BivalTyp

Komi-Permyak

Contributed by Ekaterina Sergeeva (Academia.edu profile) and Galina Nekrasova (Russian Science Citation Index profile).

E.S.'s photo G.N.'s photo

Translations were elicited in 2013, using the Russian version of the questionnaire.

How to cite

Sergeeva, Ekaterina & Galina Nekrasova. 2025. Bivalent patterns in Komi-Permyak. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on August 15, 2025; last revised on January 5, 2026.) (Available online at https://bivaltyp.info, Accessed on .)

Further details can be found in Nekrasova & Sergeeva (2018).

Nekrasova, G.A. & E. N. Sergeeva. 2018. Markirovanie aktantov dvuxmestnyx predikatov v kudymkarsko-in'venskom dialekte komi-permjackogo yazyka [Bivalent verbs' argument coding in the Kudymkar-In'va dialect of the Komi-Permyak language]. In S. S. Say (ed.). Valentnostnye klassy dvuxmestnyx predikatov v raznostrukturnyx jazykax [Bivalent valency classes in structurally diverse languages]. Saint Petersburg: ILS RAN. 354–375.

Basic info

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain viśni̮

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet’a-i̮s-ve̮n viś-ö jur-i̮s
pn - p .3- gen ache- prs .3 head- p .3
‘Petja has a headache.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.

2. have (illness) viśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a viś-ö gripp-ön
pn ache- prs .3 flu- ins
‘Petja has the flu.’

3. be afraid povni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL
X: NOM
Y: ABL
Locus: Y
Pet'a pov-ö pon-viś
pn be_afraid- prs .3 dog- abl
‘Petja is afraid of the dog.’

4. throw č́apki̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a č́apk-i-s iz
pn throw- pret -3 stone
‘Petja threw a stone.’

5. have enough ti̮rmi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-vö ti̮rm-ö d'eńga-i̮s
pn - dat suffice- prs .3 money- p .3
‘Petja has enough money.’

6. resemble vač́kisni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPLAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a vač́kiś-ö Maša-i̮s-vö
pn resemble- prs .3 pn - p .3- suplat
‘Petja resembles Masha.’

7. believe veritni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a verit-ö Maša-vö
pn believe- prs .3 pn - dat
‘Petja believes Masha.’

8. take bośtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a bośt-i-s kńiga
pn take- pret -3 book
‘Petja took a book.’

9. see adʒ́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a adʒ́-ö kerku
pn see- prs .3 house
‘Petja sees a house.’

10. influence vl'ijajtni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPLAT
Locus: Y
vozrast vl'ijajt-ö pamjat'-vö
age influence- prs .3 memory- suplat
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter pantaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a pantaś-i-s Maša-köt
pn encounter- pret -3 pn - com
‘Petja encountered Masha.’

12. enter pi̮rni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Pet'a pi̮r-i-s kerku-ö
pn enter- pret -3 house- ill
‘Petja entered the house.’

13. win vermi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a verm-i-s Maša-sö
pn win- pret -3 pn - acc . p .3
‘Petja beat Masha.’

14. go out petni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pet'a pet-i-s kerku-iś
pn go_out- pret -3 house- ela
‘Petja went out of the house.’

15. drive vašötni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vašö-t-e̮ me̮s-se̮
pn drive- prs .3 cow- acc
‘Petja is driving the cow.’

16. bend kösti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a köst-i-s uv
pn bend- pret -3 branch
‘Petja bent a branch.’

17. tell šuni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a šu-i-s Maša-vö
pn tell- pret -3 pn - dat
‘Petja told Masha.’

18. hold viʒ́ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a viʒ́-e̮ kńiga
pn hold- prs .3 book
‘Petja is holding a book.’

19. catch up vötni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vöt-i-s Maša-e̮s
pn catch_up- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja caught up with Masha.’

20. milk vi̮śti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vi̮śt-i-s me̮s-se̮
pn milk- pret -3 cow- acc
‘Petja milked the cow.’

21. reach vokni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_dynodz
X: NOM
Y: dynodz
Locus: Y
Pet'a vokt-i-s bereg di̮n-e̮ʒ́
pn come- pret -3 bank place_near- term
‘Petja reached the bank.’

22. touch pavköč́č́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_berdo
X: NOM
Y: berdo
Locus: Y
Pet'a pavke̮č́č́-i-s st'ena berd-ö
pn touch- pret -3 wall place_near- ill
‘Petja touched the wall.’

23. fight ti̮škaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a ti̮škaś-e̮ Maša-ke̮t
pn fight- prs .3 pn - com
‘Petja is fighting with Masha.’

24. be friends jortaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a jortaś-e̮ Maša-ke̮t
pn make_friends- prs .3 pn - com
‘Petja is friends with Masha.’

25. think dumajtni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ponda
X: NOM
Y: ponda
Locus: Y
Pet'a dumajt-e̮ Maša ponda
pn think- prs .3 pn about
‘Petja is thinking about Masha.’

26. eat śojni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a śo-i-s jablok
pn eat- pret -3 apple
‘Petja ate an apple.’

27. fry žaritni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a žarit-i-s č́eri
pn fry- pret -3 fish
‘Petja fried a fish.’

28. wait vič́č́iśni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vič́č́iś-e̮ Maša-e̮s
pn wait- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja is waiting for Masha.’

29. forget vunötč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vylis
X: NOM
Y: vylis
Locus: Y
Pet'a vune̮tč́-i-s me̮dik tuj vi̮l'-iś
pn forget- pret -3 second road up- ela
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’

30. depend zaviśitni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_EGR
X: NOM
Y: EGR
Locus: Y
pamjat'-i̮s zaviśit-ö vozras-śań
memory- p .3 depend- prs .3 age- egr
‘Memory depends on age.’

31. call korni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a kor-i-s Maša-e̮s
pn call- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja called Masha.’

32. get to know tödsaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a te̮dsaś-i-s Maša-ke̮t möjmu
pn get?to?know- pret -3 pn - com last_year
‘Petja got to know Masha last year.’

33. know tödni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a te̮d-ö Maša-ös
pn know- prs -3 pn - acc
‘Petja knows Masha.’

34. play (instrument) orsni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a ors-e̮ gitara-ön
pn play- prs .3 guitar- ins
‘Petja is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid pi̮ššavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_shogja
X: NOM
Y: shogja
Locus: Y
Pet'a pi̮ššav-ö Maša-i̮s šogja
‘ p etja avoids m asha.’
‘Petja avoids Masha.’

36. make kerni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ker-i-s bomba
pn make- pret -3 bomb
‘Petja made a bomb.’

37. make fun izd'evajtč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vylyn
X: NOM
Y: vylyn
Locus: Y
Pet'a izd'evajč́č́-e̮ Maša vi̮l-i̮n
pn make_fun- prs .3 pn top- ine
‘Petja is making fun of Masha.’

38. have vövni̮

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'al-ön em mašina
pn - gen be. prs .3 sg car
‘Petja has a car.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.

39. look for košši̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a košš-e̮ kl'uč́č́-ez
pn look_for- prs .3 key- pl
‘Petja is looking for the keys.’

40. paint kraśitni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a kraśit-ö je̮r
pn paint- prs .3 fence
‘Petja painted the fence.’

41. bite kurč́övtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
pon kurč́övt-i-s Pet'a-e̮s
dog bite- pret -3 pn - acc
‘A dog bit Petja.’

42. forfeit kol'č́č́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ABE
X: NOM
Y: ABE
Locus: Y
Pet'a kol'č́č́-i-s kerku-te̮g
pn leave- pret -3 house- abe
‘Petja lost his house.’

43. try to catch kutni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a kut-e̮ kań
pn try_to_catch- prs .3 cat
‘Petja is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break č́egötni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a č́egöt-i-s bed'
pn break- pret -3 stick
‘Petja broke a stick.’

45. flatter l'st'itč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a l'st'itč́-e̮ Maša-lö
pn flatter- prs .3 pn - dat
‘Petja is flattering Masha.’

46. love (person) l'ubitni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a l'ubit-e̮ Maša-e̮s
pn love- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja loves Masha.’

47. wave övtni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a e̮vt-e̮ č́i̮šjan-e̮n
pn wave- prs .3 handkerchief- ins
‘Petja is waving a handkerchief.’

48. dream dumajtni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_jylis
X: NOM
Y: jylis
Locus: Y
Pet'a dumajt-e̮ vil' mašina ji̮l-iś
pn think- prs .3 new car top- ela
‘Petja is dreaming of a new car.’

49. wash miśkavni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a miśkav-i-s bekör
pn wash- pret -3 cup
‘Petja washed the cup.’

50. put on paśtavni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a paśtav-i-s vešjjan
pn put_on- pret -3 trousers
‘Petja put on the trousers.’

51. be called šuśi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
eta instrument-i̮s šuś-e̮ kompas
this instrument- p .3 be_called- prs .3 compass
‘This instrument is called a compass.’

52. punish nakažitni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a nakižit-i-s as-śis zon-sö
pn punish- pret -3 one’s- abl . p .3 son- acc . p .3
‘Petja punished his son.’

53. attack uśkötč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vylo
X: NOM
Y: vylo
Locus: Y
oš uśköč́č́-i-s č́eriki̮jiś vi̮l-ö
bear attack- pret -3 fisherman top- ill
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) ti̮rni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
vedra-i̮s ti̮r-i-s va-e̮n
bucket- p .3 fill- pret -3 water- ins
‘The bucket filled with water.’

55. find adʒ́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a aʒ́ź-i-s kl'uč́č́-ez
pn find- pret -3 key- pl
‘Petja found the keys.’

56. be short NEG + ti̮rmi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-lö o-z ti̮rmi̮ e̮tik rub
pn - dat neg . prs -3 suffice one rouble
‘Petja is one rouble short.’

57. hate NEG + aʒ́zi̮ni̮ śinnas

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a śin-na-s o-z aʒ́zi̮ Maša-se̮
pn eye- ins - p .3 neg . prs -3 see pn - acc . p .3
‘Petja hates Masha.’

58. like gl'eńitč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-lö gl'eńič́č́-ö eta jörnös
pn - dat like- prs .3 this shirt
‘Petja likes this shirt.’

59. need kovni̮

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-vö kov-e̮ d'eńga
pn - dat be_necessary- prs .3 money
‘Petja needs money.’

60. surround sulavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_gogor
X: NOM
Y: gogor
Locus: Y
gorod gögör sulal-ö st'ena
city around stand- prs .3 wall
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain kovjč́č́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM
X: GEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'av-ön kovjč́č́-i-s ötik ti̮śač́a
pn - gen remain- pret -3 one thousand
‘Petja has one thousand roubles left.’
Note: Arguably, the NP in the genitive is a clause-level dependent.

62. answer otvet'itni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a otvet'it-i-s uč́it'el'-vö
pn answer- pret -3 teacher- dat
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

63. open ośti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ośt-i-s banka
pn open- pret -3 can
‘Petja opened a can.’

64. be different mödkod'ži̮k

Valency pattern: NOM_COMP
X: NOM
Y: COMP
Locus: Y
me-nam jörnös-ö möd-kod'-ži̮k te-nat-śa
i - gen shirt- acc other-than- cmpr you- gen - comp
‘My shirt is different from yours.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

65. fall behind kovjč́č́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_borsjan
X: NOM
Y: borsjan
Locus: Y
Pet'a kovjč́č́-i-s Maša be̮r-śań
pn remain- pret -3 pn back- egr
‘Petja fell behind Masha.’

66. plough görni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ge̮r-e̮ i̮b
pn plough- prs .3 field
‘Petja is ploughing the field.’

67. smell ki̮vni̮

Valency pattern: EGR_NOM
X: EGR
Y: NOM
Locus: X
me-nam ki-ez-śań ki̮l-ö benźin
i - gen hand- pl - egr hear- prs .3 gasoline
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’

68. cross vuǯni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vuǯ-i-s tuj
pn cross- pret -3 road
‘Petja crossed the road.’

69. sing śi̮vni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a śi̮v-i-s bi̮čöm śi̮vanki̮v
pn sing- pret -3 good song
‘Petja sang a beautiful song.’

70. write gižni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a giž-i-s piśmo
pn write- pret -3 letter
‘Petja wrote a letter.’

71. drink juni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a juv-i-s je̮v
pn drink- pret -3 milk
‘Petja drank the milk.’

72. melt si̮vötni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a si̮vöt-i-s č́ugun
pn melt- pret -3 cast_iron
‘Petja melted cast iron.’

73. match vöśavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_dyno
X: NOM
Y: dyno
Locus: Y
eta pojas vöśav-ö men-am pvatt'o di̮n-ö
this belt match- prs .3 i - gen dress place_near- ill
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave munni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pet'a muń-i-s as-las gorod'-iś
pn go- pret -3 self- gen .3 sg city- ela
‘Petja left his native city.’

75. cover vevtt'i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
kovjor-i̮s vevtt'-ö bi̮dös ǯoǯ-sö
carpet- p .3 cover- prs .3 all floor- acc . p .3
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember pomńitni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a bura pomńit-ö as-śis kerku
pn well remember- prs .3 one’s- abl . p .3 house
‘Petja remembers the house well.’

77. help otsavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a otsav-i-s Mašavö
pn help- pret -3 pn - dat
‘Petja helped Masha.’

78. understand (language) vežörtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vežört-ö francusköj ki̮v
pn understand- prs .3 f rench language
‘Petja understands French.’

79. hit (target) šedni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
č́arńöv šed-i-s kerku-ö
lightning get- pret -3 house- ill
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself vundaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a vundaś-i-s britva-ön
pn cut- pret -3 razor- ins
‘Petja cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck vjakaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_berdo
X: NOM
Y: berdo
Locus: Y
stakan-i̮s vjakaś-i-s kraśit-öm pi̮zan berd-e̮
glass- p .3 stick- pret -3 paint- pc . pret table place_near- ill
‘The glass got stuck to the painted table.’

82. lose (game) proigrajtni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a proigrajt-i-s Maša-vö
pn lose- pret -3 pn - dat
‘Petja lost to Masha.’

83. be glad voni̮ rad

Valency pattern: NOM_ponda
X: NOM
Y: ponda
Locus: Y
Pet'a vo-i-s rad piśmo-i̮s ponda
pn be- pret -3 glad letter- p .3 because_of
‘Petja was glad because of the letter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

84. speak baitni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a bait-ö Maša-köt
pn speak- prs .3 pn - com
‘Petja is speaking with Masha.’

85. give birth vajni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Maša va-i-s zon-ös
pn give_birth- pret -3 son- acc
‘Miriam gave birth to a son.’

86. drop uśkötni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a uśköt-i-s stokan
pn drop- pret -3 glass
‘Petja dropped the glass.’

87. govern juravni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a jurav-ö mi-jan kar-e̮n
pn govern- prs .3 we- gen city- ins
‘Petja runs our town.’

88. miss gažtömtč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ponda
X: NOM
Y: ponda
Locus: Y
Pet'a gažtömč́č́-ö Maša ponda
pn miss- prs .3 pn because_of
‘Petja misses Masha.’

89. follow munni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_borsjan
X: NOM
Y: borsjan
Locus: Y
Pet'a mun-ö Maša börśań
pn go- prs .3 pn behind
‘Petja follows Masha.’

90. dismount več́č́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vylis
X: NOM
Y: vylis
Locus: Y
Pet'a več́č́-i-s vöv vi̮l'-iś
pn get_down- pret -3 horse top- ela
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

91. listen ki̮vzi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ki̮vz-ö rad'io
pn listen- prs .3 radio
‘Petja is listening to radio.’

92. obey ki̮vziśni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ki̮vziś-ö mam-se̮
pn listen- prs .3 mother- acc . p .3
‘Petja listens to his mother.’

93. hear ki̮vni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ki̮v-ö muzi̮ka-sö
pn hear- prs .3 music- acc . p .3
‘Petja hears the music.’

94. mix sorvaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
ma sorvaś-i-s jöv-ön
honey mix- pret -3 milk- ins
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look viʒ́ötni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPLAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a viʒ́öt-ö ki̮mör-ez-vö
pn look- prs .3 cloud- pl - suplat
‘Petja is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off č́övti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a č́övt-i-s jörnös
pn take_off- pret -3 shirt
‘Petja took off the shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) vötaśni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Maša vötaś-ö Pet'a-sö
pn see_in_dream- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja dreams about Masha.’

98. agree soglaśitč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a soglaśič́č́-i-s Maša-köt
pn agree- pret -3 pn - com
‘Petja agreed with Masha.’

99. have a quarrel vidč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a vidč́-i-s Maša-köt
pn quarrell- pret -3 pn - com
‘Petja had a quarrel with Masha.’

100. cost suvavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
eta bekör suvav-ö ötik dollar
this cup cost- prs .3 one dollar
‘This cup costs one dollar.’

101. shoot at vi̮jni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a vi̮j-i-s kaj-vö
pn shoot- pret -3 bird- dat
‘Petja shot at the bird.’

102. pour pukti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a pukt-i-s saχar
pn put- pret -3 sugar
‘Petja poured the sugar.’

103. lose öšti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a öšt-i-s kl'uč́č́-ez
pn lose- pret -3 key- pl
‘Petja lost the keys.’

104. sink vöjni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
pes ve̮-i-s va-as
log sink- pret -3 water- ill . p .3
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill vijni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vi-i-s Maša-e̮s
pn beat- pret -3 pn - acc
‘Petja killed Masha.’

106. hit vač́ki̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a vač́k-i-s Maša-vö
pn hit- pret -3 pn - dat
‘Petja hit Masha.’

107. kiss oki̮štni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a oki̮št-i-s Maša-se̮
pn kiss- pret -3 pn - acc . p .3
‘Petja kissed Masha.’

108. read vi̮dd'ötni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a vi̮dd'öt-i-s int'eresne̮j kńiga
pn read- pret -3 interesting book
‘Petja read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) vörźötni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a ve̮rźöt-i-s č́uńj-ez-na-s
pn move- pret -3 finger- pl - ins - p .3
‘Petja moved his fingers.’

110. respect uvažajtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a uvažajt-e̮ Maša-e̮s
pn respect- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja respects Masha.’

111. be squeamish brezgujtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a brezgujt-e̮ greź-öś posuda-sö
pn be_squeamish- prs .3 dirt-stained dishes- acc
‘Petja is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content voni̮ rad

Valency pattern: NOM_ponda
X: NOM
Y: ponda
Locus: Y
Pet'a rad as-vas zon ponda
pn glad self- gen . p .3 son because_of
‘Petja is satisfied with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

113. fall in love vl'ubitč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPLAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a vl'ubitč́-i-s Maša-vö
pn fall_in_love- pret -3 pn - suplat
‘Petja fell in love with Masha.’

114. trust veritni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a verit-e̮ Maša-vö
pn trust- prs .3 pn - dat
‘Petja trusts Masha.’

115. sympathise žal'ejtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a žal'ejt-e̮ as-śis mam-se̮
pn sympathise- prs .3 self- abl . p .3 mother- acc . p .3
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’

116. envy zavidujti̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a zavidujt-e̮ Maša-vö
pn envy- prs .3 pn - dat
‘Petja envies Masha.’

117. be angry vögavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPLAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a vögav-e̮ Maša-vö
pn be_angry- prs .3 pn - suplat
‘Petja is angry with Masha.’

118. be surprised d'ivujtč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPLAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a d'ivujtč́-ö eta podarok-vö
pn be_surprised- prs .3 this gift- suplat
‘Petja was surprised at this gift.’

119. love (tea) l'ubitni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a l'ubit-e̮ č́aj
pn love- prs .3 tea
‘Petja loves tea.’

120. enjoy naslaždajtč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Pet'a naslaždajtč́-ö pi̮m č́aj-ön
pn enjoy- prs .3 hot tea- ins
‘Petja enjoys hot tea.’

121. want kovni̮

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Pet'a-vö kov-ö vil' mobil'ńik
pn - dat be_necessary- prs .3 new mobile_phone
‘Petja needs a new mobile phone.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

122. have a grudge vögavni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pet'a vögav-e̮ Maša-köt
pn hold_a_grudge- prs .3 pn - com
‘Petja holds a grudge against Masha.’

123. take offence obid'itč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPLAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a obid'itč́-i-s Maša-ve̮
pn take_offence- pret -3 pn - suplat
‘Petja took offence at Masha.’

124. upset rasstroitni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a ödd'ön rasstroit-i-s Maša-sö
pn very upset- pret -3 pn - acc . p .3
‘Petja greatly upset Miriam.’

125. marvel d'ivujtč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPLAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a d'ivujtč́-ö eta gorod-vö
pn be_impressed- prs .3 this city- suplat
‘Petja was impressed by this town.’

126. despise preźirajtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a preźirajt-e̮ Maša-e̮s
pn despise- prs .3 pn - acc
‘Petja despises Masha.’

127. get upset rastroitč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ponda
X: NOM
Y: ponda
Locus: Y
Pet'a rastroitč́-i-s as-vas zon ponda
pn get_upset- pret -3 self- gen . p .3 son because_of
‘Petja got upset because of his son.’

128. get irritated vögaśni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPLAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a vögaś-ö as-vas ni̮v-vö
pn get_irritated- prs .3 self- abl . p .3 daughter- suplat
‘Petja is irritated with his daughter.’

129. be fond gveńitč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Pet'a-vö gveńič́č́-ö Maša
pn - dat be_fond- prs .3 pn
‘Petja is fond of Masha.’

130. be shy st'esńajtč́i̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pet'a st'esńajtč́-ö as-vas rost-iś
pn be_embarrassed- prs .3 one’s- gen . p .3 height- ela
‘Petja is embarrassed about his height.’