BivalTyp

Show Russian meta:

‘see’

Argument frame:

X (see) Y

Stimulus sentence:

P. sees a house _y.

Predicate label Ru:

видеть

Argument frame Ru:

X (видеть) Y (-а)

Stimulus sentence Ru:

П. видит дом .

Abaza ba

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

a-phʷə́spa	a-tʒə́	l-b-ə́j-ṭ
def -girl	def -house	3 sg . f . erg -see- prs - dcl
‘The girl sees the house.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) λeʁʷə

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

pŝaŝe-m	wəne-r	j-e-λeʁʷə
girl- obl	house- abs	3 sg . erg - dyn -see
‘The girl sees the house.’

Aghul agʷ.a-

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

aslan.a-s	χal	agʷ.a-a
pn - dat	house	see. ipf - prs
‘Aslan sees a house.’

Alik Kryz ipqhayc

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

terlan-iz	k'ul	iurqhvar-yu
pn - dat	house( f )	f .see. ipfv - prs . f
‘Terlan sees a house.’

Archi -akːus

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

patʼimat-li-s	noʟʼ	akːu-r-ši
pn - obl - dat	house	4.see- ipfv - advz (4.be)
‘Patimat sees a house.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic xazə

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

brata	xzi-la	beta
girl( f )	see. pst - ls .3 f	house( m )
‘The girl saw the house.’

Avar bixize

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM

X: LOC

Y: NOM

Locus: X

ʕali-da	ruq’	b-ix-ule-b	b-ugo
pn - loc	house	n -see- ipf . ptcp - n	n - cop
‘Ali sees a house.’

Azerbaijani görmək

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Aslan	ev	gör-ür
pn	house	see- ipfv (3)
‘Aslan sees a house.’

Bafut jə́

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

àmbɛ́	à	jə́	ǹdâ
pn	sm	see	house
‘Ambe sees a house.’

Bambara yé

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Sékù	bɛ	só`	yé
pn	ipfv	house\ art	see
‘Seku sees a house.’

Brazilian Portuguese ver

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pedro	vê	a	casa
pn ( m )	see.3 sg . prs	def . f	house( f )
‘Pedro sees a house.’

Budugh irqhi

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

aslan-ız	k'ul	ürqhü-rü
pn - dat	house( a )	a .see. ipf - prs
‘Aslan sees a house.’

Catalan veure

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

en	Pere	veu	un-a	casa
def . sg . m	pn ( m )	see.3 sg . prs . ind	indf - sg . f	house( f )
‘Pere sees a house.’

Chechen go

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

Islam-ana	c’aa	go
pn - dat	house. abs	see. prs
‘Islam sees a house.’

Chirag b-a̰ħḭ

Valency pattern: SUPER_ABS

X: SUPER

Y: ABS

Locus: X

ʡa̰li-l-i	sːika	b-a̰ħ-un
pn - obl - super	bear( abs )	n . sg -see: pf - aor .3
‘Ali saw a bear.’

Czech vidět

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petr	vidí	dům
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	see( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petr sees a house.’

Danish se

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	se-r	et	hus
pn	see- prs	indf . sg	house( n )
‘Peter sees a house.’

Dutch zien

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Piet	zie-t	een	huis
pn (С)	see-3 sg	art . indf	house( n )
‘Piet sees a book.’

Eastern Maninka yé

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Sékù	yé	bón`	yé-la.
pn	be	house\ art	see- inf . la
‘Seku sees the house.’

English see

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	sees	a	house.

Estonian nägema

Valency pattern: NOM_PART

X: NOM

Y: PART

Locus: Y

Peeter	näe-b	maja
pn . sg . nom	see- prs .3 sg	house. sg . part
‘Peeter sees a house.’

Finnish nähdä

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: GEN~PART~NOM

Locus: TR

Pekka	näke-e	talo-n
pn . nom	see- prs .3 sg	house- gen
‘Pekka sees a house.’

Forest Enets mɔdee

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

kasa-jʔ	kamozo-da	mɔdee-za
man- nom . sg .1 sg	house- obl . sg .3 sg	see( ipfv )-3 sg . so sg
‘My friend sees his house’.

French voir

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Paul	voit	une	maison
pn ( m )	see. prs .3 sg	indf . sg . f	house( f )
‘Paul sees a house.’

Georgian Ø-xed-av-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

p'et're-Ø	saxl-s	Ø-xed-av-s
pn - nom	house- dat	do 3-see- sm - s 3 sg
‘Petre sees a house.’

German sehen

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Karl	sieht	ein	Haus
pn [ nom . sg ]	see. prs .3 sg	indf [ n . acc . sg ]	house[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl sees a house.’

Guinean Kpelle káa

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pépèe	káa	pɛ́lɛ	káa-ì
pn	cop	house	see- inf
‘Pepee sees a house.’

Hindi dekhnā

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Pratīk	ek	ghar	ko	dekh-t-ā	hɛ.
pn ( m ). sg . dir	one	house( m ). sg . obl	acc / dat	see- ipfv - m . sg	prs .3 sg
‘Praveen sees a house.’

Icari Dargwa či=b=ig-uj

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

Islam-il	qal	či=b=ig-a-ca=b
pn - erg	house. abs	on = n =see: ipf - prs - cop = n
‘Islam sees a house.’

Irish feic

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Cí-onn	Pól	an	tigh.
see- prs	pn	def	house
‘Pól sees the house.’

Ismayilli Kryz

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

aslan-iz	k'ul	irqhor-o
pn - dat	house( f )	f .see. ipf - prs . f
‘Aslan sees a house.’

Italian vedere

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Leo	ved-e	un-a	cas-a
pn ( m )	see-3 sg . prs	indf . sg - f	house- sg . f
‘Leo sees a house.’

Kadar Dargwa ke-CL-a-es / ki-CL-i-es

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

meħamad-li	qali	ki-b-iʔ-u
pn - erg	house	on - n -see. pfv - th
‘Muhammad sees a house.’

Kalderash Romani dikhəl

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

o	Murš-a	dikh-əl	o	khər
art . m . dir . sg	pn - nom . sg	see- prs .3 sg	art . m . dir . sg	house[ acc . sg ]
‘Murša sees a house.’

Kandyk Tabasaran

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

fatima.ji-z	maˁhaˁmаd	raˁqːuˁ-ra
pn - dat	pn ( abs )	( h . sg )see- prs
‘Fatima sees Mahamad.’

Karata haʔanɬa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

ʕalja	misja	haʔ-indja	idja
pn . dat	house	see- ipf	cop
‘Ali sees a house.’

Kaytag Dargwa č:ibigara

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

petja-l	č:ibig-ulca	qali
pn - erg	n .see. ipf - prs	house
‘Petja sees a house.’

Kazakh kör

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	üy	kör-іp	tur
pn	house	see- cvb	stand.3 sg
‘Petya sees the house.’

Kazym Khanty kǎλti

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

pet’a-j-en-a	χɔt	kǎλ-λ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg - dat	house	be.visible- npst [3 sg ]
‘The house is visible to Petja.’

Khoekhoe mû

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Sara-s	ge	om-s-a	ra	mû
pn -3 f . sg	decl	house-3 f . sg - obl	ipfv	see
‘Sara sees a house.’

Khwarshi j/akʷa

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

šamile-l	l-akʷa-ha	aq
pn - dat	iv -see- prs	house( iv )
‘Shamil sees a house.’

Kina Rutul ʁargᵂara

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

rasul-u-s	ʁ-argᵂa-r=a	χal
pn - obl - dat	pv -4.see. ipfv - cvb =be	house( nom )
‘Rasul sees a house.’

Kryz Proper

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

aslan-is	k'ul	irqh-ürü
pn - dat	house	m .see. pf - prs . f
‘Aslan sees a house.’

Kumyk görmek

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: DO

Locus: TR

patimat	üj-nü	gör-e
pn	house- acc	see-3 sg
‘Patimat sees the house.’

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) dîtin (tr)

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

zilam	mal-ek-ê	di-bîn-e
man	house( f )- indef - obl . f	prs -see. ipfv -3 sg
‘The man sees a house.’

Latin video

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

ille	qui	sanguin-em	su-um	vid-it
that. nom . sg . m	which. nom . sg . m	blood( f )- acc . sg	one’s_own- acc . sg . m	see[ prf . ind ]- act .3 sg
‘One who saw his own blood.’
Note: (Sen. Ep. 13, 2)

Laz o-ʒir-u

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Käzim-i-s	oxo(r)-i	Ø-a-ʒi(r)-en-Ø
pn - b - dat	house- nom	io 3- pot -see- pot - s 3 sg . inact
‘Käzim sees a house.’

Mandarin Chinese kànjiàn

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Zhāngsān	kànjiàn	yī-dòng	fángzi
pn	see	one- clf	house
‘Zhangsan sees a house.’

Mano gɛ̰̀

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pèé	lɛ́ɛ̀	ká	gɛ̰̀
pn	3 sg . ipfv	house	see: ipfv
‘Pe sees a house.’

Mehweb gʷes

Valency pattern: CONT.LAT_NOM

X: CONT.LAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Pajzula-ze	g-ub	qali
pn - cont ( lat )	see: pfv - aor	house
‘Pajzula sees a house.’

Mingrelian Ø-o-rc'q'-en-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

čelo-Ø	ʔude-s	Ø-o-rc'q'-e(n)-Ø
pn - nom	house- dat	io 3- ver : sup -see- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Chelo sees a house.’

Modern Hebrew ro-e

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ro-e	bajt
pn	see[ ptcp ]- sg . m	house
‘Pinchas sees a house.’

Mukhad Rutul hagun

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

murad-ı-s	χal	hagva-ra
pn - obl - dat	house	( n )see. ipf - hab
‘Murad sees a house.’

Nanai icə-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petia	ǯoo-wa	icə-j-ni
pn	house- obl	see- npst - p .3 sg
‘Petia sees a house.’

Nivkh idəd

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Kaskazik	taf	idə-d
pn	house	see- ind
‘Kaskazik sees a house.’

Northern Akhvakh hariguruƛa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

patħudi-ƛa	č’ili	harigw-ere	godi
pn - dat	house	see- simul	n . cop
‘Pathudi sees a house.’

Northern Mansi kasali

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

am	kāsal-ej-um	kol
i	see- npst -1 sg	house
‘I see a house.’

Northern Yukaghir juo=

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Sǝmiǝn	nimǝ-lǝ	juo-mǝ-lǝ
pn	house- acc	see- tr - of .3 sg
‘Semien sees a house.’

Norwegian Bokmål å se

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Per	se-r	et	hus
pn	see- prs	indf . n . sg	house
‘Per sees a house.’

Polish widzieć

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Paweł	widzi	dom
pn [ nom . sg ]	see: ipfv . prs .3 sg	house[ acc . sg ]
‘Paweł sees a house.’

Russian videtʹ

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Pet-ja	vid-it	dom
pn ( m )- nom . sg	see( ipfv )- prs .3 sg	house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Petja sees a house.’

Serbian videti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petar	vidi	kuć-u
pn . nom . sg	see. prs .3 sg	house- acc . sg
‘Petar sees a house.’

Shinaz Rutul hagu-n

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

basir-ɨs	hagu-j	χal
pn - dat	( n )see. pf - aor . n	house
‘Basir sees a house.’

Shughni wīntow

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Azim	čīd	wīn-t
pn	house	see-3 sg
‘Azim sees a house.’

Skolt Saami vueiʹnned

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peâtt	vuäinn	põõrt
pn . sg . nom	see. prs .3 sg	house. sg . acc
‘Pete sees a house.’

Slovak vidieť

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peter	vidí	dom
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	see( ipfv ). prs .3 sg	house( m )[ acc . sg ]
‘Peter sees a house.’

Slovenian videti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Pavel	vidi	hiš-o
pn [ nom . sg ]	see: ipfv . prs .3 sg	house- acc . sg
‘Pavel sees a house.’

Sorani Kurdish dîtin

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ.TR

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Hîwa	maɫ-êk	de-bîn-ê
pn	house- indf	ind -see. prs -3 sg
‘Hiwa sees a house.’

Southern Rutul ğagun

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

murad-ı-s	xal	ğagva-r
pn - obl - dat	house	n .see. ipf - prs
‘Murad sees a house.’

Spanish ver

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pedro	ve	una	casa
pn [ sg . m ]	see[ prs .3 sg ]	art . ndef . sg . f	house[ sg . f ]
‘Pedro sees a house.’

Standard Arabic raɁā

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Badr-un	yarā	bayt-a-n
pn - nom	see. ipf .3 m	house- acc - indef
‘Badr sees a house.’

Svan x-o-sgd-i (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT

X: NOM

Y: DAT

Locus: Y

maizer-Ø	kor-s	x-o-sgd-i
pn - nom	house- dat	io 3- ver : o -see- prs
‘Maizer sees a house.’

Swedish att se

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Björn	se-r	ett	hus
pn	see- prs	indf . n . sg	house
‘Björn sees a house.’

Tagalog

Valency pattern: TR

X: ACT

Y: UND

Locus: TR

na-ki~kita	ni	Pedro	ang	bahay
pot . pv - ipfv ~see	pers . gen	pn	subj	house
‘Pedro sees a house.’

Telugu cūcu

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

pravīṇ	oka	iṁṭi-ni	cūstunnāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom	one	house( n ). sg . obl - acc	see. dur .3 sg . m
‘Praveen sees a house.’

Tsakhur q:adžiy

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM

X: AFF

Y: NOM

Locus: X

murad-ı-k’le	хav	q:edži	vo-d
pn - obl - aff	house	( n )see. ipf	cop - n
‘Murad sees a house.’

Tsudakhar Dargwa če-b-až-iz/če-b-iž-iz

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

uršːi-z	qali	če-b-ig-ule=sab
boy- dat	home	on - n -see. ipfv - prog . cnv = cop : n (3)
‘The boy sees a house.’

Tsugni Dargwa b-ag-i / b-ig-i

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

durħaˤ-j	qali	če-b-ag-ib
boy- dat	home	on - n -see. pfv - pret (3)
‘The boy sees a house.’

Turkish görmek

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Mehmet	ev-i	gör-üyor
pn	house- acc	see- prs
‘Mehmet sees the house.’

Turoyo ḥoze

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Gabriyel	ḥze-le	bayto
pn	see. pfv - ls .3 m	house( m )
‘Gabriyel saw a house.’

Twi hunu

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Kofi	hunu	efie	bi
pn	see(3 sg . prs )	house	indef
‘Kofi sees a house.’

Udmurt адӟыны

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Петя	корка	адӟ-е
pn . nom	house. nom	see- prs .3 sg
‘Petja sees a house.’

Ulcha ičə-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

xusə	piktə	dāi	xagdu-wa	ič-i-ni
male	child	big	house- acc	see- prs -3 sg
‘The boy sees a big house.’

Uzbek ko’rmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	uy-ni	ko’r-ib	tur-ib-ti
pn	house- acc	see- cvb	stand- prs 4-3 sg
‘Petja sees a house.’

West Central Oromo arga

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

obsaa-n	mana	arg-a
pn - nom	house. abs	see-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa sees a house.’

Wolof gis

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: OBJ

Locus: TR

gis	naa	sa	yaay	marse
see	prf .s i :1 sg	poss :2 sg	mother( j )	market( b )
‘I saw your mother at the market.’

Yargun Lezgian akkvan

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Sahib-a-z	kˈval	akkva-zva
pn - obl - dat	house	see. ipfv - prs
‎‎‎‘Sahib sees the house.’

Zazaki

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ.TR

Y: DO

Locus: TR

oxir	kɛjɛ-je	vîn-ɛn-o.
oxɨr	house- indf	see. prs - aug -3 sg . m
‘Oxir sees a house.’

Zilo Andi haʔ.o

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM

X: AFF

Y: NOM

Locus: X

pat’imati-<b>o	haʔ.o-r	milki
pn - aff < inan 1>	see. pst - prog	house[ inan 1][ nom ]
‘Patimat sees a house.’