ales’ broke a stick.’

45. flatter lislivić

Valency pattern: NOM_peradINS
X: NOM
Y: peradINS
Locus: Y
Alieś lislivi-ć pierad Alien-aj
pn [ nom . sg ] flatter( ipfv )- prs .3 sg before pn - ins . sg
‘Ales’ is flattering Alena.’

46. love (person) liubić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś liub-ić Vasil-ja
pn [ nom . sg ] love( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ loves Vasil’.’

47. wave machać

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Alieś macha-je chustk-aj
pn [ nom . sg ] wave( ipfv )- prs .3 sg handkerchief- ins . sg
‘Ales’ is waving a handkerchief.’

48. dream maryć

Valency pattern: NOM_praACC
X: NOM
Y: praACC
Locus: Y
Alieś mar-yć pra nov-uju mašyn-u
pn [ nom . sg ] dream( ipfv )- prs .3 sg about new- acc . sg . f car- acc . sg
‘Ales’ is dreaming of a new car.’

49. wash pamyć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś pamy-ŭ kubak
pn [ nom . sg ] wash( pfv )- pst . sg . m cup- acc . sg
‘Ales’ washed the cup.’

50. put on apranuć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś apranu-ŭ štan-y
pn [ nom . sg ] put_on( pfv )- pst . sg . m trousers- acc . sg
‘Ales’ put on his trousers.’

51. be called nazyvacca

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
hety pradmiet nazyva-jec-ca kompas-am
this. nom . sg . m object[ nom . sg ] call( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl compass- ins . sg
‘This object is called a compass.’

52. punish pakarać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś paklika-ŭ Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] call( pfv )- pst . sg . m pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ punished his son.’

53. attack napasci

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
miadzviedź napa-ŭ na rybak-a
bear[ nom . sg ] attack( pfv )- pst . sg . m on fisherman- acc . sg
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) zapoŭnicca

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
viadr-o zapoŭni-l-a-sia vad-oj
bucket- nom . sg fill( pfv )- pst - sg . n - refl water- ins . sg
‘The bucket filled with water.’

55. find znajsci

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś znajšo-ŭ kliuč-y
pn [ nom . sg ] find( pfv )- pst . sg . m key- acc . pl
‘Ales’ found his keys.’

56. be short nie chapać

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Alies-ju nie chapa-je adn-aho daliar-a
pn - dat . sg neg be_enough( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one- gen . sg . m dollar- gen . sg
‘Ales’ is one dollar short.’

57. hate nienavidzieć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś nienavidz-ić Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] hate( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ hates Vasil’.’

58. like padabacca

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Alies-ju padaba-jec-ca het-aja kašul-ja
pn - dat . sg like( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl this- nom . sg . f shirt- nom . sg
‘Ales’ likes this shirt.’

59. need patrebny + COP

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Alies-ju patrebn-yja hroš-y
pn - dat . sg necessary- nom . pl money- nom . pl
‘Ales’ needs money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

60. surround abkružać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
scien-y abkruža-juć horad
wall- nom . pl surround( ipfv )- prs .3 pl city[ acc . sg ]
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain zastacca

Valency pattern: uGEN_NOM
X: uGEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
u Alies-ja zasta-l-o-sia dziesiać daliar-aŭ
at pn - gen . sg remain( pfv )- pst - sg . n - refl ten. nom dollar- gen . pl
‘Ales’ has ten dollars left.’

62. answer adkazać

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Alieś adkaza-ŭ nastaŭnik-u
pn [ nom . sg ] answer( pfv )- pst . sg . m teacher- dat . sg
‘Ales’ answered the teacher.’

63. open adkryć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś adkry-ŭ sloik
pn [ nom . sg ] open( pfv )- pst . sg . m can[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ opened a can.’

64. be different adroznivacca

Valency pattern: NOM_adGEN
X: NOM
Y: adGEN
Locus: Y
maja kašul-ja adrozniva-jec-ca ad tva-joj
my. nom . sg . f shirt- nom . sg be_different( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl from_at your- gen . sg . f
‘My shirt is different from yours.’

65. fall behind adstać

Valency pattern: NOM_adGEN
X: NOM
Y: adGEN
Locus: Y
Alieś adsta-ŭ ad Alien-y
pn [ nom . sg ] fall_behind( pfv )- pst . sg . m from_at pn - gen . sg
‘Ales’ fell behind Alena’.’

66. plough arać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś ar-e pol-je
pn [ nom . sg ] plough( ipfv )- prs .3 sg field- acc . sg
‘Ales’ is ploughing the field.’

67. smell pachnuć

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
maje ruk-i pachn-uć bienzin-am
my. nom . pl hand- nom . pl smell( ipfv )- prs .3 pl gasoline- ins . sg
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’

68. cross pierajsci

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś pierajšo-ŭ daroh-u
pn [ nom . sg ] cross( pfv )- pst . sg . m road- acc . sg
‘Ales’ crossed the road.’

69. sing spieć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś spie-ŭ pryhož-uju piesn-ju
pn [ nom . sg ] sing( pfv )- pst . sg . m beautiful- acc . sg . f song- acc . sg
‘Ales’ sang a beautiful song.’

70. write napisać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś napisa-ŭ list
pn [ nom . sg ] write( pfv )- pst . sg . m letter[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ wrote a letter.’

71. drink vypić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś vypi-ŭ malak-o
pn [ nom . sg ] drink( pfv )- pst . sg . m milk- acc . sg
‘Ales’ drank the milk.’

72. melt rasplavić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś rasplavi-ŭ kavalak svinc-u
pn [ nom . sg ] melt( pfv )- pst . sg . m piece[ acc . sg ] lead- gen . sg
‘Ales’ melted a piece of lead.’

73. match pasavać

Valency pattern: NOM_daGEN
X: NOM
Y: daGEN
Locus: Y
hety pojas pasu-je da majoj sukienk-i
this. nom . sg . m belt[ nom . sg ] match( ipfv )- prs .3 sg up_to my. gen . sg . f dress- gen . sg
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave pakinuć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś pakinu-ŭ rodn-y horad
pn [ nom . sg ] leave( pfv )- pst . sg . m native- acc . sg . m city[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ left his native city.’

75. cover nakryvać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
dyvan nakryva-je ŭs-ju padloh-u
carpet[ nom . sg ] cover( ipfv )- prs .3 sg all- acc . sg . f floor- acc . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember pamiatać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś dobra pamiata-je dom dzie jon vyras
pn [ nom . sg ] well remember( ipfv )- prs .3 sg house[ acc . sg ] where he. nom grow_up( pfv ). pst . sg . m
‘Ales’ remembers the house where he grew up well.’

77. help dapamahčy

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Alieś dapamoh Alien-je
pn [ nom . sg ] help( pfv ). pst . sg . m pn - dat . sg
‘Ales’ helped Alena.’

78. understand (language) razumieć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś razumie-je francuzsk-uju mov-u
pn [ nom . sg ] understand( ipfv )- prs .3 sg f rench- acc . sg . f language- acc . sg
‘Ales’ understands the French language.’

79. hit (target) trapić

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
malank-a trapi-l-a ŭ dom
lightning- nom . sg get_to( pfv )- pst - sg . f in house[ acc . sg ]
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself parezacca

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Alieś pareza-ŭ-sia brytv-aj
pn [ nom . sg ] cut( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl razor- ins . sg
‘Ales’ cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck prylipnuć

Valency pattern: NOM_daGEN
X: NOM
Y: daGEN
Locus: Y
škliank-a prylip-l-a da stal-a
glass- nom . sg stick( pfv )- pst - sg . f up_to table- gen . sg
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) prajhrać

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Alieś prajhra-ŭ Vasil-ju
pn [ nom . sg ] lose( pfv )- pst . sg . m pn - dat . sg
‘Ales’ lost to Vasil’.’

83. be glad uzradavacca

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Alieś uzradava-ŭ-sia list-u
pn [ nom . sg ] gladden( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl letter- dat . sg
‘Ales’ was glad about the letter.’

84. speak razmaŭliać

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Alieś razmaŭlia-je z Alien-aj
pn [ nom . sg ] speak( ipfv )- prs .3 sg with pn - ins . sg
‘Ales’ is speaking with Alena.’

85. give birth naradzić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alien-a naradzi-l-a syn-a
pn - nom . sg give_birth( pfv )- pst - sg . f son- acc . sg
‘Alena gave birth to a son.’

86. drop vypuscić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś vypusci-ŭ škliank-u
pn [ nom . sg ] drop( pfv )- pst . sg . m glass- acc . sg
‘Ales’ dropped the glass.’

87. govern kiravać

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Alieś kiru-je naš-ym pasiolk-am
pn [ nom . sg ] govern( ipfv )- prs .3 sg our- ins . sg . m village- ins . sg
‘Ales’ runs our town.’

88. miss sumavać

Valency pattern: NOM_paDAT
X: NOM
Y: paDAT
Locus: Y
Alieś sumu-je pa Alien-je
pn [ nom . sg ] miss( ipfv )- prs .3 sg by pn - dat . sg
‘Ales’ misses Alena.’

89. follow isci sliedam

Valency pattern: NOM_zaINS
X: NOM
Y: zaINS
Locus: Y
Alieś idz-je slied-am za Alien-aj
pn [ nom . sg ] go( ipfv )- prs .3 sg trace- ins . sg behind pn - ins . sg
‘Ales’ follows Alena.’

90. dismount zliezci

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Alieś zliez z kan-ja
pn [ nom . sg ] dismount( pfv ). pst . sg . m from_on horse- ins . sg
‘Ales’ got down from the horse.’

91. listen sluchać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś slucha-je radyjo
pn [ nom . sg ] listen( ipfv )- prs .3 sg radio[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ is listening to radio.’

92. obey sluchacca

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Alieś slucha-jec-ca mam-y
pn [ nom . sg ] listen( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl mother- gen . sg
‘Ales’ listens to his mother.’

93. hear čuć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś ču-je muzyk-u
pn [ nom . sg ] hear( ipfv )- prs .3 sg music- acc . sg
‘Ales’ hears the music.’

94. mix zmiašacca

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
miod zmiaša-ŭ-sia z malak-om
honey[ nom . sg ] mix( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl with milk- ins . sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look hliadzieć

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Alieś hliadz-ić na chmar-u
pn [ nom . sg ] look( ipfv )- prs .3 sg on cloud- acc . sg
‘Ales’ is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off zniać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś znia-ŭ kašul-ju
pn [ nom . sg ] put_off( pfv )- pst . sg . m shirt- acc . sg
‘Ales’ took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) snicca

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Alies-ju sn-ic-ca Alien-a
pn - dat . sg dream( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl pn - nom . sg
‘Ales’ dreams about Alena.’

98. agree pahadzicca

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Alieś pahadzi-ŭ-sia z Alien-aj
pn [ nom . sg ] agree( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl with pn - ins . sg
‘Ales’ agreed with Alena.’

99. have a quarrel pasvarycca

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Alieś pasvary-ŭ-sia z Alien-aj
pn [ nom . sg ] cause_to_quarrell( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl with pn - ins . sg
‘Ales’ had a quarrel with Alena.’

100. cost kaštavać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
hety kubak kaštu-je adzin daliar
this. nom . sg . m cup[ nom . sg ] cost( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one[ acc . sg . m ] dollar[ acc . sg ]
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’

101. shoot at strelić

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
Alieś streli-ŭ u ptušk-u
pn [ nom . sg ] shoot( pfv )- pst . sg . m in bird- acc . sg
‘Ales’ shot at the bird.’

102. pour nasypać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś nasypa-ŭ cukar
pn [ nom . sg ] pour( pfv )- pst . sg . m sugar[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ poured the sugar.’

103. lose zhubić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś zhubi-ŭ kliuč-y
pn [ nom . sg ] lose( pfv )- pst . sg . m key- acc . pl
‘Ales’ lost his keys.’

104. sink patanuć

Valency pattern: NOM_uLOC
X: NOM
Y: uLOC
Locus: Y
palien-a patanu-l-a ŭ vadz-je
log- nom . sg sink( pfv )- pst - sg . n in water- loc . sg
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill zabić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś zabi-ŭ Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] kill( pfv )- pst . sg . m pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ killed Alena.’

106. hit udaryć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś udary-ŭ Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] hit( pfv )- pst . sg . m pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ hit Alena.’

107. kiss pacalavać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś pacalava-ŭ Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] kiss( pfv )- pst . sg . m pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ kissed Alena.’

108. read pračytać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś pračyta-ŭ cikav-uju knih-u
pn [ nom . sg ] read( pfv )- pst . sg . m interesting- acc . sg . f book- acc . sg
‘Ales’ read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) pavarušyć

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Alieś pavarušy-ŭ paĺc-am
pn [ nom . sg ] stir( pfv )- pst . sg . m finger- ins . sg
‘Ales’ moved his finger.’

110. respect pavažać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś pavaža-je Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] respect( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ respects Alena.’

111. be squeamish hrebavać

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Alieś hrebu-je brudn-ym posud-am
pn [ nom . sg ] be_squeamish( ipfv )- prs .3 sg dirty- ins . sg . m dishes- ins . sg
‘Ales’ is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content zadavolieny + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Alieś zadavolien-y sva-im syn-am
pn [ nom . sg ] content- nom . sg . m one’s- ins . sg . m son- ins . sg
‘Ales’ is satisfied with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

113. fall in love zakachacca

Valency pattern: NOM_uACC
X: NOM
Y: uACC
Locus: Y
Alieś zakacha-ŭ-sia ŭ Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] fall_in_love( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl in pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ fell in love with Alena.’

114. trust daviarać

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Alieś daviara-je Alien-je
pn [ nom . sg ] trust( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg
‘Ales’ trusts Alena.’

115. sympathise škadavać

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś škadu-je sv-aju mac-i
pn [ nom . sg ] sympathize( ipfv )- prs .3 sg one’s- acc . sg . f mother- acc . sg
‘Ales’ sympathises with his mother.’

116. envy zajzdroscić

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Alieś zajzdrosc-ić Alien-je
pn [ nom . sg ] envy( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg
‘Ales’ envies Alena.’

117. be angry zlavacca

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Alieś zlu-jec-ca na Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] make_angry( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl on pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ is angry with Alena.’

118. be surprised zdzivicca

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Alieś zdzivi-ŭ-sia het-amu padarunk-u
pn [ nom . sg ] surprise( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl this- dat . sg . m gift- dat . sg
‘Ales’ was surprised at this gift.’

119. love (tea) liubić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś liub-ić harbat-u
pn [ nom . sg ] like( ipfv )- prs .3 sg tea- acc . sg
‘Ales’ loves tea.’

120. enjoy atrymlivać asalodu

Valency pattern: NOM_adGEN
X: NOM
Y: adGEN
Locus: Y
Alieś atrymliva-je asalod-u ad harač-aj harbat-y
pn [ nom . sg ] get( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pleasure- acc . sg from_at hot- gen . sg . f tea- gen . sg
‘Ales’ enjoys hot tea.’

121. want chacieć

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś choč-a nov-y mabiĺnik
pn [ nom . sg ] want( ipfv )- prs .3 sg new- acc . sg . m mobile_phone[ acc . sg ]
‘Ales’ wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge sierdavać

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Alieś siardu-je na Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] get_angry( ipfv )- prs .3 sg on pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ holds a grudge against Alena.’

123. take offence pakryŭdzicca

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Alieś pakryŭdzi-ŭ-sia na Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] offend( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl on pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ took offence at Alena.’

124. upset zasmucić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś zasmuci-ŭ Alien-u
pn [ nom . sg ] upset( pfv )- pst . sg . m pn - acc . sg
‘Ales’ greatly upset Alena.’

125. marvel urazicca

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Alieś urazi-ŭ-sia het-ym horad-am
pn [ nom . sg ] amaze( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl this- ins . sg . m city- ins . sg
‘Ales’ was impressed by this town.’

126. despise pahardžać

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Alieś pahardža-je Alien-aj
pn [ nom . sg ] despise( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn - ins . sg
‘Ales’ despises Alena.’

127. get upset zasmucicca

Valency pattern: NOM_zzaGEN
X: NOM
Y: zzaGEN
Locus: Y
Alieś zasmuci-ŭ-sia z-za sv-ajho syn-a
pn [ nom . sg ] upset( pfv )- pst . sg . m - refl from_on-behind one’s- gen . sg . m son- gen . sg
‘Ales’ got upset with his son.’

128. get irritated razdražniacca

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Alieś razdražnia-jec-ca na sv-aju dačk-u
pn [ nom . sg ] irritate( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl on one’s- acc . sg . f daughter- acc . sg
‘Ales’ is getting irritated with his daughter.’

129. be fond simpatyzavać

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Alieś simpatyz-uje Alien-je
pn [ nom . sg ] be_fond( ipfv )- prs .3 sg pn - dat . sg
‘Ales’ is fond of Alena.’

130. be shy saromiecca QQQ

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Alieś saromie-jec-ca sv-ajho rost-u QQQ
pn [ nom . sg ] cumber( ipfv )- prs .3 sg - refl one’s- gen . sg . m height- gen . sg
‘Ales’ is embarrassed about his height.’