BivalTyp

‘answer’

Argument frame: X (answer) Y
Stimulus sentence: (The teacher asked P. what his parents’ names are.) P. answered the teacher .
Predicate label Ru: отвечать
Argument frame Ru: X (отвечать) Y -у
Stimulus sentence Ru: (Учитель спросил у П., как зовут его родителей). П. ответил учителю .

Abaza ǯawap tə

Valency pattern: ERG_IO
X: ERG
Y: IO
Locus: Y
murád arə́pχ’aʕʷ ǯawap lə-j-t-ṭ
pn def +teacher answer 3 sg . f . io -3 sg . m . erg -give( aor )- dcl
‘Murad answered the teacher.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) ǯʼewap je-tə

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
č̣ʼale-m jə-č̣ʼelejeʁaǯʼe ǯʼewap r-jə-tə-žʼə-ʁ.
guy- obl poss -teacher answer( abs ) 3 sg . io + dat -3 sg . erg -give- re - pst
‘The guy answered the teacher.’

Aghul ǯuwab i-

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
aslan.a müʡelim.di-s ǯuwab i-ne
pn ( erg ) teacher- dat answer give: pf - aor
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Akhvakh (Northern) džawa oxuruƛa

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pataħi-de učiƛƛli-sswa džawa ox-ari
pn - erg teacher. obl - m . dat answer give- aor
‘Patahi answered the teacher.’

Albanian përgjigjem

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pjetr-i i-u përgjigj mësues-it
pn - nom . m . sg . def pro . dat .3 sg - refl answer. aor .3 sg teacher- dat . m . sg . def
‘Pjeter answered the teacher.’

Andi (Zilo) dʒawab itʃː.i

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ali-di utʃitelʃːu-j dʒawab itʃː.i
pn - erg teacher. obl - dat answer[ inan 1][ nom ] give. pst ( aor )
‘Ali answered the teacher.’

Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi) ǧwb

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Abrahām ǧūwab-u l-ǝl-ᵊmˁallǝm
pn answer. pfv .3 ms - o .3 ms to- art -teacher
‘Abraham answered the teacher.’

Arabic (Northern Syrian) ǧāwəb

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Aḥmad yəǧāwəb əl-Ɂəstāḏ
pn answer. ipfv .3 m def -teacher
‘Ahmad answers the teacher.’

Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth) ǧ.w.b

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Shadi ǧāwab il-mʿallem
pn answer. pst .3 m . sg def -teacher. m
‘Shadi answered the teacher.’

Arabic (standard) Ɂaǧāba

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Badr-un Ɂaǧāba l-muʕallim-a
pn - nom answer. pf .3 m def -teacher- acc
‘Badr answered the teacher.’

Archi žawab ʟos

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
paša-mu učitel-li-s žawab ʟo
pn - obl . m ( erg ) teacher- obl - dat answer 4.give. pfv
‘Pasha answered the teacher.’

Armenian (Eastern) patasxanel

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petros-ə patasxanec’ usuc’č’i-n
pn [ nom ]- def answer: aor :3 sg teacher: dat - def
‘Petros answered the teacher.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic yavvəl +ǧuvvab

Valency pattern: SBJ_ka
X: SBJ
Y: ka
Locus: Y
yala yuvvəl-lə +ǧuvvab ka +rabi
boy( m ) give. pst - ls .3 m answer( m ) to teacher( m )
‘The boy answered the teacher.’

Avar žawab ƛ’eze

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ʕali-ca muʕalim-as-e žawab ƛ’-una
pn - erg teacher- m . obl - dat answer give- aor
‘Ali answered the teacher.’

Azerbaijani cavab vermək

Valency pattern: NOM_DATLAT
X: NOM
Y: DATLAT
Locus: Y
Aslan müǝllim-ǝ cavab ver-di
pn teacher- dat / lat answer give- pst (3)
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Bafut kwíʔî

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
àmbɛ́ à kᵼ̀ kwíʔî díʔì-ŋwàʔànɨ̀ wá
pn sm p 2 answer teach-book def
‘Ambe answered the teacher.’

Bambara jáabi

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù ye kàramɔgɔ` jáabi
pn pfv . tr teacher\ art answer
‘Seku answered the teacher.’

Bartangi ǰawob δêdow

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Ahmed moalim=ri ǰawob δo-d
pn teacher= dat answer give- pst
‘Ahmed answered the teacher.’

Basque erantzun

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Kepa-k erantzu-n egi-n d-i-o irakasle-a-ri
pn - erg отвечать-[ pfv ] делать- pfv abs 3 prs - erg / abs / dat [ abs . sg ]- dat 3 sg [ erg 3 sg ] учитель- sg - dat
‘Кепа ответил учителю’.

Belarusian adkazać

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Alieś adkaza-ŭ nastaŭnik-u
pn [ nom . sg ] answer( pfv )- pst . sg . m teacher- dat . sg
‘Ales answered the teacher.’

Beserman veranə̑

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Petʼa vera-z də̑šet-iś-lə̑
pn . nom say- pst .3 sg teach- ptcp . act - dat
‘Petja told the teacher...’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Budugh cuğab yuts’u

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
aslan-ır meʕlim-ciz cuğab yıva-ci
pn - erg teacher- obl . dat answer give. pfv - prf
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Bulgarian otgovorya

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)
X: SBJ
Y: DAT(na)
Locus: Y
Petăr otgovori na uchitel-ya
pn answer( pfv ). aor .3 sg on teacher- def . short . m . sg
‘Petar answered the teacher.’

Catalan contestar

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
en Pere va contest-ar al professor
def . sg . m pn ( m ) go.3 sg . prs . ind answer- inf to. def . sg . m teacher( m )
‘Pere answered the teacher.’
Note: Cf. "en Pere li va contestar"

Chechen zhop AGR-ala

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Islam-as hwiexarxochun-na zhop d-ella
pn - erg teacher. obl - dat answer. abs d -give. prf
‘Islam answered the teacher.’

Chinese (Mandarin) huídá

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Zhāngsān huídá le lǎoshī-de wèntí
pn answer pfv teacher- de question
‘Zhangsan answered the teacher′s question. ’
Note: Classified as TR because using a simple noun "lǎoshī" as the DO is also acceptable.

Chirag žuwab b-ičːi

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER
X: ERG
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
ʡa̰li-le učit’il-l-i žuwab b-ičː-ib
pn - erg teacher- obl - super answer( abs ) n . sg -give: pf - aor .3
‘Ali answered the teacher.’

Croatian odgovoriti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o je odgovori-o učitelj-u
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg answer( pfv )- part . perf . m . sg teacher- dat . sg
‘Pero answered the teacher.’

Czech odpovědět

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr učitel-i odpovědě-l
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] teacher( m )- dat . sg answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]
‘Petr answered the teacher.’

Dan (Eastern) dhɛ̄ɛ̋kpɔ́ yɔ̏ɔ bhɔ̄

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
yà bhān dhɛ̄ɛ̋kpɔ́ yɔ̏ɔ-dhȕn bhɔ̄
3 sg . prf 1 sg . poss question answer- pl appear
‘He has answered my questions.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Danish svare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter svare-de lærer-en
pn answer- pst teacher(С)- def . sg
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Dargwa (Itsari) žawab B-iːkː-uj

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER.LAT
X: ERG
Y: SUPER.LAT
Locus: Y
Islam-il učitil-li-j žawab b-iːčː-ib
pn - erg teacher- obl - super ( lat ) answer( abs ) n -give. pfv - aor
‘Islam answered the teacher.’

Dargwa (Kadar) CL-ur-es / CL-ur-es

Valency pattern: ERG_IN
X: ERG
Y: IN
Locus: Y
meħamad-li b-ur-ib učiti-j-ze
pn - erg n -tell. pfv - pret teacher( rus )- obl - in
‘Muhammad answered the teacher.’

Dargwa (Kaytag) žabav bek:ara

Valency pattern: ERG_SUPER
X: ERG
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
Petja-l uč:itelь-ži žabav b-eč:-iv
pn - erg teacher- super answer n -give. pf - aor (3)
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Dargwa (Kubachi)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
gal-di-l atːa-j žuwab b-aq'-aj
boy- obl - erg father- dat answer n -do. pfv -3. aor . tr
‘The boy answered his father.’

Dargwa (Tsudakhar) ʁaj ʔ-iz/ʔir=iz

Valency pattern: ERG/LOC(LAT)_INTER(LAT)
X: ERG/LOC(LAT)
Y: INTER(LAT)
Locus: Y
uršːi-le tːutːešː-i-cːe ʁaj ʔ-ib
boy- erg / loc ( lat ) father- obl - inter ( lat ) word say. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy answered his father.’

Dargwa (Tsugni) žabaw b-ičː-i / b-ulučː-i (to 3 pers.); žabaw čː-i / lučː-i (to 1 and 2 pers.)

Valency pattern: ERG_INTER(LAT)
X: ERG
Y: INTER(LAT)
Locus: Y
durħaˤ-li tatːi-cːe žabaw b-ičː-ib
boy- erg father- inter ( lat ) answer n -give. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy answered his father.’

Dutch antwoorden

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Piet heeft de leraar ge-antwoor-d
pn ( c ) have.3 sg art . def . c teacher( c ) ptcp -answer- ptcp
‘Piet answered the teacher.’

Enets (Forest) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
*
*
*
Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained.

English answer

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter answered the teacher.

Estonian vastama

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL
X: NOM
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
Peeter vasta-s õpetaja-le
pn . sg . nom answer- pst .3 sg teacher- all
‘Peeter answered the teacher.’

Finnish vastata

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL
X: NOM
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
Pekka vasta-si opettaja-lle
pn . nom answer- pst .3 sg teacher- all
‘Pekka answered the teacher.’

French répondre

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
Paul a répondu au professeur
pn ( m ) have. prs .3 sg answer. pst . ptcp . m to. def . sg . m teacher( m )
‘Paul answered the teacher.’

Gascon responut

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
Pau a responut au professor
pn have. prs .3 sg answer. pst . ptcp to. def . sg . m teacher
‘Pau answered the teacher.’

Gban ȁ bò ȁ di̋

Valency pattern: SBJ_nen
X: SBJ
Y: nen
Locus: Y
Zá̰ y ä bò ȁ di̋ mṵ̋ nɔ̰́ nɛ̰̏
pn 3 sg \ pst s/he/it remove[ pfv . hod ] s/he/it under person that at
‘Zan answered that man.’

Georgian Ø-u-p'asux-eb-s (FUT)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
p'et're-m masc'avlebel-s Ø-u-p'asux-a
pn - erg teacher- dat io 3- ver : o -answer- s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre answered the teacher.’

German antworten

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Karl antworte-te dem Lehrer
pn [ nom . sg ] answer- pst .3 sg def . m . dat . sg teacher[ dat . sg ]
‘Karl answered the teacher.’

Gigatli

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ʕali-di insudda muʕalim-ɬa žawab ič-i
pn - erg refl . n teacher- dat answer give- aor
‘Ali answered the teacher.’

Hebrew (modern) ana

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
Pinχas ana le more
pn respond[ pst .3 sg . m ] to teacher
‘Pinchas answered the teacher.’

Hindi javāb denā

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pratīk ne šikṣak ko javāb diy-ā
pn ( m ). sg . obl erg teacher( m ). sg . obl acc / dat answer( m ). sg . dir give. pfv - m . sg
‘Prateek answered the teacher.’

Indonesian (standard) men-jawab

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Ali men-jawab guru
pn act -answer teacher
‘Ali answered the teacher.’

Irish freagair

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
D’=fhreagair Pól an múinteoir.
pst =answer pn def teacher
‘Pól answered the teacher.’

Italian rispondere

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
Leo ha risposto all’ insegnant-e
pn ( m ) aux .3 sg . prs answer. pst . ptcp to. def . sg . m teacher- sg . m
‘Leo answered the teacher.’

Japanese kotaeru

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Tarō wa sensei ni kotae-ta
pn top учитель dat отвечать- pst
‘Таро ответил учителю.’

Karata džwab bekkaɬa

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ʕali-l ušter-š:w-a džwab b-ekk-e
pn - erg teacher- obl . m - dat answer n -give- pf
‘Ali answered the teacher.’

Kazakh žawap ber

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya muwɣalіm-ge žawap ber-dі
pn teacher- dat answer give- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya answered the teacher.’

Khanty (Kazym) jǒχi lǒpti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pet’a-j-en uśit’el’-a jǒχi lǒp-ǝs
pn - ep - poss .2 sg teacher- dat home say- pst [3 sg ]
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Khinalug

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
aslan-ɨ mäʕälim-u ǯavab lä-kʼu-i=šä=mä
pn - erg teacher- dat answer trans : level -4.give. pfv - ptcp = pst = decl
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Khoekhoe ǃeream

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBL
Locus: TR
Petru-b ge ǁgauǃnâao-s-a go ǃeream
pn -3 m . sg decl teacher-3 f . sg - obl rpst answer
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Khwarshi žawab tiƛa

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
di-lo uža učitele-l žawab tiƛ-na
1 sg . o - gen 2 son\ erg teacher- dat answer( iii ) give- pst . u
‘My son answered the teacher.’

Komi-Permyak otvet'itni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a otvet'it-i-s vele̮tiś-le̮
pn answer- pret -3 teacher- dat
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Komi-Zyrian voč́aviʒ́ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a voč́aviʒ́-i-s vele̮di̮ś-li̮
pn answer- pret -3 teacher- dat
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Kpelle (Guinean) wóo púlû pěne

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Pépèe àá nàkwɛ́li kàlamɔɔ wóo púlu pěne
pn 3 sg . prf def \school teacher\ l speech back return
‘Pepee answered to the teacher.’

Kryz (Alik) cuğab vuyic

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
terlan-ir meʕlim-ciz cuğab vu-du
pn - erg teacher- obl . dat answer( f ) give. pfv - aor . f
‘Terlan answered the teacher.’

Kryz (Ismayilli) cavab vuyic

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
aslan-ir maʕallim-ciz cavab vuy-du
pn - erg teacher- obl . dat answer( f ) give. pf - aor . f
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Kryz (proper) cavab vuyic

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
aslan-ir maʕlim-ci-s cavab vu-du
pn - erg teacher- obl - dat answer( f ) give. pf - aor . f
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Kumyk žawap bermek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
patimat mualim-ge žawap ber-d-i
pn teacher- dat answer give- pst -3 sg
‘Patimat answered the teacher.’

Kurdish (Sorani) wiɫam danewe

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Hîwa wiɫam-î mamosta-ke=î da-Ø-we
pn answer- izf teacher- def =3 sg . pc give. pst -3 sg - asp
‘Hiwa answered the teacher.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) bersiv dan (tr)

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
lawik bersiv-a mamoste-yê da
boy answer- ez . f teacher- obl . f give. pfv . sg
‘The boy answered the teacher (F).’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Lak (Quba)

Valency pattern: GEN_APUDLAT
X: GEN
Y: APUDLAT
Locus: Y
Maħammad-u-l žawab d-uld-und-i muaˁlim-na-xː-un
pn - obl - gen response 4-give- aor -3 p teacher- obl - apud - lat
‘Mohammad answered the teacher.’

Latin respondeo

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
his Caesar ita respond-it
this. dat . pl pn ( m ) nom . sg so reply[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘To these Caesar replied the following’
Note: (Caes. Gall. I, 14, 1)

Laz ǯumap-iš me-č-am-u

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Käzim-i-k muelːim-i-s ǯumap-i me-Ø-č-u
pn - b - erg teacher- b - dat answer- nom prv - io 3-give- s 3 sg . pst
‘Käzim answered the teacher.’

Lezgian (Yargun) djavab gun

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Sahib-a maʕlim-di-z djavab ga-na
pn - erg teacher- obl - dat answer give. pfv - aor
‎‎‎‘Sahib answered the teacher.’

Ludic

Valency pattern: NOM_ALL
X: NOM
Y: ALL
Locus: Y
pryhač vast-uu opastaj-le
boy answer- pst teacher- all
‘The boy answered the teacher.’

Macedonian odgovori

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT(na)
X: SBJ
Y: DAT(na)
Locus: Y
Petar mu odgovori na negovi-ot učitel
pn pro .3 sg . m . dat answer( pfv ). aor .3 sg on his. m . sg - art . m . sg teacher( m ). sg
‘Petar answered his teacher.’

Maltese wieġeb

Valency pattern: SBJ_lil
X: SBJ
Y: lil
Locus: Y
Ġwanni wieġeb lill-għalliem
pn answer. pf . m .3 sg to. def -teacher
‘Ġwanni answered the teacher.’
Note: The use of the preposition “lil” for the argument like "teacher" is obligatory with this verb. Otherwise, the verb is transitive (e.g. "She answered the question", etc.).

Maninka (Eastern) jèbi

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Sékù kà kàramɔɔ` jèbi.
pn prf teacher\ art answer
‘Seku answered the teacher.’

Mano wè là nìà

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
āà ŋ̄ wè là nìà
3 sg . prf 1 sg speech surface turn
‘S/he has responded to me.’
Note: The Mano sentence contains a complex predicate, which includes a nominal and a verbal part (see Grammar notes above).

Mansi (Northern) akwjuwl’e lawǝs

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
n’āwram ēkwa-n akwjuwl’e law-ǝs
child woman- lat back say- pst [3 sg ]
‘The child answered the woman’

Mehweb žawab ges

Valency pattern: ERG_CONT.LAT
X: ERG
Y: CONT.LAT
Locus: Y
Islam-ini učitij-ze žawab g-ib
pn - erg teacher. obl - cont ( lat ) answer give: pfv - pst
‘Islam answered the teacher.’

Mingrelian Ø-u-gam-en-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
čelo-k magurale-s Ø-u-gam-(u)
pn - erg teacher- dat io 3- ver : o -answer-( s 3 sg . pst )
‘Chelo answered the teacher.’

Nanai taodago-

Valency pattern: NOM_DIR
X: NOM
Y: DIR
Locus: Y
Pətjə alo-si-mǯi-či taoda-go-xa-ni
pn teach- ipfv - ag - dir answer- rep - pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia answered the teacher.’

Nivkh itt

Valency pattern: SBJ_DAT/ADD
X: SBJ
Y: DAT/ADD
Locus: Y
Kaskazik raw-r̥aŋɢ-rоχ it-t
pn teach-woman- dat / add tell- ind
‘Kaskazik answered the teacher.’

Norwegian Bokmål å svare

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Per svar-te lærer-en
pn answer- pst teacher- def . m . sg
‘Per answered the teacher.’

Oromo (West Central) deebii kenna

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
obsaa-n bar-siis-ittʃaa-f deebii kenn-e
pn - nom learn- caus - def - dat answer. abs give-3 sg . m . pfv
‘Obsa answered the teacher.’

Persian javāb dādan

Valency pattern: SBJ_be
X: SBJ
Y: be
Locus: Y
ahmad be mo'alem javāb dād
pn to teacher answer give. pst .3 sg
‘Ahmad answered the teacher.’

Polish odpowiedzieć

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Marek odpowiedzia-ł nauczyciel-owi
pn [ nom . sg ] answer: pfv - pst [ m .3 sg ] teacher- dat . sg
‘Marek answered the teacher.’

Portuguese (Brazilian) responder

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
Pedro respond-eu ao professor
pn ( m ) answer-3 sg . pst to+ def . m professor( m )
‘Pedro answered the teacher.’

Romani (Kalderash) *

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
o Murš-a phen-ď-a la ućiteľnic-akə
art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg say- pst -3 sg art . f . obl . sg teacher(female)- dat . sg
‘Murša told the (female) teacher.’
Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate.

Romanian a răspunde

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petru a răspuns profesor-ului
pn aux .3 sg answer. pst . ptcp teacher- def . obl
‘Petru answered the teacher.’

Russian otvetitʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet-ja otveti-l učitel-ju
pn ( m )- nom . sg answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] teacher( m )- dat . sg
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Rutul (Kina) ǯiwab hɨwɨr

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
rasul-a ǯiwab hɨ<w>ɨ-r maʔalim-a-s
pn - erg answer( nom ) <3>give. pfv - cvb teacher- obl - dat
‘Rasul answered the teacher.’

Rutul (Mukhad) džıvab vın

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
murad-a maʔˤlim-e-s džıvab vı-ri
pn - erg teacher- obl - dat answer( a ) give. pf - aor
‘Murad answered the teacher.’

Rutul (Myukhrek) djevab havʔı-ri

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
duxvar-a mıʔalim-a-s djevab havʔı-ri
son. obl - erg teacher- obl - dat answer( a ) a .do. pf - aor
‘The son answered the teacher.’

Rutul (Shin-Borch) cavab vın

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
murad-a melime-s cavab vı-r
pn - erg teacher- dat answer give. pf - aor
‘Murad answered the teacher.’

Rutul (Shinaz) dživab qhɨvɨ-n

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
basir dživab qhɨvɨ-r maˁlim-a-s
pn ( erg ) answer give_back. pf - aor teacher- obl - dat
‘Basir answered the teacher.’

Saami (Skolt) vaʹstteed

Valency pattern: NOM_ILL
X: NOM
Y: ILL
Locus: Y
Peâtt vaʹstti-i uʹčteel-a
pn . sg . nom answer- pst .3 sg teacher- sg . ill
‘Pete answered the teacher.’

Sagada esa

Valency pattern: ERG_POSS
X: ERG
Y: POSS
Locus: Y
ʕale es-ii učitel-qo
pn . erg tell- pst . w teacher- poss
‘Ali replied the teacher.’

Serbian odgovoriti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petar je odgovori-o učitelj-u
pn . nom . sg be. prs .3 sg answer- part . perf . m . sg teacher- dat . sg
‘Petar answered the teacher.’

Shughni ǰawob δêdow1

Valency pattern: NOM.CL_DAT
X: NOM.CL
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Azim=i molim-ard ǰawob δod
pn =3 sg teacher- dat answer give. pst
‘Azim answered the teacher.’

Slovak odpovedať

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Peter odpoveda-l učiteľ-ovi
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] teacher( m )- dat . sg
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Slovenian odgovoriti

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Peter je odgovori-l učitelj-u
pn [ nom . sg ] aux .3 sg answer: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ] teacher- dat . sg
‘Peter answered the teacher.’

Spanish contestar

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
Pedro contest-ó a=l profesor
pn [ sg . m ] answer- aor .3 sg ndir . obj = art . def . sg . m teacher[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro answered the teacher.’

Svan x-ä-t'x-e (PRS)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
maizer-d wičit'el-s la-x-t'ix
pn - erg teacher- dat prv : slightly - io 3-return
‘Maizer answered (lit. ‘returned to’) the teacher.’

Swedish att svara

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn svara-de lärare-n
pn answer- pst teacher- def . c . sg
‘Björn answered the teacher.’

Tabasaran (Kandyk)

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
maˁhaˁmad-ǯi učl.i-z düzi zavab tuv-nu
pn - erg teacher- dat right answer give- pst
‘Mahamad gave the teacher the right answer.’

Tagalog sagutin

Valency pattern: ACT_LOC
X: ACT
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
s<in>agot ni Pedro ang guro
< pfv >answer[ lv ] pers . gen pn subj teacher
‘Pedro answered the teacher.’

Tat (Cimi)

Valency pattern: DIR_ba
X: DIR
Y: ba
Locus: Y
aslan bä mǟlim ǰavåb då
pn loc teacher answer give₂: pst :3
‘Aslan answered the teacher.’

Telugu javābu ivvu

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
pravīṇ tana gurugāri-ki javābu iccāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom own teacher. hon ( m ). sg . obl - dat reply( n ). sg . nom give. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen answered the teacher.’

Tindi žawab gweeɬja

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ʕali-ji muʕalim-ššu-ɬa žawab gow-o
pn - erg teacher- m - dat answer give- aor
‘Ali answered the teacher.’

Tsakhur džavab qheliy

Valency pattern: ERG_DAT
X: ERG
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
murad-ee maˁʔlim-ı-s džavab qheli
pn - erg teacher- obl - dat answer re . n .give. pf
‘Murad answered the teacher.’

Tswana araba

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
mo-ithuti o-arab-il-e mo-rutabana
sg -pupil(1) s i :cl1-answer- prf - fv sg -teacher(1)
‘The pupil answered the teacher.’

Turkish cevap vermek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet öğretmen-e cevap ver-di
pn teacher- dat answer give- pst
‘Mehmet answered the teacher.’

Turoyo obe funoyo

Valency pattern: SBJ_IO
X: SBJ
Y: IO
Locus: Y
Gabriyel hu-le funoyo l-u məlfon-ayḏe
pn give. pfv - ls .3 m answer( m ) to- art . m teacher( m )- p .3 m
‘Gabriyel answered his teacher.’

Twi bua

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kofi bua-a ᴐkyerεkyerεni no
pn answer- pst teacher def
‘Kofi answered the teacher.’

Udi coğaba tades

Valency pattern: ERG_GEN
X: ERG
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Ok'sana-n məəlim-i coğab-a=ne tad-i
pn - erg teacher- gen answer- dat =3 sg give- aor
‘Oksana answered the teacher.’
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent.

Udmurt vaźi̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a di̮šetiś-li̮ vaź-iz
pn . nom teacher- dat аnswer- pst .3 sg
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Ukrainian vidpovisty

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr-o vidpovi-v učytelj-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg answer( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ] teacher( m )- dat . sg
‘Petro answered the teacher.’

Ulcha ǯarali-

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
əldəŋgə, əldəŋgə, xawli ńī-ti ǯaral-i ta-m o-či-ni
interesting interesting anyway human- lat answer- prs do- cvb . sim . sg become- pst -3 sg
‘Interesting, interesting, [he] even learned how to speak (lit. became the one who answers the man).’
Note: This example is taken from natural texts.

Uzbek žavob bermoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya o’qituvči-ga žavob ber-di
pn teacher- dat answer give- pst .3 sg
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

Wolof tontu

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: OBJ
Locus: TR
bu ma jot-ee sa bataaxal dinaa la tontu
if s i :1 sg receive- cpl poss :2 sg letter( b ) fut .s i :1 sg o i :2 sg answer
‘If I receive your letter, I’ll answer you.’

Yukaghir (Northern) īmǝrǝj=

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Sǝmiǝn urа-ri-dˈа̄-jǝ-ŋinˈ mǝr īmǝrǝ-j-lˈǝl-u-m
pn study- caus - mult - nlzr - dat aff answer- pf - evid -0- tr .3 sg
‘Semien answered the teacher.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
oxɨr-i d͡ʒɛwab-e mamostaj-i da
pn - m . obl answer- ez . m teacher- m . obl give. pst
‘Oxir answered the teacher.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.