BivalTyp

‘reach’

Argument frame: X (reach) Y
Stimulus sentence: (P. was crossing the river in a boat.) P. reached the bank .
Predicate label Ru: достичь
Argument frame Ru: X (достичь) Y -а (берега)
Stimulus sentence Ru: (П. плыл на лодке через речку). П. достиг берега .

Abaza [z-]na-ʒa

Valency pattern: ABS_BEN
X: ABS
Y: BEN
Locus: Y
murád a-nə́rĉ d-a-zə-na-ʒá-d
pn def -bank 3 sg . h . abs -3 sg . n . io - ben - tral -reach( aor )- dcl
‘Murad reached the river bank.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) ne-sə

Valency pattern: ABS_LOC.TO
X: ABS
Y: LOC.TO
Locus: Y
λ̣ə-r psə-nepqə-m ne-sə-ʁ
man- abs water-bank- obl loc : to -reach- pst
‘The man reached the bank.’

Aghul ruq’.u-

Valency pattern: ABS_POST.LAT
X: ABS
Y: POST.LAT
Locus: Y
aslan nac’.u-n saje qːireʁ.i-q-tːi ruq’.u-ne
pn river- gen other edge- post - lat reach. pf - aor
‘Aslan reached the other bank of the river.’

Akhvakh (Northern) q’unuƛa

Valency pattern: NOM_TERMIN
X: NOM
Y: TERMIN
Locus: Y
patħudi inχχa-ƛ’iga q’we-eni
pn river- termin reach- aor
‘Pathudi reached the bank.’

Andi (Zilo) <w>-oqχ.o

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPER.LAT
Locus: Y
ali rahal-ʔo w-oqχ.o
pn [ m ][ nom ] bank. obl - super . lat m -go_up/out. pst ( aor )
‘Ali reached the river bank.’

Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi) wṣl

Valency pattern: SBJ_l
X: SBJ
Y: l
Locus: Y
Abrahām waṣal l-ǝǧ-ǧǝġf
pn reach. pf .3 ms to- art -bank
‘Abraham reached the bank.’

Arabic (Northern Syrian) waṣṣal

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Aḥmad waṣṣal əš-šāṭəɁ
pn reach. pfv .3 m def -bank
‘Ahmad reached the bank.’

Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth) w.ṣ.l

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Shadi wiṣel iš-šaṭṭ
pn reach. pst .3 m . sg def -shore
‘Shadi reached the shore.’

Arabic (standard) waṣala

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Badr-un waṣala š-šāṭiɁ-a
pn - nom reach. pf .3 m def -bank- acc
‘Badr reached the bank.’

Archi e-qʼis

Valency pattern: NOM_IN.LAT
X: NOM
Y: IN.LAT
Locus: Y
patʼimat sːobtːa-k e-r-di
pn edge. in - lat reach-2- pfv
‘Patimat reached the bank.’

Armenian (Eastern) hasnel

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petros-ə hasav ap’-i-n
pn [ nom ]- def reach: aor :3 sg bank- dat - def
‘Petros reached the bank.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic +maṭə

Valency pattern: SBJ_al
X: SBJ
Y: al
Locus: Y
naša +məṭy=əl +al bərza
person( m ) arrive. res . m =3 m on dry_land( m )
‘The man reached the bank.’

Avar ššweze

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
ʕali ɬar-a-l raʕal-de ššw-ana
pn river- obl - gen brink- lat arrive- aor
‘Ali reached the bank.’

Azerbaijani çatmaq

Valency pattern: NOM_DATLAT
X: NOM
Y: DATLAT
Locus: Y
Aslan sahil-ǝ çat-dı
pn bank- dat / lat reach- pst (3)
‘Aslan reached the bank.’

Bafut nkùʔû

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
àmbɛ́ à kɨ̀ nkùʔû ǹtsù mɨ̀jàà
pn sm p 2 reach mouth river
‘Ambe reached the river bank.’

Bambara sé

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: la
Locus: Y
Sékù sé-ra báda` lá
pn reach- pfv . intr river_border\ art in
‘Seku reached the bank of the river.’

Bartangi firoptow

Valency pattern: NOM_EQ
X: NOM
Y: EQ
Locus: Y
Ahmed tar soxil firep-t
pn eq shore reach- pst
‘Ahmed reached the bank.’

Belarusian dasiahnuć

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Alieś dasiahnu-ŭ bierah-a
pn [ nom . sg ] reach( pfv )- pst . sg . m bank- gen . sg
‘Ales reached the bank.’

Beserman vuə̑nə̑

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
Petʼa vu-i-z so pal bereg-e
pn . nom arrive- pst -3 sg that side bank- lat
‘Petja reached the other river bank.’
Note: The terminative case, instead of the lative, is compatible with this verb as well. However, the lative is much more frequent with it. The terminative may be preferable under certain circumstances, e.g., in the phrase "reach the end" or when expressing the meaning "go / continue all the way down to Y".

Budugh çuraq’ar

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
aslan sahil-ce çurq'u-ci
pn shore- obl . loc h .reach. pfv - prf
‘Aslan reached the bank.’

Bulgarian dostigna

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Petăr dostigna breg-a
pn reach( pfv ). aor .3 sg shore- def . short . m . sg
‘Petar reached the bank.’

Catalan arribar

Valency pattern: SBJ_a
X: SBJ
Y: a
Locus: Y
en Pere va arrib-ar al banc
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind reach- inf to. def . sg . m bank( m )
‘Pere reached the bank.’
Note: Cf. "en Pere hi va arribar"

Chechen dwa-qaacha

Valency pattern: ABS_ALL
X: ABS
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
Islam xijist-ie dwa-qaech-na
pn . abs edge.of.the.water- all away-reach- prf
‘Islam reached the bank.’

Chinese (Mandarin) dào

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān dào àn-biān le
pn reach bank-edge pfv
‘Zhangsan reached the bank.’

Chirag sa-b-aʁi

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER
X: ABS
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
ʡa̰le derbent-l-i sa-j-aʁ-ib
pn ( abs ) d erbent- obl - super hither- m . sg -reach: pf - aor .3
‘Ali reached Derbent.’

Croatian doći

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
Per-o je doša-o do obal-e
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg reach( pfv )- part . perf . m . sg up_to shore- gen . sg
‘Pero reached the shore.’

Czech dostat se

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr se dosta-l na břeh
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc reach( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] on bank( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petr reached the bank.’

Dan (Eastern) yɤ̄

Valency pattern: SBJ_bha
X: SBJ
Y: bha
Locus: Y
kpla̋gɔ̄ yà yɤ̄ yi̋ kpőŋ bhȁ
boat 3 sg . prf see water bank on
‘The boat has reached the bank.’

Danish nå hen

Valency pattern: SBJ_til
X: SBJ
Y: til
Locus: Y
Peter nå-ede hen til bredd-en
pn reach- pst towards to bank( c )- def . sg
‘Peter reached the bank.’

Dargwa (Itsari) B-eːʁ-araj

Valency pattern: ABS_POST.LAT
X: ABS
Y: POST.LAT
Locus: Y
Islam dum-leh w-eːʁ-ib
pn ( abs ) edge- obl + post ( lat ) m -reach- aor
‘Islam reached the bank.’

Dargwa (Kadar) ́CL-aˤʁ-es / CL-iʁ-es

Valency pattern: NOM_IN
X: NOM
Y: IN
Locus: Y
meħamad w-aˤʁ-ib ħark'-la dub-i-ze
pn m -reach. pfv - pret river- gen edge- obl - in
‘Muhammad reached the bank.’

Dargwa (Kaytag) veʁara

Valency pattern: NOM_DATLAT
X: NOM
Y: DATLAT
Locus: Y
Petja erk’-la baʔ-i v-eʁ-iv
pn river- gen bank- datlat m -reach. pf - aor (3)
‘Petja reached the bank.’

Dargwa (Kubachi)

Valency pattern: NOM_LOCLAT
X: NOM
Y: LOCLAT
Locus: Y
jusːe ak'ʷ-la lum-e j-id-aʁ-e
girl river- gen edge- loc ( lat ) f -thither-reach. pfv -3. aor . itr
‘The girl reached the bank.’

Dargwa (Tsudakhar) b-it-eʁ-iz

Valency pattern: NOM_ERG/LOC(LAT)
X: NOM
Y: ERG/LOC(LAT)
Locus: Y
rursːi ħerk'-la muza-le r-et-eʁ-ib
girl river- gen edge- erg / loc ( lat ) f -thither-reach. pfv - pret (3)
‘The girl reached the bank of the river.’

Dargwa (Tsugni) ka-b-eʁ-i / ka-b-irʁ-i

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC(LAT)
X: NOM
Y: LOC(LAT)
Locus: Y
rursːi dum-le ke-r-eʁ-ib
girl edge- loc ( lat ) down- f -reach. pfv - pret (3)
‘The girl reached the bank.’

Dutch bereiken

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft de oever bereik-t
pn (С) have.3 sg art . def . c bank( c ) reach- ptcp
‘Piet reached the bank.’

Enets (Forest) tɔɔ

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
modʲi kasa-jʔ teni biz baru-d tɔɔ-j-zʔ
i man- nom . sg .1 sg to_opposite_bank water. obl border- dat . sg reach( pfv )- m -3 sg . m
‘My friend reached the bank at the opposite side’.

English reach

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter reached the bank.

Estonian jõudma

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL
X: NOM
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
Peeter jõud-is kalda-le
pn . sg . nom reach- pst .3 sg bank- all
‘Peeter reached the bank.’

Finnish saavuttaa

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: GEN~PART~NOM
Locus: TR
Pekka saavutt-i ranna-n
pn . nom reach- pst .3 sg bank- gen
‘Pekka reached the bank.’

French atteindre

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Paul a atteint la rive
pn ( m ) have. prs .3 sg reach. pst . ptcp . m def . sg . f shore( f )
‘Paul reached the bank.’

Gascon a atenhut

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pau a atenhut la riba
pn have. prs .3 sg reach. pst . ptcp def . sg . f shore
‘Pau reached the bank.’

Gban sȍ

Valency pattern: SBJ_nen
X: SBJ
Y: nen
Locus: Y
Zá̰ ɛ́ sȍ yi̋ le̋ɛ̋ nɛ̰́ nɛ̰̏
pn 3 sg \ pst pass[ pfv . hod ] water bank this at
‘Zan reached this bank of the river.’

Georgian mi-Ø-a-γc'ev-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
p'et're-m nap'ir-s mi-Ø-a-γc'i-a
pn - erg river_bank- dat prv : dist - io 3- ver : sup -reach- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre reached the river bank.’

German erreichen

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl erreich-te das Ufer
pn [ nom . sg ] reach- pst .3 sg def . n . acc . sg bank[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl reached the bank.’

Hebrew (modern) higia

Valency pattern: SBJ_el
X: SBJ
Y: el
Locus: Y
Pinχas higia el ha gada
pn reach[ pst .3 sg . m ] towards def bank
‘Pinchas reached the bank.’

Hindi pahuṁcnā

Valency pattern: DIR_OBL
X: DIR
Y: OBL
Locus: Y
Pratīk kināre pahuṁč-ā
pn ( m ). sg . dir bank( m ). sg . obl reach. pfv - m . sg
‘Prateek reached the bank.’

Indonesian (standard) ber-hasil men-capai

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Ali ber-hasil men-capai tepian
pn ber -success act -reach shore
‘Ali reached the bank.’

Irish bain amach

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Bhain Pól amach an banc.
pst /reach pn outside def bank
‘Pól reached the bank.’

Italian raggiungere

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Leo ha raggiunto la riv-a
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs reach. pst . ptcp def . sg . f shore- sg . f
‘Leo reached the coast.’

Karata baʔaɬa

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPERLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPERLAT
Locus: Y
ʕali reɬa raʕaj-ƛ’ar w-aʔ-a
pn sea shore- superlat m -come- pf
‘Ali reached the shore.’

Kazakh žet

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya žaɣa-ɣa žet-tі
pn bank- dat reach- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya reached the bank.’

Khanty (Kazym) jŏχǝtti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en imǝλtijǝn jŏχan kimλ-a śi jŏχǝt-s
pn - ep - poss .2 sg finally river bank- dat foc come- pst [3 sg ]
‘Finally, Petja reached the riverbank.’

Khoekhoe sī

Valency pattern: SBJ_ai
X: SBJ
Y: ai
Locus: Y
Petru-b ge ǀnom-i ai go sī
pn -3 m . sg decl bank-3 m . sg on rpst come
‘Peter reached the bank.’

Khwarshi j/at'a

Valency pattern: ABS_AD.LAT
X: ABS
Y: AD.LAT
Locus: Y
iłi-lo bala-ha-l at'ek'-k'a šamil
dem . an . o . noni - gen 2 bank( iii )- ad - lat [ i ]reach- pst . w pn ( i )
‘Shamil reached its (the river’s) bank.’

Komi-Permyak vokni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_dynodz
X: NOM
Y: dynodz
Locus: Y
Pet'a vokt-i-s bereg di̮n-e̮ʒ́
pn come- pret -3 bank place_near- term
‘Petja reached the bank.’

Komi-Zyrian voe̮dč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_TERM
X: NOM
Y: TERM
Locus: Y
Pet'a voe̮dč́-i-s bereg-e̮ʒ́
pn reach- pret -3 bank- term
‘Petja reached the bank.’

Kpelle (Guinean) hěli

Valency pattern: SBJ_bha
X: SBJ
Y: bha
Locus: Y
Pépèe àá hèlí ɲà ɓâ
pn 3 sg . pfv reach def \river on1
‘Pepee reached the river.’

Kryz (Alik) subq'vic

Valency pattern: NOM_IN
X: NOM
Y: IN
Locus: Y
terlan kur aabad-a ğirağ-ca surq'u-d
pn river. gen further- attr side- obl . in m .reach. pfv - aor ( m )
‘Terlan reached the other bank of the river.’

Kryz (Ismayilli) subq'uric

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER
X: NOM
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
aslan sahil-ciğ surq'-ud
pn shore- obl . super h .arrive. pf - aor . h
‘Aslan reached the bank.’

Kryz (proper) tsurq'uc

Valency pattern: NOM_APUD
X: NOM
Y: APUD
Locus: Y
aslan qirxac-ux tsurq'-ud
pn shore. obl - apud reach. pf - aor . m
‘Aslan reached the bank.’

Kumyk jetmek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
mahammat özen-ni boj-ɨn-a et-d-i
pn river- gen shore-3 sg - dat go- pst -3 sg
‘Muhammad reached the bank of the river.’

Kurdish (Sorani) geîŝtin

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_be
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: be
Locus: Y
Hîwa be belem geîʂt-Ø-e kenar-î çom-eke
pn with boat reach. pst -3 sg -to side- izf river- def
‘Hiwa reached the riverbank in a boat.’
Note: The verbal marker "-e" is the result of the “migration” of the preposition "be", cf. “Hîwa be belem geîʂt-Ø be kenar-î çom-eke.”

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) gihîştin (intr)

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_IO
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: IO
Locus: Y
zilam gihaşt perav-ê
man reach. pfv .3 sg bank- obl . f
‘The man reached the bank.’

Lak (Quba)

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPLAT
Locus: Y
Maħammad i-nd-i neχːa-l zma-ni-j-n
pn 1.reach- aor -3 p river. obl - gen edge- obl - sup - lat
‘Mohammad reached the bank.’

Latin pervenio

Valency pattern: NOM_adACC
X: NOM
Y: adACC
Locus: Y
(Cleonym-us) ad litor-a Venet-orum perven-it
pn ( m )- nom . sg at coast( n )- acc . pl v enetus( m )- gen . pl reach[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘(Cleonymus) reached the coasts of the Veneti.’
Note: (Liv. X, 2, 5)

Laz o-mčvir-u

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL
X: NOM
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
Käzim-i kinai-ša d-Ø-i-mčvi-u
pn - nom bank- all prv - s 3- ver : s -swim- s 3 sg . pst
‘Käzim reached the bank.’
Note: Lit. ‘Käzim swam/sailed to the bank.’

Lezgian (Yargun) agaʔin

Valency pattern: NOM_AD
X: NOM
Y: AD
Locus: Y
Sahib vacˈ-u-n qerex-di-v agaʔ-na
pn river- obl - gen shore- obl - ad arrive- aor
‎‎‎‘Sahib reached the bank.’

Macedonian stigne

Valency pattern: SBJ_do
X: SBJ
Y: do
Locus: Y
Petar stigna do drugi-ot breg
pn reach( pfv ). aor .3 sg up_to other. m . sg - art . m . sg bank( m ). sg
‘Petar reached the other bank.’

Maltese laħaq

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Ġwanni laħaq xatt ix-xmara
pn reach. pf . m .3 sg shore def -river
‘Ġwanni reached the bank.’

Maninka (Eastern) sé

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: la
Locus: Y
Sékù báda sé dánkan` ná.
pn prf arrive bank\ art at
‘Seku reached the bank.’

Mano ɓɔ̄

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: la
Locus: Y
Pèé ē ɓɔ̄ yíí kpóŋ́ là
pn 3 sg . pst leave water edge on
‘Pe arrived at a river bank.’

Mansi (Northern) l’apamas

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMpoxen
X: NOM
Y: NOMpoxen
Locus: Y
am kol-um pox-ǝn ta l’apa-m-as-um
i house- poss .1 sg near- lat ptcl close- vbz - pst -1 sg
‘I reached my home.’

Mehweb -aʔes

Valency pattern: NOM_CONT.LAT
X: NOM
Y: CONT.LAT
Locus: Y
Pajzula ħarkʼʷ-la dub-li-ze w-aʔ-ib
pn river- gen edge- obl - cont ( lat ) m -arrive: pfv - pst
‘Pajzula reached the riverbank.’

Mingrelian mi-Ø-o-č'irin-u-an-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
čelo-k c'q'ar-pi[ǯ]-s ki-mi-Ø-o-č'irin-u
pn - erg water_bank- dat aff - prv - io 3- ver : sup -reach- s 3 sg . pst
‘Chelo reached the river bank.’

Nanai esi-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia bagea-wa ese-xa-ni
pn opposite_bank- obl reach- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia reached the bank.’

Nivkh *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Norwegian Bokmål å nå

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per nådde bredd-en
pn reach. pst bank- def . m . sg
‘Per reached the bank.’

Oromo (West Central) gaha

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
obsaa-n k'ark'ara lagaa gah-e
pn - nom bank. abs river. gen reach-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa reached the river bank.’

Persian rasīdan

Valency pattern: NOM_beNOM
X: NOM
Y: beNOM
Locus: Y
ahmad be sāhel rasīd
pn to shore reach. pst .3 sg
‘Ahmad reached the bank.’

Polish dotrzeć

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
Maciek dotar-ł do brzeg-u
pn [ nom . sg ] reach: pfv \ pst - pst [ m .3 sg ] at bank- gen . sg
‘Maciek reached the bank.’

Portuguese (Brazilian) alcançar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro alcanç-ou a-s margen-s
pn ( m ) reach-3 sg . pst def . f - pl shore( f )- pl
‘Pedro reached the coast.’

Romani (Kalderash) arəsəl

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
pa duj ćas-urʼa o Murš-a arəs-l-o man-de
through two. nom hour- nom . pl art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg reach- pst -3 sg . m i - loc
‘In two hours, Murša reached me.’

Romanian a ajunge

Valency pattern: NOM_la
X: NOM
Y: la
Locus: Y
Petru a ajuns la țărm
pn aux .3 sg reach. pst . ptcp at bank
‘Petru reached the bank.’

Russian dostičʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Pet-ja dostig bereg-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg reach( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] bank( m )- gen . sg
‘Petja reached the bank.’

Rutul (Kina) lejq’ɨra

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP
X: NOM
Y: SUP
Locus: Y
rasul čejlaʁ-a le-jq’ɨ-r=a
pn ( nom ) riverside- obl ( sup ) pv -1.reach. pfv - cvb =be
‘Rasul reached the bank.’

Rutul (Mukhad) lijq'ın

Valency pattern: NOM_AD
X: NOM
Y: AD
Locus: Y
murad qirχı-da lijq'ı-ri
pn side. obl - ad m .reach. pf - aor
‘Murad reached the bank.’

Rutul (Myukhrek)

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER
X: NOM
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
mırad qırağ-di layq'as i
pn side- obl . super m .arrive. inf m . cop
‘Murad reached the bank.’

Rutul (Shin-Borch) leyq'ın

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER
X: NOM
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
murad xhid-di ziy-aa leyq'ı-r
pn water. obl - attr border- super m .arrive. pf - aor
‘Murad reached the bank.’

Rutul (Shinaz) lejq'ɨ-n

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER
X: NOM
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
basir lejq'ɨ-rɨ qirʁ-ɨ
pn m .reach. pf - perf shore. obl - super
‘Basir reached the bank.’

Saami (Skolt) laʹddjed

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Peâtt laʹddj-i ridd-u
pn . sg . nom reach- pst .3 sg bank. sg . ill
‘Pete reached the bank.’

Sagada baq’a

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER.LAT
X: ABS
Y: SUPER.LAT
Locus: Y
pat’ina j-aq’-ii raƛ’-mo-ƛ’-or
pn ii -arrive- pst . w bank- obl - super - lat
‘Patina reached the river’s bank.’

Serbian stići

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
Petar je stiga-o do obal-e
pn . nom . sg be. prs .3 sg reach- part . perf . m . sg up.to bank- gen . sg
‘Petar reached the bank.’

Shughni firīptow

Valency pattern: NOM.CL_EQ
X: NOM.CL
Y: EQ
Locus: Y
Azim=i lodka=qati tar qoq-i firīp-t
pn =3 sg boat= ins eq dry- subst reach- pst
‘Azim reached the bank in a boat.’

Slovak dostať sa

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Peter sa dosta-l na breh
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc reach( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] on bank( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Peter reached the bank.’

Slovenian doseči

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
nemc-i so doseg-l-i obal-o
g erman- nom . pl aux .3 pl reach: pfv - lpt - m . pl bank- acc . sg
‘The Germans reached the bank.’

Spanish alcanzar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro alcanz-ó la orilla
pn [ sg . m ] reach- aor .3 sg art . def . sg . f bank[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro reached the coast.’

Svan ä-h-i (PRS/FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_ALL.EL
X: ERG
Y: ALL.EL
Locus: Y
maizer-d nap'ir-te-ka ad-Ø-h-e
pn - erg river_bank- all - el prv : dist - s 3-reach- pst
‘Maizer reached the river bank.’

Swedish att komma fram

Valency pattern: SBJ_till
X: SBJ
Y: till
Locus: Y
Björn kom fram till strand-en
pn come. pst forward to bank- def . c . sg
‘Björn reached the bank.’
Note: Phrasal verb (fram is not a flagging device).

Tabasaran (Kandyk)

Valency pattern: ABS_POST.LAT
X: ABS
Y: POST.LAT
Locus: Y
maˁhaˁmad lodka.ji-ǯi ʁiraʁi.ǯi-q-na qu<r>q’-nu
pn ( abs ) boat-( in ) dir bank- post - lat < h . sg >reach- pst
‘Mahamad reached the bank of the river.’

Tagalog makarating

Valency pattern: ACT_PATH
X: ACT
Y: PATH
Locus: Y
naka-rating si Pedro sa bangko
pot . av . pfv -reach pers . subj pn dat bank
‘Pedro reached the bank.’
Note: The Y argument can also be signaled by a locative phrase, e.g. "pa-punta bangko" [DIR-go bank].

Telugu cēru

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pravīṇ oḍḍi-ki cērāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom coast( n ). sg . obl - dat reach. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen reached the bank.’

Tsakhur hirхhıniy

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPERLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPERLAT
Locus: Y
murad q:uru-lqha hirхhın-na
pn dry- superlat h .go. pf - h
‘Murad reached the bank.’

Tswana fitlha

Valency pattern: SBJ_ko
X: SBJ
Y: ko
Locus: Y
mo-koro o-fitlh-il-e ko lo-tshitshi-ng lwa-le-watle
sg -boat(3) s i :cl3-reach- prf - fv loc 1 sg -edge(11)- loc cl11. gen -cl5-sea
‘The boat has reached the shore.’

Turkish varmak

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet kıyı-ya var-dı
pn coast- dat reach- pst
‘Mehmet reached the bank’.

Turoyo moṭe

Valency pattern: SBJ.SS_IO
X: SBJ.SS
Y: IO
Locus: Y
Gabriyel maṭi l-i skale
pn reach. pfv .3 m to- art . f bank( f )
‘Gabriyel reached the bank.’

Twi duru

Valency pattern: SBJ_so
X: SBJ
Y: so
Locus: Y
Kofi duru-u kokoᴐ no so
pn reach- pst bank def on
‘Kofi reached the bank.’

Udi p'ap'es

Valency pattern: ABS_DAT
X: ABS
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Ruslan oç̆al-a p'a=ne=p'-i
pn land- dat reach=3 sg = st - aor
‘Ruslan reached the bank.’

Udmurt vui̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_TERM
X: NOM
Y: TERM
Locus: Y
Pet'a jardur-oź vu-iz
pn . nom bank- term arrive- pst .3 sg
‘Petja reached the river bank.’

Ukrainian distatysja

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o dista-v-sja bereh-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg reach( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl bank( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro reached the bank.’

Ulcha xā-

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
xusə piktə sapsi kera-ti-ni xā-xa-ni
male child bank edge- lat -3 sg land- pst -3 sg
‘The boy came ashore.’
Note: Not quite exact translation of the stimulus sentence.

Uzbek etmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya sohil-ga et-ti
pn coast- dat reach- pst .3 sg
‘Petja reached the bank.’

Wolof àgg

Valency pattern: SBJ_ci
X: SBJ
Y: ci
Locus: Y
àgg-ag-unu ci tefes g-i
reach- nondum - prf . neg .s i :1 pl loc shore( g ) cl g - def
‘We haven’t reached the shore yet.’

Yukaghir (Northern) kötkǝj=

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Sǝmiǝn ǝnmu-diǝ iǝmum-dǝ-ɣa kötkǝ-č
pn river- dim opposite_bank- poss .3- loc come_to- intr .3 sg
‘Semien reached the bank.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_GOAL
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: GOAL
Locus: Y
o rɛʃt vɛr-e t͡ʃɛm-i
3 sg . m . abs reach. pst front- ez . m river- m . obl
‘He reached the bank of the river.’