BivalTyp

‘resemble’

Argument frame: X (resemble) Y
Stimulus sentence: (M. is P.'s grandfather) P. resembles M .
Predicate label Ru: быть похожим
Argument frame Ru: X (быть похожим) на Y (-а)
Stimulus sentence Ru: (М. — дедушка П.) П. похож на М .

Abaza apš

Valency pattern: ABS_IO
X: ABS
Y: IO
Locus: Y
wará s-aχš’á w-l-apš-ṗ
you. m 1 sg . io -sister 2 sg . m . abs -3 sg . f . io -similar- npst . dcl
‘You resemble my sister.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) je-hšʼər

Valency pattern: ABS_DAT
X: ABS
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
wə-s-e-hšʼər-ep
2 sg . abs -1 sg . io - dat -similar- neg
‘You do not resemble me.’

Aghul uχšar + ‘be’

Valency pattern: ABS_DAT
X: ABS
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
aslan meʜemed.i-s uχšar a-a
pn pn - dat similar { in }be- prs
‘Aslan resembles Muhammad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Akhvakh (Northern) enɬɬunuƛa

Valency pattern: NOM_LAT
X: NOM
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
patħudi enɬɬ-ene gudi musa-ga
pn resemble- simul m . cop pn - lat
‘Pathudi resembles Musa.’

Andi (Zilo) a<w>ɬin

Valency pattern: NOM_AFF
X: NOM
Y: AFF
Locus: Y
ali a<w>ɬin muħammadi-<w>o
pn [ m ][ nom ] resemblant< m > pn - aff < m >
‘Ali resembles Muhammad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi) šbh

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Abrahām yǝšbah-a l-Maryam
pn resemble. ipf .3 ms - o .3 fs to- pn
‘Abraham resembles Maryam.’

Arabic (Northern Syrian) šəbəh

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Aḥmad yəšbah ǧədd-u
pn be_similar. ipfv .3 m grandfather- poss .3 m
‘Ahmad resembles his grandfather.’

Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth) š.b.h

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Shadi bišbah Reem
pn resemble. prs .3 m . sg pn
‘Shadi resembles Reem.’

Arabic (standard) šabiha

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
Badr-un yašbahu Maryam-a
pn - nom be_similar. ipf .3 m pn - acc
‘Badr resembles Maryam.’

Archi ɬːʷaːna

Valency pattern: NOM_SUP.LAT
X: NOM
Y: SUP.LAT
Locus: Y
paša ɬːʷaːna moħommad-li-tːi-k
pn be.similar pn - obl - sup - lat
‘Pasha resembles Muhammad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (stative).

Armenian (Eastern) nman linel

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petros-ə Mher-i nman ē
pn [ nom ]- def pn - dat similar cop :3 sg
‘Petros resembles Mher.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic damə

Valency pattern: SBJ_al
X: SBJ
Y: al
Locus: Y
+avvo yala bədmay=əl +al savun-u
dem 3. m boy( m ) resemble. prog =3 m on grandfather( m )- p .3 m
‘This boy resembles his grandfather.’

Avar reɬɬine

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
ʕali ħažidada-da raɬɬ-ara-w w-ugo
pn h - loc resemble- pf . ptcp - m m - cop
‘Ali resembles Hajidada.’

Azerbaijani oxşamaq

Valency pattern: NOM_DATLAT
X: NOM
Y: DATLAT
Locus: Y
Aslan Mixail-ǝ oxşa-yır
pn pn - dat / lat look_like- ipfv (3)
‘Aslan resembles Mikhail.’

Bafut fíì

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
àmbɛ́ à fíì sùù
pn sm resemble pn
‘Ambe resembles Suh.’

Bambara bɔ́

Valency pattern: SBJ_fe
X: SBJ
Y: fe
Locus: Y
Sékù bɔ́-len bɛ́ Fùseni fɛ̀
pn go.out- ptcp . res be pn by
‘Seku resembles Fuseyni.’

Bartangi

Valency pattern: NOM_EQ
X: NOM
Y: EQ
Locus: Y
Ahmed tar Abdullo monand
pn eq pn similar
‘Ahmed resembles Abdullo.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Belarusian padobny + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Alieś padobn-y na Vasil-ja
pn [ nom . sg ] similar- nom . sg . m on pn - acc . sg
‘Ales resembles Vasil.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Budugh uxşami yıxhar

Valency pattern: NOM_LOC
X: NOM
Y: LOC
Locus: Y
aslan mixayil-a' uxşami yıxhar-i
pn pn - loc resemble m .be. ipfv - nonpst
‘Aslan resembles Mikhail.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Bulgarian prilicham

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
Petăr prilicha na Mihail
pn resemble( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on pn
‘Petar resembles Mihail.’

Catalan assemblar-se

Valency pattern: SBJ_a
X: SBJ
Y: a
Locus: Y
en Pere s'assembla a en Marc
def . sg . m pn ( m ) refl .3 sg -look.like-3 sg . prs . ind to def . sg . m pn ( m )
‘Pere resembles Marc.’
Note: Cf. "en Pere s'hi assembla"

Chechen tera + AGR-u

Valency pattern: ABS_LAT
X: ABS
Y: LAT
Locus: Y
Islam Nadir-ax tera v-u
pn . abs pn - lat similar v -be. prs
‘Islam resembles Nadir.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Chinese (Mandarin) zhǎng

Valency pattern: SBJ_xiang
X: SBJ
Y: xiang
Locus: Y
Zhāngsān zhǎng de xiàng tā-yéye
pn grow de like he-grandpa
‘Zhangsan resembles his grandpa.’

Chirag mišize b-uχi

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER
X: ABS
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
gal-e datːi-l-i miši-ze b-urχ-ar
boy- pl ( abs ) father- obl - super similar- atr h . pl -become: ipf - fut .3
‘Sons usually resemble their father.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Croatian biti sličan

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Per-o je sličan Miš-i
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg similar. nom . sg . m pn - dat . sg
‘Pero resembles Mišo.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Czech podobat se

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petr se podobá dědečk-ovi
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc resemble( ipfv ). prs .3 sg grandfather( m )- dat . sg
‘Petr resembles his grandfather.’

Danish ligne

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter ligne-r Marie
pn resemble- prs pn
‘Peter resembles Marie.’

Dargwa (Itsari) meš-ci ca-B

Valency pattern: ABS_SUPER.LAT
X: ABS
Y: SUPER.LAT
Locus: Y
Islam Nadir-ri-j meš-ci=ca-w
pn ( abs ) pn - obl - super ( lat ) similar- atr = cop - m
‘Islam resembles Nadir.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. Non-trivial citation form.

Dargwa (Kadar) mušu-CL-uk'-as (IPFV)

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER
X: NOM
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
meħamad rasu-j-ke mušu-0-uk'-ar
pn pn - obl - super alike- m -say. ipfv - th
‘Muhammad resembles Rasul.’

Dargwa (Kaytag) mešul vihara

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER
X: NOM
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
Petja mešu-l-ca Miχail-ži
pn resembling- adv = cop (3) pn - super
‘Petja resembles Mikhail.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Dargwa (Kubachi)

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPERLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPERLAT
Locus: Y
gal atːa-že miši-l=saw
boy father- super ( lat ) similar- adv = cop : m (3)
‘The boy resembles his father.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Dargwa (Tsudakhar) miši b-iχ-iz/b-irχ-iz

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER(LAT)
X: NOM
Y: SUPER(LAT)
Locus: Y
uršːi tːutːes-li-ja miši-le=saj
boy father- obl - super ( lat ) similar- adv = cop : m (3)
‘The boy resembles his father.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Dargwa (Tsugni) miši-le + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER(LAT)
X: NOM
Y: SUPER(LAT)
Locus: Y
durħaˤ tːati-ge miši-le=caj
boy father- super ( lat ) similar- adv = cop : m (3)
‘The boy resembles his father.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Dutch lijken

Valency pattern: SBJ_op
X: SBJ
Y: op
Locus: Y
Piet lijk-t op Marie
pn (С) resemble-3 sg on pn (С)
‘Piet resembles Marie.’

Enets (Forest) ŋa

Valency pattern: NOM_OBLdez
X: NOM
Y: OBLdez
Locus: Y
modʲi kasa-jʔ ɛse-da dʲez ŋa
i man- nom . sg .1 sg father- obl . sg .3 sg in_the_direction be( ipfv ).3 sg . s
‘My friend resembles his father’.

English resemble

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Peter resembles Mary.

Estonian meenutama

Valency pattern: NOM_PART
X: NOM
Y: PART
Locus: Y
Peeter meenuta-b Madis-t
pn . sg . nom resemble- prs .3 sg pn - sg . part
‘Peeter resembles Madis.’

Finnish näköinen + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN
X: NOM
Y: GEN
Locus: Y
Pekka on Mati-n / hänen näköinen
pn . nom be. prs .3 sg pn - gen / he. gen similar.looking
‘Pekka resembles Matti / him.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

French ressembler

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
Paul ressemble à Marie
pn ( m ) look_like. prs .3 sg to pn ( f )
‘Paul resembles Marie.’

Gascon sembla

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
Pau sembla a Maria
pn look_like. prs .3 sg to pn
‘Pau resembles Maria.’

Gban bɔ̀ lè

Valency pattern: SBJ_nen
X: SBJ
Y: nen
Locus: Y
Zá̰ ∅ bɔ̏=lè Mɔ̰̈bì nɛ̰̏
pn 3 sg ipfv \arrive= loc 2 pn at
‘Zan resembles Monbi.’

Georgian h-gav-s (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
p'et're-Ø mamia-s h-gav-s
pn - nom pn - dat io 3-be_alike- s 3 sg
‘Petre resembles Mamia.’

German ähnlich sein

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Karl ist sein-em Vater ähnlich
pn [ nom . sg ] be. prs .3 sg his- m . dat . sg father[ dat . sg ] similar
‘Karl resembles his father.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Hebrew (modern) dome

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
Pinχas dome le Menaχem
pn similar to pn
‘Pinchas resembles Menachem.’

Hindi jɛsā dikhnā

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
Pratīk Mohan ke jɛs-ā dikh-t-ā hɛ
pn ( m ). sg . dir pn ( m ). sg . obl adjz . m . sg . obl such_as- m . sg . dir look- ipfv - m . sg prs .3 sg
‘Prateek looks like Mohan.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Indonesian (standard) mirip

Valency pattern: SBJ_dengan
X: SBJ
Y: dengan
Locus: Y
Ali mirip dengan Asep
pn alike with pn
‘Ali resembles Asep.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Irish bí cosúil

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
Tá Pól cosúil le Máire.
be. prs pn similar with pn
‘Pól resembles Máire.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Italian assomigliare

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
Leo assomigli-a a Maria
pn ( m ) look_like-3 sg . prs to pn ( f )
‘Leo resembles Maria.’

Karata baɬɬanɬa

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
ʕali ħažja w-aɬɬ-on-w idja
pn pn . dat m -resemble- ipf . ptcp - m cop
‘Ali resembles Hajji.’

Kazakh uqsa

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Mixail-ɣa uqsa-ydï
pn pn - dat be_similar- prs 2.3 sg
‘Petya resembles Michael.’

Khanty (Kazym) maŋǝn tăjti

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
petˊa-j-en śat'śaś-ǝλ maŋǝn tăj-ǝλ
pn - ep - poss .2 sg grandfather- poss .3 sg outlook have- npst [3 sg ]
‘Petja resembles his grandfather.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Khoekhoe ī

Valency pattern: SBJ_khami
X: SBJ
Y: khami
Locus: Y
Sara-s ge ouma-s khami ī
pn -3 f . sg decl grandmother-3 f . sg like look
‘Sara resembles her grandmother.’
Note: “khami” is a postposition.

Khwarshi ajłа gołe

Valency pattern: ABS_AD
X: ABS
Y: AD
Locus: Y
di-ja uža di-lo juq'uči-ho ajłа gołe
1 sg . o - gen 1 son( i ) 1 sg . o - gen 2 old.woman( ii )- ad [ i ]similar be. prs
‘My son resembles my grandma.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Komi-Permyak вачкисны

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPLAT
X: NOM
Y: SUPLAT
Locus: Y
Петя вачкись-ö Маша-ыс-вö
pn быть_похожим- prs .3 pn - p .3- suplat
‘Петя похож на Машу.’

Komi-Zyrian vetli̮ni̮

Valency pattern: NOM_vile
X: NOM
Y: vile
Locus: Y
Pet'a vetl-e̮ Maša vi̮l-e̮
pn resemble- prs .3 pn top- ill
‘Petja resembles Masha.’

Kpelle (Guinean) kǔlo

Valency pattern: SBJ_bha
X: SBJ
Y: bha
Locus: Y
Pépèe kùlo-á-ì Hèhee ɓà
pn go_out- stat - pred pn on1
‘Pepee resembles Hehee.’

Kryz (Alik) uxşamiş xhiyic

Valency pattern: NOM_EQU.ADJ.SUBST
X: NOM
Y: EQU.ADJ.SUBST
Locus: Y
terlan murad-ğan-a-d uxşamiş şe-re
pn pn - equ - adj - subst . nn . nom resemble be. ipfv - prs . m
‘Terlan resembles Murad.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kryz (Ismayilli) oxşamiş xhayic

Valency pattern: NOM_SUPER
X: NOM
Y: SUPER
Locus: Y
aslan mixail-iğ oxşamiş şe-re
pn pn - super similar be. ipf - prs . m
‘Aslan resembles Mikhail.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Kryz (proper) qoxhric

Valency pattern: NOM_INLAT
X: NOM
Y: INLAT
Locus: Y
aslan rasul-aʕan qaxhir-ci
pn pn - inlat come_up. pf - perf
‘Aslan resembles Rasul.’

Kumyk ošamaq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
basir musa-ʁa oša-j
pn pn - dat be.similar-3 sg
‘Basir resembles Musa.’

Kurdish (Sorani) çûn

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_le
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: le
Locus: Y
Hîwa le Selîm-î de-ç-ê
pn from pn - obl ind -go. prs -3 sg
‘Hiwa resembles Selim.’

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) man (intr)

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_IO
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: IO
Locus: Y
zilam di-mîn-e jin-ê
man prs -resemble. ipfv -3 sg woman- obl . f
‘The man resembles the woman.’

Lak (Quba)

Valency pattern: NOM_POSTEL
X: NOM
Y: POSTEL
Locus: Y
Maħammad Rasul-du-χ-a la<w>xːu-sːa ur
pn pn - obl - post - el <1>be.similar- attr 1.be. prs .3 p
‘Mohammad resembles Rasul.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Latin imitor

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ACC
Locus: TR
lampadi-as arde-nt-es imita-tur fac-es
comet( m )- nom . sg burn- prs . ptcp . act - acc . pl imitate[ prs . ind ]- mid .3 sg torch( f )- acc . pl
‘The comet resembles burning torches.’
Note: (Plin. NH II, 90). Lampadias is a type of comet.

Laz n-u-ngam-s

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Käzim-i baba-muš-i-s n-u-ngam-s
pn - nom father- poss 3- b - dat io 3- ver : o -be_alike- s 3 sg
‘Käzim resembles his father.’

Lezgian (Yargun) uxşar + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Sahib Eldar-a-z uxșar ya
pn pn - obl - dat like cop
‎‎‎‘Sahib resembles Eldar.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Macedonian liči

Valency pattern: SBJ_na
X: SBJ
Y: na
Locus: Y
Petar liči na Maja
pn resemble( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on pn
‘Petar resembles Maja.’

Maltese xebah

Valency pattern: SBJ_lil
X: SBJ
Y: lil
Locus: Y
Ġwanni jixbah lil Mark
pn resemble. ipf . m .3 sg to pn
‘Ġwanni resembles Mark.’
Note: The use of the preposition “lil” is obligatory with this verb. This is not an optional direct object marker.

Maninka (Eastern) bɔ́

Valency pattern: SBJ_la
X: SBJ
Y: la
Locus: Y
Séku` bɔ́-nin Fónbà lá
pn exit- ptcp . res pn at
‘Seku resembles Fomba.’

Mano ɓɔ̄

Valency pattern: SBJ_ba
X: SBJ
Y: ba
Locus: Y
Pèé lɛ́ɛ̀ ɓɔ̄ ē dàā bà
pn 3 sg . ipfv leave: ipfv 3 sg . refl father in
‘Pe resembles his father.’

Mansi (Northern) xurip

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
pājel āɕ-e xurip
pn father- poss .3 sg similar
‘Pasha resembles his father.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is (arguably) expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predicate.

Mehweb mešul le-

Valency pattern: NOM_COM
X: NOM
Y: COM
Locus: Y
Pajzula il-li-ču mešu-l le-w
pn this- obl - com similar- attr be- m
‘Pajzula resembles him.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Mingrelian Ø-g-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
čelo-Ø bondo-s ko-Ø-g-u(n)-Ø
pn - nom pn - dat io 3-resemble- sm - s 3 sg . inact
‘Chelo resembles Bondo.’

Nanai bi-

Valency pattern: NOM_mat
X: NOM
Y: mat
Locus: Y
Petia Vasia=mat bi
pn pn =like be. npst
‘Petia resembles Vasia.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Nivkh vоcid

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kaskazik Largun + bоci-d
pn pn + resemble- ind
‘Kaskazik resembles Largun.’

Norwegian Bokmål å ligne

Valency pattern: SBJ_pa
X: SBJ
Y: pa
Locus: Y
Per ligne-r på Ola
pn resemble- prs on pn
‘Per resembles Ola.’

Oromo (West Central) fakkaata

Valency pattern: TR
X: NOM
Y: ABS
Locus: TR
obsaa-n tolaa fakkaat-a
pn - nom pn . abs resemble-3 sg . m . ipfv
‘Obsa resembles Tolaa.’

Persian šabīh būdan

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ahmad šabīh-e pedarbozorg-aš-ast
pn similar- izaf grandfather- encl .3 sg - cop .3 sg
‘Ahmad resembles his grandfather.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP-internal modifier. Non-verbal predicate.

Polish podobny + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_doGEN
X: NOM
Y: doGEN
Locus: Y
Ann-a podobn-a jest do Magd-y
pn ( f )- nom . sg similar- f . nom . sg be[ prs .3 sg ] at pn - gen . sg
‘Anna resembles Magda.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Portuguese (Brazilian) parecer-se

Valency pattern: SBJ_com
X: SBJ
Y: com
Locus: Y
Pedro se parec-e com Miguel
pn ( m ) refl look_like-3 sg . prs with pn ( m )
‘Pedro resembles Miguel.’

Romani (Kalderash) mʼa(zo)l

Valency pattern: NOM_pe
X: NOM
Y: pe
Locus: Y
o Murš-a mʼa-l pe les-te
art . m . dir . sg pn - nom . sg resemble- prs .3 sg on he- loc
‘Murša resembles him.’
Note: The preposition is obligatory with pronouns. With nominal Y’s the binominative construction is possible.

Romanian a semănă

Valency pattern: NOM_cu
X: NOM
Y: cu
Locus: Y
Petru seamănă cu Maria
pn resemble. prs .3 sg with pn
‘Petru resembles Maria.’

Russian poxož + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Pet-ja poxož na Maš-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg similar[ pred . m . sg ] on pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petja resembles Maša.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Rutul (Kina) kikara

Valency pattern: NOM_INTER
X: NOM
Y: INTER
Locus: Y
rasul k-ika-r=a ramazan-ɨ-k
pn ( nom ) pv -1.be.similar. ipfv - cvb =be pn - obl - inter
‘Rasul resembles Ramazan.’

Rutul (Mukhad) kikın

Valency pattern: NOM_CONT
X: NOM
Y: CONT
Locus: Y
murad q'urban-ı-k kika-ra
pn pn - obl - cont resemble. ipf - hab
‘Murad resembles Kurban.’

Rutul (Myukhrek)

Valency pattern: NOM_CONT
X: NOM
Y: CONT
Locus: Y
mırad rasul-ı-ky kika-ra yi
pn pn - obl - cont m .resemble. ipf - cv m . cop
‘Murad resembles Rasul.’

Rutul (Shin-Borch) kiykın

Valency pattern: NOM_CONT
X: NOM
Y: CONT
Locus: Y
murad rahman-ı-k kiyirka-r
pn pn - obl - cont m .resemble. ipf - prs
‘Murad resembles Rahman.’

Rutul (Shinaz) kejkɨ-n

Valency pattern: NOM_CONT
X: NOM
Y: CONT
Locus: Y
basir kejkɨ-j karam-ɨkj
pn n .resemble. pf - aor . m pn - cont
‘Basir resembles Karam.’

Saami (Skolt) leeʹd

Valency pattern: NOM_GENvuakka
X: NOM
Y: GENvuakka
Locus: Y
päʹrnn lij ääʹjj-es vuâkka
boy. sg . nom be. prs .3 sg grandfather. sg . gen - poss .3 sg like
‘The boy resembles his grandfather.’

Sagada riƚinaw joƚ

Valency pattern: ABS_POSS
X: ABS
Y: POSS
Locus: Y
uži riƚinaw joƚ eniw-qo
boy similar cop mother- poss
‘The boy resembles his mother.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Serbian ličiti

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petar liči na Marij-u
pn . nom . sg resemble. prs .3 sg on pn - acc . sg
‘Petar resembles Maria.’

Shughni mūnand vidow

Valency pattern: NOM.NO.CL_EQ
X: NOM.NO.CL
Y: EQ
Locus: Y
Ahmed tar xu bob mūnand
pn eq refl grandfather similar
‘Ahmed resembles his grandfather.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate. In this example, the verb ‘to be’ is non-overt.

Slovak podobať sa

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Peter sa podobá na Mark-a
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ] refl . acc resemble( ipfv ). prs .3 sg on pn ( m )- acc . sg
‘Peter resembles Marek.’

Slovenian biti podoben

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
An-a je podobn-a Katarin-i
pn - nom . sg be. prs .3 sg similar- nom . sg . f pn - dat . sg
‘Ana resembles Katarina.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Spanish parecerse

Valency pattern: SBJ_NDIR.OBJ
X: SBJ
Y: NDIR.OBJ
Locus: Y
Pedro se parec-e a María
pn [ sg . m ] refl .3 sg resemble- prs .3 sg ndir . obj pn [ sg . f ]
‘Pedro resembles Maria.’

Svan x-a-ǯeš (PRS)

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
maizer-Ø gegi-s x-a-ǯeš
pn - nom pn - dat io 3- ver : sup -resemble
‘Maizer resembles Gegi.’

Swedish att likna

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Björn likna-r Mikael
pn resemble- prs pn
‘Björn resembles Mikael.’

Tabasaran (Kandyk)

Valency pattern: ABS_POST.LAT
X: ABS
Y: POST.LAT
Locus: Y
fatima ča-n mama.ji-q-na ʁ-uš-ur=u
pn ( abs ) 3. sg . refl - gen mother- post - lat pf -( h . sg )go- part = cop ( prs )
‘Fatima resembles her mother.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate (participle).

Tagalog ka-hawig

Valency pattern: NA
X: *
Y: *
Locus: *
ka-hawig ni Pedro ang kaniya-ng lolo
com -resemblance pers . gen pn subj 3. sg . dat - lin grandfather
‘Pedro resembles his grandfather.’
Note: Not included in the database because X is expressed as an NP-internal modifier.

Telugu uṁḍu

Valency pattern: NOM_OBLlaga
X: NOM
Y: OBLlaga
Locus: Y
pravīṇ maheṣ lāgā uṁṭāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom pn ( m ). sg . obl like be. npst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen resembles Mahesh.’

Tsakhur akar ıхhay

Valency pattern: NOM_CONT
X: NOM
Y: CONT
Locus: Y
murad rasul-ı-k vo-r akar
pn pn - obl - cont cop - h ( m )resemble. ipf
‘Murad resembles Rasul.’

Tswana tshwana

Valency pattern: SBJ_le
X: SBJ
Y: le
Locus: Y
ngw-ana o-tshwan-a le-Ø-rra-agwe
sg -child(1) s i :cl1-resemble- fv com - sg -father-adp i :cl1
‘The child resembles his father.’

Turkish benzemek

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Mehmet dede-si Kemal-e benzi-yor
pn grandfather- p .3 pn - dat be_similar- prs
‘Mehmet resembles his grandfather Kemal.’

Turoyo šobəh

Valency pattern: SBJ.SS_IO
X: SBJ.SS
Y: IO
Locus: Y
Gabriyel ko-šobəh l Yuḥanən
pn prs -resemble. ipfv .3 m to pn
‘Gabriyel resembles Yuḥanən.’

Twi sε

Valency pattern: TR
X: SBJ
Y: DO
Locus: TR
Kofi sε nana
pn resemble. prs grandfather
‘Kofi resembles grandfather.’

Udi oşq'ar

Valency pattern: ABS_DAT
X: ABS
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Ram Şam-a=ne oşq'ar
pn pn - dat =3 sg similar
‘Ram resembles Sham.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Udmurt tupani̮

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Pet'a Miša-li̮ tupa
pn . nom pn - dat be_similar. prs .3 sg
‘Petja is similar to Misha.’

Ukrainian sxožyj + COP

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC
X: NOM
Y: naACC
Locus: Y
Petr-o sxož-yj na Marij-u
pn ( m )- nom . sg similar- nom . m . sg on pn ( f )- acc . sg
‘Petro resembles Mariya.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Ulcha bi-

Valency pattern: NOM_CMPR
X: NOM
Y: CMPR
Locus: Y
əj xusə piktə dām-bi=məčilə bī-n
this male child grandfather- refl . sg = cmpr be. prs -3 sg
‘This boy resembles his grandfather.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Uzbek o’xšamoq

Valency pattern: NOM_DAT
X: NOM
Y: DAT
Locus: Y
Petya Miša-ga o’xša-y-di
pn pn - dat resemble- prs 2-3 sg
‘Petja resembles Miša.’

Wolof mel

Valency pattern: SBJ_ni
X: SBJ
Y: ni
Locus: Y
Omar dafa bëgg-a mel ni Sàmba
pn f oc v .s i :3 sg want- aux resemble like pn
‘Omar wants to be like Sàmba.’

Yukaghir (Northern) ban=

Valency pattern: NOM_langudeng
X: NOM
Y: langudeng
Locus: Y
Sǝmiǝn Əkulˈǝ lа-ŋudǝ bаn-i
pn pn side- dir be- intr .3 sg
‘Semien resembles Akulina.’
Note: Non-verbal predicate.

Zazaki

Valency pattern: SBJ.INTR_ro.PREP
X: SBJ.INTR
Y: ro.PREP
Locus: Y
oxir ʃi-jo ro=kalɨk-e xo
pn go. pst -3 sg . m to=grandfather- ez . m refl
‘Oxir resembles his grandfather.’