BivalTyp

‘love (tea)’

Argument frame: X (love) Y
Stimulus sentence: P. loves tea .
Predicate label Ru: любить#чай#
Argument frame Ru: X (любить) Y (чай/яблоки)
Stimulus sentence Ru: П. любит чай .

Abaza bzəj ba

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
zaréma č’aj bzəj jə-l-b-ə́j-d
pn tea good 3 sg . n . abs -3 sg . f . erg -see- prs - dcl
‘Zarema loves tea.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) jə-č̣ʼese

Valency pattern: POSS_ABS
X: POSS
Y: ABS
Locus: X
pŝaŝe-m čʼajə-r jə-č̣ʼas
girl- obl tea- abs 3 sg . pr + poss -favourite
‘The girl loves tea.’

Aghul kːan-

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
aslan.a-s čaj kːan-e-f-e
pn - dat tea love- ptcp - nmlz - cop
‘Aslan loves tea.’

Akhvakh (Northern) kunuƛa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pataħi-ƛa čeje kw-ini
pn - dat tea like- ipf
‘Patahi loves tea.’

Andi (Zilo) dʒiʔ.i-r

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM
X: AFF
Y: NOM
Locus: X
pat’imati-<b>o dʒiʔ.i-r tʃaj
pn - aff < inan 1> like. pst - prog tea[ inan 1][ nom ]
‘Patimat likes tea.’

Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi) ˁǧb

Valency pattern: DO_SBJ
X: DO
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
yǝˁǧǝb-u l-Abrahām čāy
please. ipf .3 ms - o .3 ms to- pn tea
‘Abraham likes tea.’

Arabic (Northern Syrian) ḥabb

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Salwa tḥəbb əč-čay
pn like. ipfv .3 f def -tea
‘Salwa loves tea.’

Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth) ḥ.b.b

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Shadi biḥeb iš-šāy
pn love. prs .3 m . sg def -tea
‘Shadi loves tea.’

Arabic (standard) Ɂaḥabba

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Badr-un yuḥibbu š-šāy-a
pn - nom love. ipf .3 m def -tea- acc
‘Badr loves tea.’

Archi ʟʼan

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
paša-s čij ʟʼan ke-r
pn - dat tea want 4.become- ipfv
‘Pasha liked the tea.’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence. Non-verbal predicate (stative).

Armenian (Eastern) sirel

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: DAT~NOM
Locus: TR
Petros-ə t’ey ē+sirum
pn [ nom ]- def tea[ nom ] love: prs :3 sg
‘Petros loves tea.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic xoš atə

Valency pattern: EXT/REL_men
X: EXT/REL
Y: men
Locus: XY
ayyé baxta xoš-o bitay=əla mən +čay
dem 3. f woman( f ) happiness( f )- p .3 f come. prog =3 f from tea( m )
‘This woman loves tea.’

Avar boƛ’ize

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ʕali-je čaj b-oƛ’-ula
pn - dat tea n -want- ipf
‘Ali loves tea.’

Azerbaijani xoşlamaq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Aslan çay xoşla-yır
pn tea like- ipfv (3)
‘Aslan loves tea.’

Bafut kɔ̀ŋə̂

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
àmbɛ́ à kɔ̀ŋə̂ tíí
pn sm love tea
‘Ambe loves tea.’

Bambara bɛ́/tɛ́

Valency pattern: SBJ_fe
X: SBJ
Y: fe
Locus: Y
Sékù bɛ́ wòro` fɛ̀
pn be cola_nuts\ art by
‘Seku likes cola nuts.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Bartangi

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Ahmed čoy zöw-ǰ
pn tea love- pf
‘Ahmed loves tea.’

Belarusian liubić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Alieś liub-ić harbat-u
pn [ nom . sg ] like( ipfv )- prs .3 sg tea- acc . sg
‘Ales loves tea.’

Budugh ħaz ʕaşxar

Valency pattern: DAT_ABL
X: DAT
Y: ABL
Locus: XY
aslan-ız çay-ın-a'r ħaz ʕaşxar-i
pn - dat tea- obl - abl pleasure n .come. ipfv - nonpst
‘Aslan loves tea.’

Bulgarian obicham

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Petăr obicha chay
pn love( ipfv ). prs .3 sg tea
‘Petar loves tea.’

Catalan agradar

Valency pattern: NDIR.OBJ_SBJ
X: NDIR.OBJ
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
al Pere li agrad-a el te
to. def . sg . m pn ( m ) dat .3 sg like-3 sg . prs . ind def . sg . m tea( m )
‘Pere loves tea.’

Chechen AGR-ieza

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
Islam-ana chaj d-ieza
pn - dat tea. abs d -love/want/need/must. prs
‘Islam loves tea.’

Chinese (Mandarin) xǐ'ài

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān xǐ'ài chá
pn love tea
‘Zhangsan loves tea.’

Chirag b-ikː-

Valency pattern: SUPER_ABS
X: SUPER
Y: ABS
Locus: X
ʡa̰li-l-i nig d-ikː-le
pn - obl - super milk( abs ) n . pl -love: ipf - dur . res .3
‘Ali loves milk.’
Note: Stative predicate.

Croatian voljeti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Per-o voli čaj
pn - nom . sg like( ipfv ). prs .3 sg tea[ acc . sg ]
‘Pero loves tea.’

Czech mít rád

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr má rád čaj
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg glad tea( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petr loves tea.’

Danish elske

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter elske-r te
pn love- prs tea( c ). sg
‘Peter loves tea.’

Dargwa (Itsari) B-ičː-aq-uj

Valency pattern: SUPER.LAT_ABS
X: SUPER.LAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
Islam-li-j čaˤj d-ičː-aq-u
pn - obl - super ( lat ) tea( abs ) npl -want. ipfv - caus - prs . hab
‘Islam loves tea.’

Dargwa (Kadar) dig-aq-es (IPFV)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
meħamad-i-s čaj dig-aq-u
pn - obl - dat tea love. ipfv - caus - th
‘Muhammad loves tea.’

Dargwa (Kaytag) dič:aχvara

Valency pattern: DATLAT_NOM
X: DATLAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petja-j č:aˁj d-ič:uχ-u
pn - datlat tea( npl ) npl -love. ipf - evt
‘Petja loves tea.’

Dargwa (Kubachi)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
gal-i čaˤj d-ičː-iq-u
boy- dat tea( npl ) npl -like. ipfv - caus -3 evt
‘The boy wants tea.’

Dargwa (Tsudakhar) b-ikː-aq-iz

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
uršːi-z čaj d-ikː-aq-u
boy- dat tea npl -like/want- caus - hab . prs 3
‘The boy loves tea.’

Dargwa (Tsugni) b-ič:-i

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
durħaˤ-j čaˤj d-ikː-u
boy- dat tea npl -like- hab . prs 3
‘The boy loves tea.’

Dutch houden

Valency pattern: SBJ_van
X: SBJ
Y: van
Locus: Y
Piet houd-t van thee
pn ( c ) love-3 sg from tea( c )
‘Piet loves tea.’

Enets (Forest) kɔmita

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
modʲi kasa-jʔ kare kɔmita
i man- nom . sg .1 sg fish like( ipfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend likes fish’.

English love

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter loves tea.

Estonian armastama

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Peeter armasta-b tee-d
pn . sg . nom love- prs .3 sg tea- part
‘Peeter loves tea.’

Finnish pitää

Valency pattern: NOM_ELA
X: NOM
Y: ELA
Locus: Y
Pekka pit-ää tee-stä
pn . nom like- prs .3 sg tee- ela
‘Pekka loves tea.’

French aimer

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Paul aime les pomme-s
pn ( m ) like. prs .3 sg def . pl apple( f )- pl
‘Paul loves apples.’

Gascon aima

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pèir aima lo tè
pn like. prs .3 sg def . sg . m tea
‘Pèir loves tea.’

Gban lìè … gbḭ́ ɛ̰́

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ka̋fe̋ ‶ lȉȅ Zá̰ gbḭ́=ɛ̰́
coffee 3 sg ipfv \be_good pn lung=at
‘Zan loves coffee.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Georgian Ø-u-q'var-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
p'et're-s Ø-u-q'var-s čai-Ø
pn - dat io 3- ver : o -love- s 3 sg tea- nom
‘Petre loves tea.’

German lieben

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Karl lieb-t Tee
pn [ nom . sg ] love- prs .3 sg tea[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl loves tea.’

Hebrew (modern) ohev

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pinχas ohev te
pn love[ ptcp . sg . m ] tea
‘Pinchas loves tea.’

Hindi pasaṁd honā

Valency pattern: DAT_DIR
X: DAT
Y: DIR
Locus: X
Pratīk ko cāy pasaṁd hɛ
pn ( m ). sg . obl acc / dat tea( m ). sg . dir liked be. prs .3 sg
‘Prateek likes tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Indonesian (standard) suka

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Abdul sangat suka the
pn very like tea
‘Abdul loves tea.’

Irish is breá

Valency pattern: le_SBJ
X: le
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
Is breá le Pól tae.
cop . prs pleasant with pn tea
‘Pól loves tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Italian piacere

Valency pattern: NDIR.OBJ_SBJ
X: NDIR.OBJ
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
a Leo piac-e il tè
to pn ( m ) like-3 sg . prs def . sg . m tea. sg . m
‘Leo loves tea.’

Karata ƛ’abaɬaɬa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
ʕalja čaj ƛ’ab-a
pn . dat tea love- pf
‘Ali loves tea.’

Kazakh žaqsï kör

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya šay-dï žaqsï kör-edі
pn tea- acc good see- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya loves tea.’

Khanty (Kazym) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Khoekhoe ǀnam

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petru-b ge dai-i-a a ǀnam
pn -3 m . sg decl milk-3 c . sg - obl aux love
‘Peter loves milk.’
Note: The verb here is a stative verb and has to be used with auxiliaries.

Khwarshi goqa

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
di-l c'aq' go:qa k'ora
1 sg . o - dat very like\ gnt cheese
‘I like cheese very much.’

Komi-Permyak любитны

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Петя любит-ӧ чай
pn любить- prs .3 чай
‘Петя любит чай.’

Komi-Zyrian rad'ejtni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a rad'ejt-e̮ čaj
pn like- prs .3 tea
‘Petja loves tea.’

Kpelle (Guinean) wɛ́li káa

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
kwíi tóù wɛ́li káa Hɛ́ni ɓâ
white_person palm\ l love be pn on1
‘Heni loves pineapples.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Kryz (Alik) xuş xhiyic

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
terlan-iz çay xuş şe-re
pn - dat tea( n ) good be. ipfv - prs . n
‘Terlan loves tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kryz (Ismayilli) xoş ʕaxhiric

Valency pattern: INESS_ADEL
X: INESS
Y: ADEL
Locus: XY
aslan-a çay-ini-var xoş ʕaşxha-re
pn - iness tea- obl - adel good come. ipf - prs . n
‘Aslan loves tea.’

Kryz (proper) ik xhiyic

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
aslan-is çay ik şa-ri
pn - dat tea want. ipf be- prs . n
‘Aslan loves tea.’

Kumyk süjmek

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: DO
Locus: TR
patimat čaj süj-e
pn tea want-3 sg
‘Patimat loves tea.’

Kurdish (Sorani) ḧez bûn

Valency pattern: EXT_le
X: EXT
Y: le
Locus: XY
Hîwa ḧez=î zor le ça-ye
pn joy=3 sg . pc very from tea-be. prs .3 sg
‘Hiwa loves tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) hez kirin (tr)

Valency pattern: SBJ.TR_jiOBL
X: SBJ.TR
Y: jiOBL
Locus: Y
zilam ji çay-ê hez di-k-e
man from tea- obl . f love prs -do. ipfv -3 sg
‘The man loves tea.’

Lak (Quba)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Maħammad-lu-n χːira-r čaj
pn - obl - dat love- prs .3 p tea
‘Mohammad loves tea.’

Latin amo

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Bacch-us ama-t flor-es
pn ( m )- nom . sg love[ prs . ind ]- act .3 sg flower( m )- acc . pl
‘Bacchus loves the flowers.’
Note: (Ov. Fasti. V, 345)

Laz k'ai o-c'on-u

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Käzim-i-s čai-Ø k'ai d-Ø-a-c'on-en-Ø
pn - b - dat tea- nom good prv - io 3- ver : sup -like- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Käzim likes tea greatly.’

Lezgian (Yargun) kkan jen

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Sahib-a-z çay ppara kkan-da
pn - obl - dat tea much want- evt
‎‎‎‘Sahib loves tea.’

Macedonian saka

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar saka čaj
pn love( ipfv ). prs .3 sg tea( m ). sg
‘Petar loves tea.’

Maltese ħabb

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Ġwanni jħobb it-te
pn love. ipf . m .3 sg def -tea
‘Ġwanni loves tea.’

Maninka (Eastern) dúman

Valency pattern: nye_SBJ
X: nye
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
Tɛ́` dúman Sékù ɲɛ́.
tea\ art pleasant pn before
‘Seku loves tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predication.

Mano nāā

Valency pattern: SBJ_ka
X: SBJ
Y: ka
Locus: Y
ŋ́ŋ̀ nàà ī ká
1 sg . ipfv love: ipfv 2 sg with
‘I love you.’

Mansi (Northern) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

Mehweb -iges (IPFV)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Islam-is d-ig-an čaj
pn - dat npl -want: ipfv - hab tea[ ru ]
‘Islam loves tea.’
Note: “-ig-” ‘want’ tends to be used with the same gender prefix "d-" independent of the controller; one could interpret "dig-" as the imperfective stem of the verb.

Mingrelian Ø-u-ʔor-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
čelo-s čai-Ø Ø-u-ʔor-s
pn - dat tea- nom io 3- ver : o -love- s 3 sg
‘Chelo loves tea.’

Nanai uləsi-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petia čaj-wa uləsi-ni
pn tea- obl love. ipfv . npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia loves tea.’

Nivkh ezmud

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik cʰaj + smо-d
pn tea + like- ind
‘Kaskazik loves tea.’

Norwegian Bokmål å elske

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per elske-r te
pn love- prs tea
‘Per loves tea.’

Oromo (West Central) dʒaallata

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
obsaa-n ʃaajii dʒaallat-a
pn - nom tea. abs love-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa loves tea.’

Persian dūst dāštan

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ahmad čāyī dūst dār-ad
pn tea friend have. prs -3 sg
‘Ahmad loves tea.’

Polish lubić

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Michał lubi herbat-ę
pn [ nom . sg ] love: ipfv . prs .3 sg tea- acc . sg
‘Michał loves tea.’

Portuguese (Brazilian) adorar

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pedro ador-a chá
pn ( m ) love-3 sg . prs tea( m )
‘Pedro loves tea.’

Romani (Kalderash) plaćal

Valency pattern: ACC_NOM
X: ACC
Y: NOM
Locus: X
le Murš-as plaća-n le phab-a
art . m . obl . sg pn - acc . sg like- prs .3 pl art . pl apple- nom . pl
‘Murša loves apples.’

Romanian a plăcea

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
lui Petru îi place ceai-ul
he. dat . acnt pn s/he. dat . nant like. prs .3 sg tea- def . dir
‘Petru loves tea.’

Russian ljubitʹ

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet-ja ljub-it čaj
pn ( m )- nom . sg love( ipfv )- prs .3 sg tea( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petja loves tea.’

Rutul (Kina) qɨgara

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
rasul-u-s q-ɨga-r=a čej
pn - obl - dat re -4.love. ipfv - cvb =be tea( nom )
‘Rasul loves tea.’

Rutul (Mukhad) jıgın

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-ı-s čej jıga-d i
pn - obl - dat tea n .want. ipf - attr ( n ) cop
‘Murad loves tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (close to a headless relative clause).

Rutul (Myukhrek)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
mırad-ıs çay xuş yiʔi
pn - dat tea please( co ) n . cop
‘Murad loves tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Rutul (Shin-Borch) qhıgın

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-ı-s çey qhıga-r
pn - obl - dat tea ( n )love. ipf - prs
‘Murad loves tea.’

Rutul (Shinaz) begemiš h-iši-n

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
basir-ɨs begemiš ij čej
pn - dat like. cov cop tea
‘Basir loves tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Saami (Skolt) tuʹǩǩeed

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
Peâtt tuʹǩǩad čee-st
pn . sg . nom like. prs .3 sg tea- sg . loc
‘Pete likes tea.’

Sagada beta

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
Pat’imat-e b-et-ix čaj
pn - dat iii -want- prs tea( iii )
‘Patimat likes tea.’

Serbian voleti

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petar voli čaj
pn . nom . sg like. prs .3 sg tea. acc . sg
‘Petar loves tea.’

Shughni žīwǰdow

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM.CL
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Azim=i čoy žīwǰ
pn =3 sg tea love
‘Azim loves tea.’

Slovak mať rád

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Peter má rád čaj
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] have( ipfv ). prs .3 sg glad tea( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Peter loves tea.’

Slovenian imeti rad

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
An-a ima rad-a čaj
pn - nom . sg have: ipfv . prs .3 sg happy- f . sg tea[ acc . sg ]
‘Ana loves tea.’

Spanish gustar

Valency pattern: NDIR.OBJ_SBJ
X: NDIR.OBJ
Y: SBJ
Locus: X
a Pedro le gust-a el té
ndir . obj pn [ sg . m ] he. ndir . obj like- prs .3 sg art . def . sg . m tea[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro loves tea.’

Svan x-a-lät' (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
maizer-s čai-Ø x-a-lät'
pn - dat tea- nom io 3- ver : sup -love
‘Maizer loves tea.’

Swedish att älska

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn älska-r te
pn love- prs tea
‘Björn loves tea.’

Tabasaran (Kandyk)

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS
X: DAT
Y: ABS
Locus: X
maˁhaˁmad.a-z meʔli čaj kːun-i-b vu
pn - dat sweet tea( abs ) love- part - n . sg cop ( prs )
‘Mahamad loves sweet tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (participle).

Tagalog mahilig

Valency pattern: SBJNV_LOC
X: SBJNV
Y: LOC
Locus: XY
mahilig sa tsaa si Pedro
like. adj dat tea pers . subj pn
‘Pedro loves tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (adjective).

Telugu iṣṭamu + COP

Valency pattern: DAT_ante
X: DAT
Y: ante
Locus: XY
pravīṇ-ki ṭī aṁṭē iṣṭamu
pn ( m ). sg . obl - dat tea( n ). sg . nom that_is liking( n ). sg . nom
‘Praveen loves tea.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Tsakhur ıkkıykıniy

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
murad-ı-s čey ıkkan
pn - obl - dat tea n .want. ipf
‘Murad loves tea.’

Tswana rata

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kitso o-rat-a Ø-tee
prn (1) s i :cl1-like- fv sg -tea(9)
‘Kitso likes tee.’

Turkish sevmek

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mehmet çay sev-er
pn tea love- aor
‘Mehmet loves tea.’

Turoyo roḥəm

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Gabriyel ko-roḥəm i tiyo
pn prs -love. ipfv .3 m art . f tea( f )
‘Gabriyel loves tea.’

Twi dᴐ

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kofi dᴐ tee
pn love. prs tea
‘Kofi loves tea.’

Udi çureśes

Valency pattern: TR
X: ERG
Y: ABS/DAT
Locus: TR
Mart'a-n çəy çur=e=sa
pn - erg tea love=3 sg = lv + prs
‘Marta loves tea.’

Udmurt jarati̮ni̮

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Pet'a č́aj jarate
pn . nom tea. nom love. prs .3 sg
‘Petja loves tea.’

Ukrainian ljubyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o ljub-yt’ čaj
pn ( m )- nom . sg love( ipfv )- prs .3 sg tea( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro loves tea.’

Ulcha uləsi-

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ama čaj-wa uləs-i-ni
father tea- acc love- prs -3 sg
‘Father loves tea.’

Uzbek yaxši qormoq

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petya čoy yaxši qor-a-di
pn tea well see- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja loves tea.’

Wolof bëgg

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBJ
Locus: TR
waa Senegaal dañu bëgg ceeb-u jén
people pn f oc v .s i :3 pl like rice( b )- cstr fish( w )
‘The Senegalese like rice and fish.’

Yukaghir (Northern) amudˈī=

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
ilǝ sаmnаldаŋnˈǝ-lǝ mǝr аmudˈī-m
deer mushroom- acc aff like- tr .3 sg
‘The deer likes mushrooms.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: SBJ.TR_ra.PSTP
X: SBJ.TR
Y: ra.PSTP
Locus: Y
a t͡ʃaj=ra hɛs kɛ-n-a
3 sg . f . abs tea=from love make. prs - aug -3 sg . f
‘She loves tea.’