BivalTyp

Show Russian meta:

‘answer’

Argument frame:

X (answer) Y

Stimulus sentence:

(The teacher asked P. what his parents’ names are.) P. answered the teacher .

Predicate label Ru:

отвечать

Argument frame Ru:

X (отвечать) Y -у

Stimulus sentence Ru:

(Учитель спросил у П., как зовут его родителей). П. ответил учителю .

Abaza ǯawap tə

Valency pattern: ERG_IO

X: ERG

Y: IO

Locus: Y

murád	arə́pχ’aʕʷ	ǯawap	lə-j-t-ṭ
pn	def +teacher	answer	3 sg . f . io -3 sg . m . erg -give( aor )- dcl
‘Murad answered the teacher.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) ǯʼewap je-tə

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

č̣ʼale-m	jə-č̣ʼelejeʁaǯʼe	ǯʼewap	r-jə-tə-žʼə-ʁ.
guy- obl	poss -teacher	answer( abs )	3 sg . io + dat -3 sg . erg -give- re - pst
‘The guy answered the teacher.’

Aghul ǯuwab i-

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

aslan.a	müʡelim.di-s	ǯuwab	i-ne
pn ( erg )	teacher- dat	answer	give: pf - aor
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Alik Kryz cuğab vuyic

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

terlan-ir	meʕlim-ciz	cuğab	vu-du
pn - erg	teacher- obl . dat	answer( f )	give. pfv - aor . f
‘Terlan answered the teacher.’

Archi žawab ʟos

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

paša-mu	učitel-li-s	žawab	ʟo
pn - obl . m ( erg )	teacher- obl - dat	answer	4.give. pfv
‘Pasha answered the teacher.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic yavvəl +ǧuvvab

Valency pattern: SBJ_ka

X: SBJ

Y: ka

Locus: Y

yala	yuvvəl-lə	+ǧuvvab	ka	+rabi
boy( m )	give. pst - ls .3 m	answer( m )	to	teacher( m )
‘The boy answered the teacher.’

Avar žawab ƛ’eze

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

ʕali-ca	muʕalim-as-e	žawab	ƛ’-una
pn - erg	teacher- m . obl - dat	answer	give- aor
‘Ali answered the teacher.’

Azerbaijani cavab vermək

Valency pattern: NOM_DATLAT

X: NOM

Y: DATLAT

Locus: Y

Aslan	müǝllim-ǝ	cavab	ver-di
pn	teacher- dat / lat	answer	give- pst (3)
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Bafut kwíʔî

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

àmbɛ́	à	kᵼ̀	kwíʔî	díʔì-ŋwàʔànɨ̀	wá
pn	sm	p 2	answer	teach-book	def
‘Ambe answered the teacher.’

Bambara jáabi

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Sékù	ye	kàramɔgɔ`	jáabi
pn	pfv . tr	teacher\ art	answer
‘Seku answered the teacher.’

Brazilian Portuguese responder

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ

X: SBJ

Y: NDIR.OBJ

Locus: Y

Pedro	respond-eu	ao	professor
pn ( m )	answer-3 sg . pst	to+ def . m	professor( m )
‘Pedro answered the teacher.’

Budugh cuğab yuts’u

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

aslan-ır	meʕlim-ciz	cuğab	yıva-ci
pn - erg	teacher- dat	answer	give. pf - aor
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Catalan contestar

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ

X: SBJ

Y: NDIR.OBJ

Locus: Y

en	Pere	va	contest-ar	al	professor
def . sg . m	pn ( m )	go.3 sg . prs . ind	answer- inf	to. def . sg . m	teacher( m )
‘Pere answered the teacher.’
Note: Cf. "en Pere li va contestar"

Chechen zhop AGR-ella

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Islam-as	hwiexarxochun-na	zhop	d-ella
pn - erg	teacher. obl - dat	answer. abs	d -give. prf
‘Islam answered the teacher.’

Chirag žuwab b-ičːi

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER

X: ERG

Y: SUPER

Locus: Y

ʡa̰li-le	učit’il-l-i	žuwab	b-ičː-ib
pn - erg	teacher- obl - super	answer( abs )	n . sg -give: pf - aor .3
‘Ali answered the teacher.’

Czech odpovědět

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petr	učitel-i	odpovědě-l
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	teacher( m )- dat . sg	answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]
‘Petr answered the teacher.’

Danish svare

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	svare-de	lærer-en
pn	answer- pst	teacher(С)- def . sg
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Dutch antwoorden

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Piet	heeft	de	leraar	ge-antwoor-d
pn ( c )	have.3 sg	art . def . c	teacher( c )	ptcp -answer- ptcp
‘Piet answered the teacher.’

Eastern Maninka jèbi

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Sékù	kà	kàramɔɔ`	jèbi.
pn	prf	teacher\ art	answer
‘Seku answered the teacher.’

English answer

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	answered	the	teacher.

Estonian vastama

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL

X: NOM

Y: ALL

Locus: Y

Peeter	vasta-s	õpetaja-le
pn . sg . nom	answer- pst .3 sg	teacher- all
‘Peeter answered the teacher.’

Finnish vastata

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL

X: NOM

Y: ALL

Locus: Y

Pekka	vasta-si	opettaja-lle
pn . nom	answer- pst .3 sg	teacher- all
‘Pekka answered the teacher.’

Forest Enets *

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

French répondre

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ

X: SBJ

Y: NDIR.OBJ

Locus: Y

Paul	a	répondu	au	professeur
pn ( m )	have. prs .3 sg	answer. pst . ptcp . m	to. def . sg . m	teacher( m )
‘Paul answered the teacher.’

Georgian Ø-u-p'asux-eb-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

p'et're-m	masc'avlebel-s	Ø-u-p'asux-a
pn - erg	teacher- dat	io 3- ver : o -answer- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre answered the teacher.’

German antworten

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Karl	antworte-te	dem	Lehrer
pn [ nom . sg ]	answer- pst .3 sg	def . m . dat . sg	teacher[ dat . sg ]
‘Karl answered the teacher.’

Guinean Kpelle wóo púlû pěne

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pépèe	àá	nàkwɛ́li	kàlamɔɔ	wóo	púlu	pěne
pn	3 sg . prf	def \school	teacher\ l	speech	back	return
‘Pepee answered to the teacher.’

Hindi javāb denā

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Pratīk	ne	šikṣak	ko	javāb	diy-ā.
pn ( m ). sg . obl	erg	teacher( m ). sg . obl	acc / dat	answer( m ). sg . dir	give. pfv - m . sg
‘Prateek answered the teacher.’

Icari Dargwa žawab b=iːkː-uj

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPLAT

X: ERG

Y: SUPLAT

Locus: Y

Islam-il	učitil-lij	žawab	b=iːčː-ib
pn - erg	teacher- suplat	answer. abs	n =give: pf - aor
‘Islam answered the teacher.’

Irish freagair

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

D’=fhreagair	Pól	an	múinteoir.
pst =answer	pn	def	teacher
‘Pól answered the teacher.’

Ismayilli Kryz

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

aslan-ir	maʕallim-ciz	cavab	vuy-du
pn - erg	teacher- obl . dat	answer( f )	give. pf - aor . f
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Italian rispondere

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ

X: SBJ

Y: NDIR.OBJ

Locus: Y

Leo	ha	risposto	all’	insegnant-e
pn ( m )	aux .3 sg . prs	answer. pst . ptcp	to. def . sg . m	teacher- sg . m
‘Leo answered the teacher.’

Kadar Dargwa CL-ur-es / CL-ur-es

Valency pattern: ERG_IN

X: ERG

Y: IN

Locus: Y

meħamad-li	b-ur-ib	učiti-j-ze
pn - erg	n -tell. pfv - pret	teacher( rus )- obl - in
‘Muhammad answered the teacher.’

Kalderash Romani *

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

o	Murš-a	phen-ď-a	la	ućiteľnic-akə
art . m . dir . sg	pn - nom . sg	say- pst -3 sg	art . f . obl . sg	teacher(female)- dat . sg
‘Murša told the (female) teacher.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Kandyk Tabasaran

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

maˁhaˁmad-ǯi	učl.i-z	düzi	zavab	tuv-nu
pn - erg	teacher- dat	right	answer	give- pst
‘Mahamad gave the teacher the right answer.’

Karata džwab bekkaɬa

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

ʕali-l	ušter-š:w-a	džwab	b-ekk-e
pn - erg	teacher- obl . m - dat	answer	n -give- pf
‘Ali answered the teacher.’

Kaytag Dargwa žabav bek:ara

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER

X: ERG

Y: SUPER

Locus: Y

petja-l	uč:itelь-ži	žabav	b-eč:-iv
pn - erg	teacher- super	answer	n -give. pf - aor
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Kazakh žawap ber

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	muwɣalіm-ge	žawap	ber-dі
pn	teacher- dat	answer	give- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya answered the teacher.’

Kazym Khanty jǒχi lǒpti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

pet’a-j-en	uśit’el’-a	jǒχi	lǒp-ǝs
pn - ep - poss .2 sg	teacher- dat	home	say- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Khoekhoe ǃeream

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petru-b	ge	ǁgauǃnâao-s-a	go	ǃeream
pn -3 m . sg	decl	teacher-3 f . sg - obl	rpst	answer
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Khwarshi žawab tiƛa

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

di-lo	uža	učitele-l	žawab	tiƛ-na
1 sg . o - gen 2	son\ erg	teacher- dat	answer( iii )	give- pst . u
‘My son answered the teacher.’

Kina Rutul ǯiwab hɨwɨr

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

rasul-a	ǯiwab	hɨ<w>ɨ-r	maʔalim-a-s
pn - erg	answer( nom )	<3>give. pfv - cvb	teacher- obl - dat
‘Rasul answered the teacher.’

Kryz Proper

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

aslan-ir	maʕlim-cis	cavab	vu-du
pn - erg	teacher- obl . dat	answer( f )	give. pf - aor . f
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Kumyk žawap bermek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

patimat	mualim-ge	žawap	ber-d-i
pn	teacher- dat	answer	give- pst -3 sg
‘Patimat answered the teacher.’

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) bersiv dan (tr)

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

lawik	bersiv-a	mamoste-yê	da
boy	answer- ez . f	teacher- obl . f	give. pfv . sg
‘The boy answered the teacher (F).’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Latin respondeo

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

his	Caesar	ita	respond-it
this. dat . pl	pn ( m ) nom . sg	so	reply[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘To these Caesar replied the following’
Note: (Caes. Gall. I, 14, 1)

Laz ǯumap-iš me-č-am-u

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Käzim-i-k	muelːim-i-s	ǯumap-i	me-Ø-č-u
pn - b - erg	teacher- b - dat	answer- nom	prv - io 3-give- s 3 sg . pst
‘Käzim answered the teacher.’

Mandarin Chinese huídá

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Zhāngsān	huídá	le	lǎoshī-de	wèntí
pn	answer	pfv	teacher- de	question
‘Zhangsan answered the teacher′s question. ’
Note: Classified as TR because using a simple noun "lǎoshī" as the DO is also acceptable.

Mano wè là nìà

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

āà	ŋ̄	wè	là	nìà
3 sg . prf	1 sg	speech	surface	turn
‘S/he has responded to me.’
Note: The Mano sentence contains a complex predicate, which includes a nominal and a verbal part (see Grammar notes above).

Mehweb žawab ges

Valency pattern: ERG_CONT.LAT

X: ERG

Y: CONT.LAT

Locus: Y

Islam-ini	učitij-ze	žawab	g-ib
pn - erg	teacher. obl - cont ( lat )	answer	give: pfv - pst
‘Islam answered the teacher.’

Mingrelian Ø-u-gam-en-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

čelo-k	magurale-s	Ø-u-gam-(u)
pn - erg	teacher- dat	io 3- ver : o -answer-( s 3 sg . pst )
‘Chelo answered the teacher.’

Modern Hebrew ana

Valency pattern: SBJ_le

X: SBJ

Y: le

Locus: Y

Pinχas	ana	le	more
pn	respond[ pst .3 sg . m ]	to	teacher
‘Pinchas answered the teacher.’

Mukhad Rutul džıvab vın

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

murad-a	maʔˤlim-e-s	džıvab	vı-ri
pn - erg	teacher- obl - dat	answer( a )	give. pf - aor
‘Murad answered the teacher.’

Nanai taodago-

Valency pattern: NOM_DIR

X: NOM

Y: DIR

Locus: Y

Pətjə	alo-si-mǯi-či	taoda-go-xa-ni
pn	teach- ipfv - ag - dir	answer- rep - pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia answered the teacher.’

Nivkh itt

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT/ADD

X: SBJ

Y: DAT/ADD

Locus: Y

Kaskazik	raw-r̥aŋɢ-rоχ	it-t
pn	teach-woman- dat / add	tell- ind
‘Kaskazik answered the teacher.’

Northern Akhvakh džawa oxuruƛa

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

pataħi-de	učiƛƛli-sswa	džawa	ox-ari
pn - erg	teacher. obl - m . dat	answer	give- aor
‘Patahi answered the teacher.’

Northern Mansi akwjuwl’e lawǝs

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT

X: NOM

Y: LAT

Locus: Y

n’āwram	ēkwa-n	akwjuwl’e	law-ǝs
child	woman- lat	back	say- pst [3 sg ]
‘The child answered the woman’

Northern Yukaghir īmǝrǝj=

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Sǝmiǝn	urа-ri-dˈа̄-jǝ-ŋinˈ	mǝr	īmǝrǝ-j-lˈǝl-u-m
pn	study- caus - mult - nlzr - dat	aff	answer- pf - evid -0- tr .3 sg
‘Semien answered the teacher.’

Norwegian Bokmål å svare

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Per	svar-te	lærer-en
pn	answer- pst	teacher- def . m . sg
‘Per answered the teacher.’

Polish odpowiedzieć

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Marek	odpowiedzia-ł	nauczyciel-owi
pn [ nom . sg ]	answer: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ]	teacher- dat . sg
‘Marek answered the teacher.’

Russian otvetitʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Pet-ja	otveti-l	učitel-ju
pn ( m )- nom . sg	answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	teacher( m )- dat . sg
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Serbian odgovoriti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petar	je	odgovori-o	učitelj-u
pn . nom . sg	be. prs .3 sg	answer- part . perf . m . sg	teacher- dat . sg
‘Petar answered the teacher.’

Shinaz Rutul dživab qhɨvɨ-n

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

basir	dživab	qhɨvɨ-r	maˁlim-a-s
pn ( erg )	answer	give_back. pf - aor	teacher- obl - dat
‘Basir answered the teacher.’

Shughni ǰawob δêdow1

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT

X: NOM

Y: LAT

Locus: Y

Azim=i	molim-ard	ǰawob	δod
pn =3 sg	teacher- lat	answer	give. pst
‘Azim answered the teacher.’

Skolt Saami vaʹstteed

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL

X: NOM

Y: ILL

Locus: Y

Peâtt	vaʹstti-i	uʹčteel-a
pn . sg . nom	answer- pst .3 sg	teacher- sg . ill
‘Pete answered the teacher.’

Slovak odpovedať

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Peter	odpoveda-l	učiteľ-ovi
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	teacher( m )- dat . sg
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Slovenian odgovoriti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Peter	je	odgovori-l	učitelj-u
pn [ nom . sg ]	aux .3 sg	answer: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ]	teacher- dat . sg
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Sorani Kurdish wiɫam danewe

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Hîwa	wiɫam-î	mamosta-ke=î	da-Ø-we
pn	answer- izf	teacher- def =3 sg . pc	give. pst -3 sg - asp
‘Hiwa answered the teacher.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Southern Rutul cavab vın

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

murad-a	melime-s	cavab	vı-r
pn - erg	teacher- dat	answer	give. pf - aor
‘Murad answered the teacher.’

Spanish contestar

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ

X: SBJ

Y: NDIR.OBJ

Locus: Y

Pedro	contest-ó	a=l	profesor
pn [ sg . m ]	answer- aor .3 sg	ndir . obj = art . def . sg . m	teacher[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro answered the teacher.’

Standard Arabic Ɂaǧāba

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Badr-un	Ɂaǧāba	l-muʕallim-a
pn - nom	answer. pf .3 m	def -teacher- acc
‘Badr answered the teacher.’

Svan x-ä-t'x-e (PRS)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

maizer-d	wičit'el-s	la-x-t'ix
pn - erg	teacher- dat	prv : slightly - io 3-return
‘Maizer answered (lit. ‘returned to’) the teacher.’

Swedish att svara

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Björn	svara-de	lärare-n
pn	answer- pst	teacher- def . c . sg
‘Björn answered the teacher.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: ACT_LOC

X: ACT

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

s<in>agot	ni	Pedro	ang	guro
< pfv >answer[ lv ]	pers . gen	pn	subj	teacher
‘Pedro answered the teacher.’

Telugu javābu ivvu

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

pravīṇ	tana	gurugāri-ki	javābu	iccāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom	own	teacher. hon ( m ). sg . obl - dat	reply( n ). sg . nom	give. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen answered the teacher.’

Tsakhur džavab qheliy

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

murad-ee	maˁʔlim-ı-s	džavab	qheli
pn - erg	teacher- obl - dat	answer	re . n .give. pf
‘Murad answered the teacher.’

Tsudakhar Dargwa ʁaj ʔ-iz/ʔir=iz

Valency pattern: ERG/LOC(LAT)_INTER(LAT)

X: ERG/LOC(LAT)

Y: INTER(LAT)

Locus: Y

uršːi-le	tːutːešː-i-cːe	ʁaj	ʔ-ib
boy- erg / loc ( lat )	father- obl - inter ( lat )	word	say. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy answered his father.’

Tsugni Dargwa žabaw b-ičː-i / b-ulučː-i (to 3 pers.); žabaw čː-i / lučː-i (to 1 and 2 pers.)

Valency pattern: ERG_INTER(LAT)

X: ERG

Y: INTER(LAT)

Locus: Y

durħaˤ-li	tatːi-cːe	žabaw	b-ičː-ib
boy- erg	father- inter ( lat )	answer	n -give. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy answered his father.’

Turkish cevap vermek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Mehmet	öğretmen-e	cevap	ver-di
pn	teacher- dat	answer	give- pst
‘Mehmet answered the teacher.’

Turoyo obe funoyo

Valency pattern: SBJ_IO

X: SBJ

Y: IO

Locus: Y

Gabriyel	hu-le	funoyo	l-u	məlfon-ayḏe
pn	give. pfv - ls .3 m	answer( m )	to- art . m	teacher( m )- p .3 m
‘Gabriyel answered his teacher.’

Twi bua

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Kofi	bua-a	ᴐkyerεkyerεni	no
pn	answer- pst	teacher	def
‘Kofi answered the teacher.’

Udmurt вазьыны

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Петя	дышетӥсь-лы	ваз-из
pn . nom	teacher- dat	аnswer- pst .3 sg
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Ulcha ǯarali-

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT

X: NOM

Y: LAT

Locus: Y

əldəŋgə,	əldəŋgə,	xawli	ńī-ti	ǯaral-i	ta-m	o-či-ni
interesting	interesting	anyway	human- lat	answer- prs	do- cvb . sim . sg	become- pst -3 sg
‘Interesting, interesting, [he] even learned how to speak (lit. became the one who answers the man).’
Note: This example is taken from natural texts.

Uzbek žavob bermoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	o’qituvči-ga	žavob	ber-di
pn	teacher- dat	answer	give- pst .3 sg
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

West Central Oromo deebii kenna

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

obsaa-n	bar-siis-ittʃaa-f	deebii	kenn-e
pn - nom	learn- caus - def - dat	answer. abs	give-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa answered the teacher.’

Wolof tontu

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: OBJ

Locus: TR

bu	ma	jot-ee	sa	bataaxal	dinaa	la	tontu
if	s i :1 sg	receive- cpl	poss :2 sg	letter( b )	fut .s i :1 sg	o i :2 sg	answer
‘If I receive your letter, I’ll answer you.’

Yargun Lezgian djavab gun

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Sahib-a	maʕlim-di-z	djavab	ga-na
pn - erg	teacher- obl - dat	answer	give. pfv - aor
‎‎‎‘Sahib answered the teacher.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

oxɨr-i	d͡ʒɛwab-e	mamostaj-i	da
pn - m . obl	answer- ez . m	teacher- m . obl	give. pst
‘Oxir answered the teacher.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Zilo Andi dʒawab itʃː.i

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT

X: ERG

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

ali-di	utʃitelʃːu-j	dʒawab	itʃː.i
pn - erg	teacher. obl - dat	answer[ inan 1][ nom ]	give. pst ( aor )
‘Ali answered the teacher.’