Uzbek

Contributed by Anastasia Zhuk.

A.Zh.'s photo

The data were gathered in 2022 in Borovoye, Kazakhstan. The Russian version of the questionnaire was used for elicitation.

How to cite

Zhuk, Anastasia. 2022. Bivalent patterns in Uzbek. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on April 1, 2023; last revised on July 15, 2023.) (Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info, Accessed on )

Basic info

Coordinates: 40.89, 69.21.
Genealogy (as given in WALS). Family: Altaic, genus: Turkic.
Macro-area: North and Central Asia.

Grammar notes

Basic clause structure and the transitive construction

In Uzbek, the default linear pattern is SOV. In the transitive construction, nominal subjects are used in the unmarked form and direct objects are used either in the unmarked form (1) or in the accusative case (2) depending on their animacy and referentiality (Differential Object Marking).

(1)  Petya  toš    ot-ti
     Petya  stone  throw-PST.3SSG
     ‘Petya threw a stone.’

(2)  Petya  itt-i-n           qo’rqi-yab-ti
     Petya  dog-POSS.3SG-ACC  be_afraid-PRS1-3SG
     ‘Petya is afraid of the dog.’

The predicate agrees with the subject in person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and number (singular, plural). Non-core arguments are flagged by oblique cases or by postpositions. The verbal tenses in the examples include the first present (marked with -yab), the second present (marked with -a, -y), the third present (marked with -moqda), the fourth present (marked with -ib), the past (-di) or the perfect (-gan).

Case system

The case system includes six cases for nouns, viz. the unmarked nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, and ablative, as exemplified for the noun bala ‘child’ in Table 1.

Table 1. Case paradigm

Nominative	bala	child.NOM
Genitive	bala-niŋ	child-GEN
Dative	bala-ga	child-DAT
Accusative	bala-ni	child-ACC
Locative	bala-da	child-LOC
Ablative	bala-dan	child-ABL

Glossing abbreviations

ABL — ablative; ACC — accusative; ADJ — adjectivizer; CARITIVE — ; CAUS — causative; CVB — converb; DAT — dative; FUT — future; GEN — genitive; IMP — imperative; LOC — locative; NEG — negative; PASS — passive; PL — plural; PN — person name; POSS — possessive; PRS — present; PST — past; RECP — reciprocal; SG — singular.

Data

Subset examples by valency pattern

Subset examples by locus

1. feel pain oɣrimoq

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM

X: GEN

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-niŋ	boš-i	oɣri-b	tur-ib-ti
pn - gen	head- poss .3 sg	ache- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja has a headache.’
Note: The experiencer NP has some properties of a clause-level constituent.

2. have (illness) oɣrimoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan

X: NOM

Y: bilan

Locus: Y

Petya	gripp	bilan	oɣri-b	tur-ib-ti
pn	flu	with	ache- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja has the flu.’

3. be afraid qo’rqimoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	itt-i-n	qo’rqi-yab-ti
pn	dog- poss .3 sg - acc	be_afraid- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja is afraid of the dog.’

4. throw otmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	toš	ot-ti
pn	stone	throw- pst .3 sg
‘Petja threw a stone.’

5. have enough etarli emoq

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM

X: GEN

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-niŋ	pul-i	etar-li
pn - gen	money- poss .3 sg	be_enough- adj
‘Petja has enough money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, emoq is 'to be'. The possessor NP has some properties of a clause-level constituent.

6. resemble o’xšamoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Miša-ga	o’xša-y-di
pn	pn - dat	resemble- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja resembles Miša.’

7. believe išonmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-ga	išon-a-di
pn	pn - dat	believe- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja believes Maša.’

8. take olmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	kitob-ni	ol-di
pn	book- acc	take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja took a book.’

9. see ko’rmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	uy-ni	ko’r-ib	tur-ib-ti
pn	house- acc	see- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja sees a house.’

10. influence ta’sir qilmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

odam-niŋ	yoš-i	xotira-si-ga	ta’sir	qil-a-di
man- gen	age- poss .3 sg	memory- poss .3 sg - dat	affect	do- prs 2-3 sg
‘Age influences memory.’

11. encounter ko’rib qolmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	ko’r-ib	qol-di
pn	pn - acc	see- cvb	leave- pst .3 sg
‘Petja encountered Maša.’

12. enter kirmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	uy-ga	kir-yab-ti
pn	house- dat	enter- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja entered the house.’

13. win eŋmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	eŋ-di
pn	pn - acc	win- pst .3 sg
‘Petja beat Maša.’

14. go out čiqmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL

X: NOM

Y: ABL

Locus: Y

Petya	uy-dan	čiq-ti
pn	house- abl	go_out- pst .3 sg
‘Petja went out of the house.’

15. drive xaydamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	sigir-ni	xayda-y-di
pn	cow- acc	drive- prs -3 sg
‘Petja is driving the cow.’

16. bend egmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	filoli	eg-di
pn	stick	bend- pst .3 sg
‘Petja bent the branch.’

17. tell demoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-ga:	“mehmon-ga	kel”	de-di
pn	pn - dat	visit- dat	come. imp	say- pst .3 sg
‘Petja told Maša: come to my place.’

18. hold ušlamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	kitob-ni	ušla-b	tur-ib-ti
pn	book- acc	hold- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is holding a book.’

19. catch up etvolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-ga	etvol-di
pn	pn - dat	chase- pst .3 sg
‘Petja caught up with Maša.’

20. milk soɣmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	sigir-ni	soɣ-di
pn	cow- acc	milk- pst .3 sg
‘Petja milked the cow.’

21. reach etmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	sohil-ga	et-ti
pn	coast- dat	reach- pst .3 sg
‘Petja reached the bank.’

22. touch ušlab olmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	devor-ni	ušla-b	ol-di
pn	wall- acc	touch- cvb	take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja touched the wall.’

23. fight urašmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan

X: NOM

Y: bilan

Locus: Y

Petya	Miša	bilan	ura-š-ti
pn	pn	with	fight- recp - pst .3 sg
‘Petja is fighting with Miša.’

24. be friends do’st emoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan

X: NOM

Y: bilan

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša	bilan	do’st
pn	pn	with	friend
‘Petja is friends with Maša.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, emoq is 'to be'.

25. think o’ylamoq

Valency pattern: NOM_haqida

X: NOM

Y: haqida

Locus: Y

Petya	Miša	haqida	o’yla-b	tur-ib-ti
pn	pn	about	think- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is thinking about Miša.’

26. eat ep qoymoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	olma-ni	e-p	qoy-di
pn	apple- acc	eat- cvb	put- pst .3 sg
‘Petja ate an apple.’

27. fry qovurmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	baliq	qovur-di
pn	fish	fry- pst .3 sg
‘Petja fried the fish.’

28. wait kutmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	kut-ib	tur-ib-ti
pn	pn - acc	wait- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is waiting for Maša.’

29. forget esdan čiqarvolmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	bošqa	yo’l-ni	es-dan	čiqarvol-di
pn	another	road- acc	memory- abl	go_out- pst .3 sg
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’

30. depend boɣlanišmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

xotira	yoši-ga	boɣlan-iš-ti
age	memory- dat	connect- recp - pst .3 sg
‘Memory depends on age.’

31. call čaqirmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	čaqir-di
pn	pn - acc	go_out- pst .3 sg
‘Petja called Maša.’

32. get to know tanišmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan

X: NOM

Y: bilan

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša	bilan	bir	yil	burun	tan-iš-ti
pn	pn	with	one	year	ago	meet- recp - pst .3 sg
‘Petja got to know Maša a year ago.’

33. know bilmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	bil-a-di
pn	pn - acc	know- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja knows Maša.’

34. play (instrument) yo’namoq

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC

X: NOM

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

Petya	gitara-da	o’yna-yab-ti
pn	guitar- loc	play- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja is playing the guitar.’

35. avoid qočmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL

X: NOM

Y: ABL

Locus: Y

Petya	Miša-dan	qoč-ip	yur-ib-ti
pn	pn - abl	avoid- cvb	walk- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja avoids Maša.’

36. make tayorlamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	bomba	tayorla-di
pn	bomb	make- pst .3 sg
‘Petja made a bomb.’

37. make fun kulmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ACCustidan

X: NOM

Y: ACCustidan

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-ni	ustidan	kul-yab-ti
pn	pn - acc	over	laugh- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja is making fun of Maša.’

38. have bor

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM

X: GEN

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-niŋ	mašina-si	bor
pn - gen	car- poss .3 sg	is_present
‘Petja has a car.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. The possessor NP has some properties of a clause-level constituent.

39. look for qidirmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	kalit	qidir-yab-ti
pn	key	search- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja is looking for his keys.’

40. paint bo’yamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	panžara-ni	bo’ya-p	tur-ib-ti
pn	fence- acc	paint- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja painted the fence.’

41. bite tišlab olmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

it	Petya-ni	tišla-b	ol-di
dog	pn - acc	bite- cvb	take- pst .3 sg
‘A dog bit Petja.’

42. forfeit qolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_CAR

X: NOM

Y: CAR

Locus: Y

Petya	uy-siz	qol-di
pn	house- car	remain- pst .3 sg
‘Petja lost hist house.’

43. try to catch ušlab olmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	mušuk-ni	ušla-b	ol-moqči
pn	cat- acc	catch- cvb	take- fut .3 sg
‘Petja is trying to catch the cat.’

44. break sindirib qo’ymoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	tayoq-ni	sin-dir-ib	qo’y-di
pn	stick- acc	break- caus - cvb	put- pst .3 sg
‘Petja broke a stick.’

45. flatter xušomadgo’ylamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	xušomadgo’yla-b	tur-ib-ti
pn	pn - acc	flatter- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is flattering Maša.’

46. love (person) sevmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	sev-a-di
pn	pn - acc	love- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja loves Maša.’

47. wave silkitmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan

X: NOM

Y: bilan

Locus: Y

Petya	romali	bilan	silkit-ib	tur-ip-ti
pn	handkerchief	with	wave- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is waving a handkerchief.’

48. dream orzu qilmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	mašina-ni	orzu	qil-a-di
pn	car- acc	dream	do- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja is dreaming of a car.’

49. wash yuvib qoymoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	piola-ni	yuv-ib	qoy-di
pn	cup- acc	wash- cvb	put- pst .3 sg
‘Petja washed the cup.’

50. put on qiymoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	šim	qiy-di
pn	pants	put_on- pst .3 sg
‘Petja put on his trousers.’

51. be called atalmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_deb

X: NOM

Y: deb

Locus: Y

bu	narsa	kompas	de-b	ata-l-a-di
this	thing	compass	say- cvb	be_called- pass - prs 2-3 sg
‘This object is called a compass.’

52. punish žazolamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	o’ɣl-i-ni	žazola-di
pn	son- poss .3 sg - acc	punish- pst .3 sg
‘Petja punished his son.’

53. attack hužum qilmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

ayiq	baliqči-ga	hužum	qil-di
bear	fisherman- dat	attack	do- pst .3 sg
‘A bear attacked a fisherman.’

54. fill (intr) to’lmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

čelak	suv-ga	to’l-di
bucket	water- dat	fill- pst .3 sg
‘The bucket filled with water.’

55. find topib olmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	kalit	top-ib	ol-di
pn	key	find- cvb	take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja found his keys.’

56. be short etmamoq

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-ga	bir	dollar	et-ma-y	tur-ib-ti
pn - dat	one	dollar	lack- neg - cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is one dollar short.’

57. hate nafrat qilmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL

X: NOM

Y: ABL

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-dan	nafrat	qil-a-di
pn	pn - abl	hatred	do- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja hates Maša.’

58. like yoqmoq

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-ga	bu	ko’ylak	yoq-ib	tur-ib-ti
pn - dat	this	dress	like- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja likes this dress.’

59. need kerak emoq

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-ga	pul	kerak
pn - dat	money	need
‘Petja needs money.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, emoq is 'to be'.

60. surround o’rab olmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

devor-lar	šahar-ni	o’ra-b	ol-di
wall- pl	city- acc	surround- cvb	take- pst .3 sg
‘Walls surround the city.’

61. remain qolmoq

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM

X: LOC

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-da	on	dollar	qol-di
pn - loc	ten	dollar	remain- pst .3 sg
‘Petja has ten dollars left.’

62. answer žavob bermoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	o’qituvči-ga	žavob	ber-di
pn	teacher- dat	answer	give- pst .3 sg
‘Petja answered the teacher.’

63. open očmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	banka-ni	oč-ti
pn	jar- acc	open- pst .3 sg
‘Petja opened a can.’

64. be different bošqača emoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL

X: NOM

Y: ABL

Locus: Y

meniŋ	ko’ylag-im	seniki-dan	bošqača
my	dress- poss .1 sg	your- abl	different
‘My shirt is different from yours.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, emoq is 'to be'.

65. fall behind orkada kolib ketmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL

X: NOM

Y: ABL

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-dan	orkada	kol-ib	ket-ti
pn	pn - abl	behind	remain- cvb	go_away- pst .3 sg
‘Petja fell behind Maša.’

66. plough xaydamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	dala-ni	xayda-y-di
pn	field- acc	plough- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja is ploughing the field.’

67. smell hidi kelmoq

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

meniŋ	kol-lar-im-dan	benzin-niŋ	hid-i	kel-yab-ti
my	hand- pl - poss .1 sg - abl	gasoline- gen	smell- poss .3 sg	come- prs 1-3 sg
‘My hands smell of gasoline.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

68. cross o’tmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL

X: NOM

Y: ABL

Locus: Y

Petya	yo’l-dan	o’t-ti
pn	road- abl	cross- pst .3 sg
‘Petja crossed the road.’

69. sing aytmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	čiroyli	qo’šiq	ayt-ti
pn	nice	song	say- pst .3 sg
‘Petja sang a beautiful song.’

70. write yozmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	xat	yoz-di
pn	letter	write- pst .3 sg
‘Petja wrote a letter.’

71. drink ičmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	sut	ič-ti
pn	milk	drink- pst .3 sg
‘Petja drank the milk.’

72. melt eritmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	qo’rɣošin-ni	erit-ti
pn	lead- acc	melt- pst .3 sg
‘Petja melted some lead.’

73. match yarašmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

bu	kamar	meniŋ	ko’ylag-im-ga	yaraš-ti
this	belt	my	dress- poss .1 sg - dat	suit- pst .3 sg
‘This belt goes well with my dress.’

74. leave tašlab ketmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	ona	šaxar-i-ni	tašla-b	ket-ti
pn	home	city- poss .3 sg - acc	leave- cvb	go_away- pst .3 sg
‘Petja left his native city.’

75. cover qoplamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

gilam	barča	qavat-i-ni	qopla-yab-ti
carpet	all	floor- poss .3 sg - acc	cover- prs 1-3 sg
‘The carpet covers the whole floor.’

76. remember eslab qolmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	uy-ni	yaxši	esla-b	qol-di
pn	house- acc	good	remember- cvb	leave- pst .3 sg
‘Petja remembers the house well.’

77. help yordam bermoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-ga	yordam	ber-di
pn	pn - dat	help	give- pst .3 sg
‘Petja helped Maša.’

78. understand (language) tušunmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	francuz	tili-ni	tušun-a-di
pn	f rench	language- acc	understand- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja understands French.’

79. hit (target) tušmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

čaqmoq	uy-ga	tuš-ti
lightning	house- dat	get_down- pst .3 sg
‘Lightning struck the house.’

80. cut oneself kesvolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan

X: NOM

Y: bilan

Locus: Y

Petya	ustara	bilan	kesvol-di
pn	razor	with	cut- pst .3 sg
‘Petja cut himself with a razor.’

81. get stuck yopiš qolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

piola	stol-ga	yopiš-ib	qol-di
cup	table- dat	stick- cvb	leave- pst .3 sg
‘The glass got stuck to the table.’

82. lose (game) yutqazmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-ga	yutqaz-di
pn	pn - dat	lose- pst .3 sg
‘Petja lost to Maša.’

83. be glad quvonmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	xat-ka	quvon-di
pn	letter- dat	be_happy- pst .3 sg
‘Petja was glad about the letter.’

84. speak gaplašmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan

X: NOM

Y: bilan

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša	bilan	gaplaš-ib	o’tir-ib-ti
pn	pn	with	talk- cvb	sit- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is speaking with Maša.’

85. give birth tuɣmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Maša	o’ɣil	tuɣ-di
pn	son	give_birth- pst .3 sg
‘Maša gave birth to a son.’

86. drop tuširib olmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	piola-ni	tušir-ib	ol-di
pn	cup- acc	drop- cvb	take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja dropped the glass.’

87. govern bošqarmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan

X: NOM

Y: bilan

Locus: Y

Petya	bizarniŋ	qišlok	bilan	bošqar-a-di
pn	our	village	with	run- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja runs our town.’

88. miss soɣinmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	soɣin-di
pn	pn - acc	miss- pst .3 sg
‘Petja misses Maša.’

89. follow ergašmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-ga	ergaš-moqda
pn	pn - dat	follow- prs 3.3 sg
‘Petja follows Maša.’

90. dismount tušmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL

X: NOM

Y: ABL

Locus: Y

Petya	ot-tan	tuš-ti
pn	horse- abl	get_down- pst .3 sg
‘Petja got down from the horse.’

91. listen tiŋlamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	radio	tiŋla-b	otir-ib-ti
pn	radio	listen- cvb	sit- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is listening to radio.’

92. obey tiŋlamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	ona-si-ni	tiŋla-y-di
pn	mother- poss .3 sg - acc	listen- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja listens to his mother.’

93. hear eštimoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	muzika-ni	ešit-ib	tur-ib-ti
pn	music- acc	listen- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja hears the music.’

94. mix aralašib ketmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan

X: NOM

Y: bilan

Locus: Y

asal	sut	bilan	aralaš-ib	ket-ti
honey	milk	with	mix- cvb	go_away- pst .3 sg
‘The honey got mixed with milk.’

95. look ko’ramoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	bulut-lar-ga	ko’ra-b	tur-ib-ti
pn	cloud- pl - dat	look- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is looking at the clouds.’

96. take off ečmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	ko’ylag-i-ni	eč-ti
pn	dress- poss .3 sg - acc	take_off- pst .3 sg
‘Petja took off his shirt.’

97. dream (sleeping) tušiga kirmoq

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM

X: GEN

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-niŋ	tuš-i-ga	Maša	kir-di
pn - gen	dream- poss .3 sg - dat	pn	enter- pst .3 sg
‘Petja dreams about Maša.’
Note: The experiencer NP has some properties of a clause-level constituent.

98. agree kelišmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan

X: NOM

Y: bilan

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša	bilan	kel-iš-ti
pn	pn	with	come- recp - pst .3 sg
‘Petja agreed with Maša.’

99. have a quarrel urišib qolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_bilan

X: NOM

Y: bilan

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša	bilan	uriš-ib	qol-di
pn	pn	with	argue- cvb	leave- pst .3 sg
‘Petja had a quarrel with Maša.’

100. cost turmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

bu	čaška	bir	dollar	tur-a-di
this	cup	one	dollar	stand- prs 2-3 sg
‘This cup costs 1 dollar.’

101. shoot at otmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	quš-ni	ot-ti
pn	bird- acc	shoot- pst .3 sg
‘Petja shot at the bird.’

102. pour qo’ymoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	šakar-ni	qo’y-di
pn	sugar- acc	put- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petja poured the sugar.’

103. lose yo’qotib olmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	kalt-ni	yo’qot-ib	ol-di
pn	key- acc	lose- cvb	take- pst .3 sg
‘Petja lost his keys.’

104. sink čo’qib ketmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC

X: NOM

Y: LOC

Locus: Y

tayoq	daryo-da	čo’q-ib	ket-ti
stick	river- loc	sink- cvb	go_away- pst .3 sg
‘The log sank in the water.’

105. kill o’ldirib qoymoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	o’l-dir-ib	qoy-di
pn	pn - acc	die- caus - cvb	put- pst .3 sg
‘Petja killed Maša.’

106. hit urvolmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	urvol-di
pn	pn - acc	hit- pst .3 sg
‘Petja hit Maša.’

107. kiss o’pmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	o’p-ti
pn	pn - acc	kiss- pst .3 sg
‘Petja kissed Maša.’

108. read o’qimoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	qiziq	kitob	o’qi-di
pn	interesting	book	read- pst .3 sg
‘Petja read an interesting book.’

109. move (bodypart) qo’zɣatmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	barmog-i-ni	qo’zɣat-ti
pn	finger- poss .3 sg - acc	move- pst .3 sg
‘Petja moved his finger.’

110. respect hurmat qilmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	hurmat	qil-a-di
pn	pn - acc	respect	do- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja respects Maša.’

111. be squeamish žirkanč qilmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	kir	dasturxon-ga	žirkanč	qil-yab-ti
pn	dirty	dish- dat	disgusted	leave- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja is squeamish about dirty dishes.’

112. be content mamnun emoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	o’z-i-niŋ	o’ɣl-i-ga	mamnun
pn	own- poss .3 sg - gen	son- poss .3 sg - dat	glad
‘Petja is satisfied with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate, emoq is 'to be'.

113. fall in love sevib qolmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	sev-ib	qol-di
pn	pn - acc	love- cvb	leave- pst .3 sg
‘Petja fell in love with Maša.’

114. trust išonmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-ga	išon-a-di
pn	pn - dat	believe- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja trusts Maša.’

115. sympathise iči ačinmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	o’z-i-niŋ	ona-si-ga	iči	ačin-a-di
pn	own- poss .3 sg - gen	mother- poss .3 sg - dat	inside	sympathize- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja sympathises with his mother.’

116. envy hasad qilmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Miša-ga	hasad	qil-a-di
pn	pn - dat	envy	do- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja envies Miša.’

117. be angry žahli čiqmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Miša-ga	žahli	čiq-ti
pn	pn - dat	angry	exit- pst .3 sg
‘Petja is angry with Miša.’

118. be surprised hayron bo’lmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	bu	sovɣa-ga	hayron	bo’l-di
pn	this	present- dat	surprised	be- pst .3 sg
‘Petja was surprised at this gift.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

119. love (tea) yaxši qormoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	čoy	yaxši	qor-a-di
pn	tea	well	see- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja loves tea.’

120. enjoy rohatlanmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	issiq	čoy-ga	rohatlan-ib	tur-ib-ti
pn	hot	tea- dat	enjoy- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja enjoys hot tea.’

121. want xohlamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	yaŋi	telefon	xohla-yab-ti
pn	new	telephone	want- prs 1-3 sg
‘Petja wants a new mobile phone.’

122. have a grudge ɣazablanmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-ga	ɣazablan-moqda
pn	pn - dat	be_angry- prs 3.3 sg
‘Petja holds a grudge against Maša.’

123. take offence hafa bo’lmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	Maša-ga	xafa	bo’l-di
pn	pn - dat	sad	be- pst .3 sg
‘Petja took offence at Maša.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

124. upset qayɣittirmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	qayɣit-tir-di
pn	pn - acc	upset- caus - pst .3 sg
‘Petja greatly upset Maša.’

125. marvel hayrat qolmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	bu	šahar-ga	hayrat-da	qol-di
pn	this	city- dat	surprise- loc	stay- pst .3 sg
‘Petja was impressed by this city.’

126. despise mensimamoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	Maša-ni	mensi-ma-y	tur-ib-ti
pn	pn - acc	give_attention- neg - cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja despises Maša.’

127. get upset xafa bo’lmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_deb

X: NOM

Y: deb

Locus: Y

Petya	o’ɣl-i	de-b	xafa	bo’l-di
pn	son- poss .3 sg	say- cvb	sad	be- pst .3 sg
‘Petja got upset with his son.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

128. get irritated badžahl bo’lmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

Petya	o’z-i-niŋ	qiz-ga	badžahl	bo’l-ib	tur-ib-ti
pn	own- poss .3 sg - gen	daughter- dat	irritated	be- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja is getting irritated with his daughter.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

129. be fond yoqmoq

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Petya-ga	Maša	yoq-a-di
pn - dat	pn	like- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja is fond of Maša.’

130. be shy uaylmoq

Valency pattern: NOM_ABL

X: NOM

Y: ABL

Locus: Y

Petya	o’z-i-niŋ	bo’y-i-dan	uayl-a-di
pn	own- poss .3 sg - gen	height- poss .3 sg - abl	be_ashamed- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja is embarrased about his height.’