BivalTyp

Ukrainian

Contributed by Natalia Zaika (Academia.edu profile)

N.Z.'s photo

The data were gathered in 2017 using the Russian version of the questionnaire.

How to cite

Zaika, Natalia. 2025. Bivalent patterns in Ukrainian. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on January 8, 2025; last revised on January 8, 2025.) (Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info, Accessed on )

Basic info

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern
Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain bolity

Valency pattern: uGEN_NOM
X: uGEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
u Petr-a bolyt’ holov-a
at pn ( m )- gen . sg ache( ipfv ). prs .3 sg head( f )- nom . sg
‘Petro has a headache.’

2. have (illness) khvoryty

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o khvoriye na hryp
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_ill( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on flu( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro has the flu.’

3. be afraid boyatysya

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o boyit-sya sobak-y
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_afraid( ipfv ). prs .3 sg - refl dog( f )- gen . sg
‘Petro is afraid of the dog.’

4. throw kynuty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o kynu-v kamін’
pn ( m )- nom . sg throw( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] stone( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro threw a stone.’

5. have enough vystachaty

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Petr-u vystachaye hrosh-ey
pn ( m )- dat . sg suffice( ipfv ). prs .3 sg money- gen . pl
‘Petro has enough money.’

6. resemble skhozhyy + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o skhozh-yy na Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg similar- nom . m . sg on pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro resembles Mariya.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

7. believe doviryaty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o doviryaye Mari-yi
pn ( m )- nom . sg believe( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro believes Mariya.’

8. take vzyaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vz’a-v knyh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg take( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] book( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro took a book.’

9. see bachyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o bachit’ budynok
pn ( m )- nom . sg see( ipfv ). prs .3 sg house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro sees a house.’

10. influence vplyvaty

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
vik vplyvaye na pam’iat’
age( m )[ nom . sg ] influence( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on memory( f )[ acc . sg ]
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter zustritysya

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o zustri-v-sya z Mari-yeyu
pn ( m )- nom . sg meet( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro encountered Mariya.’

12. enter zayty

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o zayshov do khat-y
pn ( m )- nom . sg enter( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] to house( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro entered the house.’

13. win vyhraty

Valency pattern: NOM_uGEN
X: NOM
Y: uGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o vyhra-v u Mari-yi
pn ( m )- nom . sg win( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] at pn ( f )- gen . sg
‘Petro beat Mariya.’

14. go out vyjty

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o vyisho-v z dom-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg go_out( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] from2 house( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro went out of the house.’

15. drive hnaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zhene korov-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg drive( ipfv ). prs .3 sg cow( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is driving the cow to the pasture.’

16. bend zihnuty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zihnu-v hilk-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg bend( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] branch( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro bent the branch.’

17. tell skazaty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o skaza-v Mari-yi
pn ( m )- nom . sg tell( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro told Mariya: …’

18. hold trymaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o trymaye knyh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg hold( ipfv )- prs .3 sg book( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is holding a book.’

19. catch up nazdohnaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o nazdohna-v Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg catch_up( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro caught up with Mariya.’

20. milk podoyity

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o podoyi-v korov-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg milk( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] cow( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro milked the cow.’

21. reach distatysya

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o dista-v-sya bereh-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg reach( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl bank( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro reached the bank.’

22. touch dotorknutysya

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o dotorknu-v-sya do stiny
pn ( m )- nom . sg touch( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl to wall( f )- gen . sg
‘Petro touched the wall.’

23. fight bytysya

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o b’yet’-sya z Mari-yeyu
pn ( m )- nom . sg fight( ipfv ). prs .3 sg - refl with pn ( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro is fighting with Mariya.’

24. be friends tovaryshuvaty

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o tovarishuye z Mari-yeyu
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_friends( ipfv ). prs .3 sg with pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro is friends with Mariya.’

25. think dumaty

Valency pattern: NOM_proACC
X: NOM
Y: proACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o dumaye pro Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg think( ipfv ). prs .3 sg about pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is thinking about Mariya.’

26. eat z’jisty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o z’yi-v yabluk-o
pn ( m )- nom . sg eat( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] apple( n )- acc . sg
‘Petro ate an apple.’

27. fry zasmazhyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zasmazhy-v ts’oho karas’-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg fry( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] this. m . acc . sg crucian_carp( m )- acc . sg
‘Petro fried the fish.’

28. wait chekaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o chekaye Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg wait( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is waiting for Mariya.’

29. forget zabutysya

Valency pattern: NOM_proACC
X: NOM
Y: proACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o zabu-v-sya pro insh-u doroh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg forget( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl about other- f . acc . sg road( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro forgot about the other road.’

30. depend zalezhaty

Valency pattern: NOM_vidGEN
X: NOM
Y: vidGEN
Locus: Y
Pam’yat’ zalezhyt' vid vik-u
memory( f )[ nom . sg ] depend( ipfv ). prs .3 sg from age( m )- gen . sg
‘Memory depends on age.’

31. call poklykaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o poklyka-v Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg call( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro called Mariya.’

32. get to know poznaimytysya

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o poznayomy-v-sya z Mari-yeyu rik tomu
pn ( m )- nom . sg get_to_know( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with pn ( f )- ins . sg year( m )[ acc . sg ] that. dat . sg
‘Petro got to know Mariya a year ago.’

33. know znaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o znaye Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg know( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro knows Mariya.’

34. play (instrument) hraty

Valency pattern: NOM_naLOC
X: NOM
Y: naLOC
Locus: Y
Petr-o hraye na hitar-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg play( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on guitar( f )- loc . sg
‘Petro is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid unykaty

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o unykaye Mari-yi
pn ( m )- nom . sg avoid( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( f )- gen . sg
‘Petro avoids Mariya.’

36. make vyhotovyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vyhotovy-v vybukhivk-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg make( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] explosive( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro made an explosive.’

37. make fun znushchatysya

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o znushchayet’-sya z Mari-yi
pn ( m )- nom . sg make_fun( ipfv ). prs .3 sg - refl above pn ( f )- gen . sg
‘Petro is making fun of Mariya.’

38. have buty

Valency pattern: uGEN_NOM
X: uGEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
u Petr-a ye mashyn-a
at pn ( m )- gen . sg be. prs .3 car( f )- nom . sg
‘Petro has a car.’

39. look for shukaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o shukaye klyuch-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg look_for( ipfv ). prs .3 sg key( m )- acc . pl
‘Petro is looking for his keys.’

40. paint zafarbuvaly

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zafarbuva-v zahorozh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg paint( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] fence( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro painted the fence.’

41. bite vkusty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
sobak-a vkusy-l-a Petr-a
dog( f )- nom . sg bite( pfv )- pst - f . sg pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘A dog bit Petro.’

42. forfeit vtratyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vtraty-v dim
pn ( m )- nom . sg lose( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro lost hist house.’

43. try to catch lovyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o lovyt’ kits’k-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg try_to_catch( ipfv ). prs .3 sg cat( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break zlamaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zlama-v palyts-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg break( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] stick( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro broke a stick.’

45. flatter lesty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o lestyt’ Mari-yi
pn ( m )- nom . sg flatter( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro is flattering Mariya.’

46. love (person) khodaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o kokhaye Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg love( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro loves Mariya.’

47. wave makhaty

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o makhaye khustko-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg wave( ipfv ). prs .3 sg kerchief( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro is waving a handkerchief.’

48. dream mriiaty

Valency pattern: NOM_proACC
X: NOM
Y: proACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o mriye pro mashyn-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg dream( ipfv ). prs .3 sg about car( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is dreaming of a new car.’

49. wash vymyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vymy-v chashk-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg wash( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] cup( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro washed the cup.’

50. put on odiahnyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o odiahnu-v shtan-y
pn ( m )- nom . sg put_on( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] trousers- acc . pl
‘Petro put on his trousers.’

51. be called nazyvatysya

Valency pattern: NOM_NOM(NO.AGR)
X: NOM
Y: NOM(NO.AGR)
Locus: Y
tsey predmet nazyvayet-sya kompas
this. m . nom . sg object( m )[ nom . sg ] call( ipfv ). prs .3 sg - refl compass( m )[ nom . sg ]
‘This object is called a compass.’

52. punish pokaraty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o pokara-v svoho syn-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg punish( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] one’s. m . acc . sg son( m )- acc . sg
‘Petro punished his son.’

53. attack nakynutysya

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
vedmid’ nakynu-v-sya na rybak-a
bear( m )[ nom . sg ] throw( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl on fisherman( m )- acc . sg
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) napovnyty

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
vidr-o napovny-l-o-sya vodo-yu
bucket( n )- nom . sg fill( pfv )- pst - n . sg - refl water( f )- ins . sg
‘The bucket filled with water.’

55. find znahity

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o znaysho-v klyuch-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg find( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] key( m )- acc . pl
‘Petro found his keys.’

56. be short vystachaty + NEG

Valency pattern: DAT_GEN
X: DAT
Y: GEN
Locus: XY
Petr-u ne vystachaye odn-oho dolar-a
pn ( m )- dat . sg not suffice( ipfv ). prs .3 sg one- m . gen . sg dollar( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro is one dollar short.’

57. hate nenavydyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o nenavydyt’ Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg hate( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro hates Mariya.’

58. like podobatysya

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-u podobayet’-sya tsya sorochk-a
pn ( m )- dat . sg please( ipfv ). prs .3 sg - refl this. f . nom . sg shirt( f )- nom . sg
‘Petro likes this shirt.’

59. need neobkhidny + COP

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Petr-u neobkhidn-i hrosh-i
pn ( m )- dat . sg necessary- nom . pl money- nom . pl
‘Petro needs money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

60. surround otochuvaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
mist-o otochuyut’ stin-y
city( n )- acc . sg surround( ipfv ). prs .3 pl wall( f )- nom . pl
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain zalyshytsya

Valency pattern: uGEN_NOM
X: uGEN
Y: NOM
Locus: X
u Petr-a zalyshy-l-o-sya desyat’ dolar-iv
at pn ( m )- gen . sg remain( pfv )- pst - n . sg - refl ten[ nom ] dollar( m )- gen . pl
‘Petro has ten dollars left.’

62. answer vidpovity

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o vidpovi-v uchytel-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] teacher( m )- dat . sg
‘Petro answered the teacher.’

63. open vidkryty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vidkry-v bank-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg open( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] can( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro opened a can.’

64. be different vidriznyatysya

Valency pattern: NOM_vidGEN
X: NOM
Y: vidGEN
Locus: Y
moya sorochk-a vidriznyayet’-sya vid tvoyeyi
my. f . nom . sg shirt( f )- nom . sg differentiate( ipfv ). prs .3 sg - refl from your. f . gen . sg
‘My shirt is different from yours.’

65. fall behind vidstaty

Valency pattern: NOM_vidGEN
X: NOM
Y: vidGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o vidsta-v vid Mari-yi
pn ( m )- nom . sg fall_behind( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] from pn ( f )- gen . sg
‘Petro fell behind Mariya.’

66. plough oraty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o ore pol-e
pn ( m )- nom . sg plough( ipfv ). prs .3 sg field( n )- acc . sg
‘Petro is ploughing the field.’

67. smell pakhnuty

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
moyi ruk-y pakhnut’ benzyn-om
my. nom . pl hand( f )- nom . pl smell( pfv ). prs .3 pl gasoline( m )- ins . sg
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’

68. cross peretnuty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o peresik doroh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg cross( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] road( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro crossed the road.’

69. sing zaspiivaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zaspiva-v harn-u pisn-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg sing( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] beautiful- f . acc . sg song( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro sang a beautiful song.’

70. write napysaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o napysa-v knyh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg write( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] book( n )- acc . sg
‘Petro wrote a book.’

71. drink vypyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vypy-v tsey stakan molok-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg drink( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] this. m . acc . sg glass( m )[ acc . sg ] milk( n )- gen . sg
‘Petro drank this glass of milk.’

72. melt rozpavlyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o rozpaly-v shmatok svynts-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg melt( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] piece( m )[ acc . sg ] lead( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro melted a piece of lead.’

73. match pidhodyty

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
tsey poyas pidhodyt’ do moho platt-ya
this. m . nom . sg belt( m )[ nom . sg ] match( ipfv ). prs .3 sg to my. n . gen . sg dress( n )- gen . sg
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave pokynuty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o pokynu-v ridn-e mist-o
pn ( m )- nom . sg leave( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] native- n . acc . sg city( n )- acc . sg
‘Petro left his native city.’

75. cover pokryvaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
kylym pokryvaye vsyu pidloh-u
carpet( m )[ nom . sg ] cover( ipfv ). prs .3 sg all. f . acc . sg floor( f )- acc . sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember pam’yataty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o harnо pam’yataye dim
pn ( m )- nom . sg well remember( ipfv ). prs .3 sg house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro remembers the house well.’

77. help dopomohte

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o dopomih Mari-yi
pn ( m )- nom . sg help( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro helped Mariya.’

78. understand (language) rozumity

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o rozumiye frantsuz’k-u mov-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg understand( ipfv ). prs .3 sg f rench- f . acc . sg language( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro understands French.’

79. hit (target) potrapyty

Valency pattern: NOM_vACC
X: NOM
Y: vACC
Locus: Y
blyskavk-a potrapy-l-a u dim
lightning( f )- nom . sg hit( pfv )- pst - f . sg in house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself porizaty

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o poriza-v-sya brytv-oyu
pn ( m )- nom . sg cut( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl razor( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck prylepnuty

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
stakan prylip do stol-u
glass( m )[ nom . sg ] stick( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] to table( m )- gen . sg
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) prohraty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o prohra-v Mari-yi
pn ( m )- nom . sg lose( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro lost to Mariya.’

83. be glad zradity

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o zradi-v lyst-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg gladden( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] letter( m )- dat . sg
‘Petro was glad about the letter.’

84. speak rozmovlyaty

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o rozmovlyaye z Mari-yeyu
pn ( m )- nom . sg speak( ipfv ). prs .3 sg with pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro is speaking with Mariya.’

85. give birth naroditi

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Mari-ya narody-l-a syn-a
pn ( f )- nom . sg give_birth( pfv )- pst - f . sg son( m )- acc . sg
‘Mariya gave birth to a son.’

86. drop vpustyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vpusty-v sklyank-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg drop( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] glass( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro dropped the glass.’

87. govern keruvaty

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o keruye nash-ym selishch-em
pn ( m )- nom . sg govern( ipfv ). prs .3 sg our- n . ins . sg village( n )- ins . sg
‘Petro runs our village.’

88. miss sumuvaty

Valency pattern: NOM_zaINS
X: NOM
Y: zaINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o sumuye za Mari-yeyu
pn ( m )- nom . sg miss( ipfv ). prs .3 sg after pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro misses Mariya.’

89. follow yty

Valency pattern: NOM_zaINS
X: NOM
Y: zaINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o yde za Mari-yeyu
pn ( m )- nom . sg go( ipfv ). prs .3 sg after pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro follows Mariya.’

90. dismount zlizty

Valency pattern: NOM_zGEN
X: NOM
Y: zGEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o zliz iz kon-ya
pn ( m )- nom . sg dismount( pfv ). pst [ m . sg ] from2 horse( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro got down from the horse.’

91. listen slukhati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o slukhaye radio
pn ( m )- nom . sg listen( ipfv ). prs .3 sg radio( n )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro is listening to radio.’

92. obey slukhati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o slukhaye mam-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg listen( ipfv ). prs .3 sg mum( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro listens to his mother.’

93. hear chutty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o chuye muzyk-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg hear( ipfv ). prs .3 sg music( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro hears the music.’

94. mix zmyshaty

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
med zmysha-v-sya z molok-om
honey( m )[ nom . sg ] mix( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with milk( n )- ins . sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look dyvyt’sya

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o dyvyt’-sya na khmar-y
pn ( m )- nom . sg look( ipfv )- prs .3 sg on cloud( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off znyaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o znya-v sorochk-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg put_off( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] shirt( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) snytsya

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM
X: DAT
Y: NOM
Locus: X
Mari-yi snyt’-sya Petr-o
pn ( f )- dat . sg see_in_a_dream( ipfv ). prs .3 sg - refl pn ( m )- nom . sg
‘Mariya dreams about Petro.’

98. agree zhodytysya

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o zhodi-v-sya z Mari-yeyu
pn ( m )- nom . sg agree( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro agreed with Mariya.’

99. have a quarrel posvarytysya

Valency pattern: NOM_zINS
X: NOM
Y: zINS
Locus: Y
Petr-o posvary-v-sya z Mari-yeyu
pn ( m )- nom . sg cause_to_quarrel( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl with pn ( f )- ins . sg
‘Petro had a quarrel with Mariya.’

100. cost koshtuvaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
tsya chashk-a koshtuye odyn dolar
this. f . nom . sg cup( f )- nom . sg cost( ipfv ). prs .3 sg one[ m . acc . sg ] dollar( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’

101. shoot at vystrelity

Valency pattern: NOM_vACC
X: NOM
Y: vACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o vystryly-v u ptakh-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg shoot( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] in bird( m )- acc . sg
‘Petro shot at the bird.’

102. pour nasypaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o nasypa-v tsukor u chashk-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg pour( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] sugar( m )[ acc . sg ] in cup( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro poured the sugar into the cup.’

103. lose zahubity

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zahuby-v klyuch-i
pn ( m )- nom . sg lose( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] key( m )- acc . pl
‘Petro lost his keys.’

104. sink potonuty

Valency pattern: NOM_vLOC
X: NOM
Y: vLOC
Locus: Y
Polino potonu-l-o u vod-i
log( n )- nom . sg drown( pfv )- pst - n . sg in water( f )- loc . sg
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill vbyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vby-v Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg kill( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro killed Mariya.’

106. hit vdaraty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o vdari-v Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg hit( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro hit Mariya.’

107. kiss potsiluvaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o potsiluva-v Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg kiss( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro kissed Mariya.’

108. read prochytaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o prochyta-v tsikav-u knyh-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg read( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] interesting- f . acc . sg book( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) povorushyty

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o povorushy-v pal’ts-em
pn ( m )- nom . sg stir( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] finger( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro moved his finger.’

110. respect povazhati

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o povazhaye Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg respect( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro respects Mariya.’

111. be squeamish hyduvaty

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o hyduye brudn-ym posud-om
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_squeamish( ipfv ). prs .3 sg dirty- m . ins . sg dishes( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content zadovolenyy + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o zadovolen-yy syn-om
pn ( m )- nom . sg content- nom . m . sg son( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro is satisfied with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive participle).

113. fall in love zakokhatysya

Valency pattern: NOM_vACC
X: NOM
Y: vACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o zakokha-v-sya v Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg fall_in_love( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl in pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro fell in love with Mariya.’

114. trust doviryaty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o doviryaye Mari-yi
pn ( m )- nom . sg trust( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro trusts Mariya.’

115. sympathise zhality

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o zhaliye svoyu matir
pn ( m )- nom . sg sympathise( ipfv ). prs .3 sg one’s. f . acc . sg mother( f )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro sympathises with his mother.’

116. envy zazdryty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o zazdryt’ Mari-yi
pn ( m )- nom . sg envy( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro envies Mariya.’

117. be angry zlyty

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o zlyt’-sya na Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg make_angry( ipfv ). prs .3 sg - refl on pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is angry with Mariya.’

118. be surprised zdyvovanyy + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o zdyvovan-yy tsym podarunkom
pn ( m )- nom . sg surprise( pfv ). ptcp . pst . pass - m . nom . sg this. m . ins . sg gift( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro was surprised at this gift.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive participle).

119. love (tea) lyubyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o lyubyt’ chay
pn ( m )- nom . sg love( ipfv ). prs .3 sg tea( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro loves tea.’

120. enjoy nasolodzhuytysya

Valency pattern: NOM_INS
X: NOM
Y: INS
Locus: Y
Petr-o nasolodzhuyet’-sya haryach-ym chay-em
pn ( m )- nom . sg enjoy( ipfv ). prs .3 sg - refl hot- m . ins . sg tea( m )- ins . sg
‘Petro enjoys hot tea.’

121. want khotity

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o khoche nov-yy mobil’nyy
pn ( m )- nom . sg want( ipfv ). prs .3 sg new- m . acc . sg cellphone( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petro wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge serdytysya

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o serdyt’-sya na Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg vex( ipfv ). prs .3 sg - refl on pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro holds a grudge against Mariya.’

123. take offence obrazytysya

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o obrazy-v-sya na Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg offend( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl on pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro took offence at Mariya.’

124. upset zasmutyty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o duzhe zasmuty-v Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg very upset( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro greatly upset Mariya.’

125. marvel vrazity

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Petr-a vrazy-l-o tse misto
pn ( m )- acc . sg amaze( pfv )- pst - n . sg this. n . nom . sg city( n ). nom . sg
‘This town impressed Petro.’
Note: Not included in the database because the translation deviates too far from the stimulus sentence.

126. despise znehvatsyaty

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Petr-o znevazhaye Mari-yu
pn ( m )- nom . sg despise( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro despises Mariya.’

127. get upset zasmutytysya

Valency pattern: NOM_cerezACC
X: NOM
Y: cerezACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o zasmuty-v-sya cherez syn-a
pn ( m )- nom . sg upset( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]- refl through son( m )- acc . sg
‘Petro got upset with his son.’

128. get irritated rozdratovanyy + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o rozdratovan-yy na svoyu don’k-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg irritate( pfv ) ptcp . pst . pass - m . nom . sg on one’s. f . acc . sg daughter( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro is getting irritated with his daughter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (passive participle).

129. be fond sympatyzyvaty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o sympatyzuye Mari-yi
pn ( m )- nom . sg be_fond( ipfv ). prs .3 sg pn ( f )- dat . sg
‘Petro is fond of Mariya.’

130. be shy soromytysya

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Petr-o soromit’-sya svoho rost-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg shame( ipfv ). prs .3 sg - refl one’s. m . gen . sg height( m )- gen . sg
‘Petro is embarrased about his height.’