‘try to catch’
| Argument frame: |
X
(try to catch)
Y
|
| Stimulus sentence: |
(The cat sprang out of the house.)
P.
is trying to catch
the cat
.
|
| Predicate label Ru: |
ловить
|
| Argument frame Ru: |
X
(ловить)
Y
(-а)
|
| Stimulus sentence Ru: |
(Кошка выскочила из дома).
П.
ловит
кошку
.
|
Abaza
ʕa-ḳə
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| a-phʷə́spa |
a-cgʷə́ |
ʕá-l-ḳ-əj-d |
|
def
-girl
|
def
-cat
|
cisl
-3
sg
.
f
.
erg
-try_to_catch-
prs
-
dcl
|
| ‘The girl is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
qe-wəbətə
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| pŝaŝe-m |
čʼetəwə-r |
q-j-e-wəbətə |
|
girl-
obl
|
cat-
abs
|
csl
-3
sg
.
erg
-
dyn
-catch
|
| ‘The girl is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Aghul
fac.a-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan.a |
kitan |
fac.a-a |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
cat
|
catch.
ipf
-
prs
|
| ‘Aslan is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Akhvakh (Northern)
bixuruƛa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| pataħi-de |
keto |
b-ix-ere |
godi |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat
|
n
-hold-
simul
|
n
.
cop
|
| ‘Patahi is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Andi (Zilo)
<b>-itʃː.i-r
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ali-di |
ɡedu |
b-itʃː.i-r |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat[
an
][
nom
]
|
an
-catch.
pst
-
prog
|
| ‘Ali is catching the cat.’ |
Arabic (Jewish Baghdadi)
lzm
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Abrahām |
qa-yǝlzǝm-a |
l-ǝl-bǝzzūna |
|
pn
|
prs
-catch.
ipf
.3
ms
-
o
.3
fs
|
to-
art
-cat
|
| ‘Abraham is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Arabic (Northern Syrian)
dak
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Mḥammad |
yəduk |
əl-bəssa |
|
pn
|
catch.
ipfv
.3
m
|
def
-cat
|
| ‘Muhammad is catching the cat.’ |
Arabic (South Levantine, Nazareth)
m.s.k
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Shadi |
ʿam |
biḥawel |
yimsek |
bisse |
|
pn
|
prog
|
try.
prs
.3
m
.
sg
|
catch.
prs
.3
m
.
sg
|
cat
|
| ‘Shadi is trying to catch a cat.’ |
Arabic (standard)
masaka
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Badr-un |
yamsiku |
qiṭṭat-a-n |
|
pn
-
nom
|
seize.
ipf
.3
m
|
cat(
f
)-
acc
-
indef
|
| ‘Badr is trying to catch a cat.’ |
Archi
-sas
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| paša |
gatu |
ba-sa-r-ši |
w-i |
|
pn
|
cat
|
3-catch-
ipfv
-
advz
|
1-be
|
| ‘Pasha is trying to catch the cat.’ |
| Note: Binominative construction resolves into transitive. |
Armenian (Eastern)
bŕnel
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DAT~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Petros-ə |
katvi-n |
bŕnum+ē |
|
pn
[
nom
]-
def
|
cat:
dat
-
def
|
seize:
prs
:3
sg
|
| ‘Petros is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
davək
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| brata |
bədvak-o=la |
+kaṭu |
|
girl(
f
)
|
seize.
prog
-
p
.3
f
=3
f
|
cat(
f
)
|
| ‘The girl is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Avar
kkeze
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ʕali |
w-ugo |
keto |
kkole-w |
|
pn
|
m
-
cop
|
cat
|
catch.
ipf
.
ptcp
-
m
|
| ‘Ali is trying to catch the cat.’ |
| Note: This is a transitive verb. The bi-nominative construction is triggered by the progressive construction. |
Azerbaijani
tutmaq
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Aslan |
pişiyi |
tut-ur |
|
pn
|
cat.
acc
|
catch-
ipfv
(3)
|
| ‘Aslan is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Bafut
nkô
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| àmbɛ́ |
à |
nkô-tɨ̀ |
bùʃí |
wá |
|
pn
|
sm
|
catch-
ipfv
|
cat
|
def
|
| ‘Ambe is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Bambara
ɲíni + kà mìnɛ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Sékù |
bɛ |
ɲíni |
kà |
wùlu` |
mìnɛ |
|
pn
|
ipfv
|
search
|
inf
|
dog\
art
|
catch
|
| ‘Seku is trying to catch the dog.’ |
Bartangi
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Ahmed |
piš |
inǰiv-d |
|
pn
|
cat
|
catch-3
sg
|
| ‘Ahmed is catching the cat.’ |
Belarusian
lavić
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Alieś |
lov-ić |
košk-u |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
catch(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
cat-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Ales is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Budugh
surqhu
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan-ır |
gaç |
surqhu-ra'vi |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat
|
hold.
ipfv
-
prog
|
| ‘Aslan is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Bulgarian
opitvam se da ulovya
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Petăr |
se |
opitva |
da |
ulovi |
kotka-ta |
|
pn
|
refl
|
try(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
subj
|
catch(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
cat-
def
.
f
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Catalan
intentar atrapar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| en |
Pere |
està |
intent-ant |
atrap-ar |
el |
gat |
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
be.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
try-
ger
|
catch-
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
cat(
m
)
|
| ‘Pere is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Chechen
laaca
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| Islam-as |
cicig |
locu |
|
i
-
erg
|
cat.
abs
|
catch.
prs
|
| ‘Islam is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Chinese (Mandarin)
shì zhe qù zhuā
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Zhāngsān |
shì |
zhe |
qù |
zhuā |
nè-zhī |
máo |
|
pn
|
try
|
dur
|
go
|
catch
|
that-
clf
|
cat
|
| ‘Zhangsan is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Chirag
b-uci
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| ʡa̰li-le |
kːata |
b-urc-le |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat(
abs
)
|
n
.
sg
-catch:
ipf
-
prs
.
dur
.3
|
| ‘Ali is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Croatian
hvatati
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Per-o |
hvata |
mačk-u |
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
try.to.catch(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
cat-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Pero is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Czech
snažit se ulovit
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr |
se |
snaží |
ulovi-t |
kočk-u |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
try(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
catch(
pfv
)-
inf
|
cat(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petr is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Danish
prøve at fange
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
prøve-r |
at |
fange |
katt-en |
|
pn
|
try-
prs
|
to
|
catch.
inf
|
cat(
c
)-
def
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Dargwa (Itsari)
B-urc-uj
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| Islam-il |
mazi |
b-urc-a=ca-b |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat(
abs
)
|
n
-catch.
ipfv
-
prs
=
cop
-
n
|
| ‘Islam is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Dargwa (Kadar)
CL-uc-es / CL-urc-es
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| meħamad-li |
katu |
b-urc-u-le |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat
|
n
-catch.
ipfv
-
prs
-
cvb
|
| ‘Muhammad is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Dargwa (Kaytag)
bucara
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Petja-l |
bizi |
b-urc-ul=ca |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat
|
n
-catch.
ipf
-
prog
.
cvb
=
cop
(3)
|
| ‘Petja is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Dargwa (Kubachi)
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| čitu-di-l |
wasa |
b-us-aj |
|
cat-
obl
-
erg
|
mouse
|
n
-catch.
pfv
-3.
aor
.
tr
|
| ‘The cat caught the mouse.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Dargwa (Tsudakhar)
b-uc-iz/b-urc-iz
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG/LOC(LAT) |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| kːata-le |
waca |
b-urc-ule=sab |
|
cat-
erg
/
loc
(
lat
)
|
mouse
|
n
-catch.
ipfv
-
prog
.
cnv
=
cop
:
n
(3)
|
| ‘The cat is trying to catch a mouse.’ |
Dargwa (Tsugni)
b-uc-i / b-urc-i
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| kːata-li |
waca |
b-urc-ule=cabi |
|
cat-
erg
|
mouse
|
n
-catch.
ipfv
-
cnv
.
prog
=
cop
:
n
(3)
|
| ‘The cat is trying to catch the mouse.’ |
Dutch
te vangen proberen
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Piet |
probeer-t |
de |
kat |
te |
vang-en |
|
pn
(
c
)
|
try-3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
c
|
cat(С)
|
inf
|
catch-
inf
|
| ‘Piet is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Enets (Forest)
nɔɔjru
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| kasa-jʔ |
buzuj |
te-da |
nɔɔjra |
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
agile
|
reindeer-
obl
.
sg
.3
sg
|
catch(
ipfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
| ‘My friend is trying to catch an agile reindeer’. |
English
try to catch
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
is |
trying |
to |
catch |
the |
cat. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Estonian
üritama kinni püüda
|
Valency pattern:
NOM_PART
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: PART |
| Locus: Y |
| Peeter |
ürita-b |
kassi |
kinni |
püüd-a |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
try-
prs
.3
sg
|
cat.
sg
.
part
|
closed
|
catch-
inf
|
| ‘Peeter is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Finnish
yrittää saada … kiinni
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pekka |
yritt-ää |
saa-da |
kissa-n |
kiinni |
|
pn
.
nom
|
try-
prs
.3
sg
|
get-
inf
|
cat-
gen
|
caught
|
| ‘Pekka is trying to catch the cat.’ |
French
attraper
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Paul |
attrape |
son |
chat |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
catch.
prs
.3
sg
|
one’s.
sg
.
m
|
cat(
m
)
|
| ‘Paul is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Gascon
gaha
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pau |
gaha |
son |
gat |
|
pn
|
catch.
prs
.3
sg
|
one’s.
sg
.
m
|
cat
|
| ‘Pau is trying to catch his cat.’ |
Gban
kɛ̀ + kṵ̋
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Zá̰ |
‶ |
kɛ̏ |
y |
ȁ |
í |
sèfṵ̋ |
kṵ̋ |
|
pn
|
3
sg
|
ipfv
\want
|
3
sg
|
s/he/it
|
gen
|
cat
|
ipfv
\catch
|
| ‘Zan is trying to catch his cat.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because the intended meaning is expressed by a combination of two clauses. |
Georgian
Ø-i-č'er-s (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| p'et're-Ø |
k'at'a-s |
Ø-i-č'er-s |
|
pn
-
nom
|
cat-
dat
|
do
3-
ver
:
s
-catch-
s
3
sg
|
| ‘Petre is trying to catch the cat.’ |
German
zu fangen versuchen
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Karl |
versuch-t, |
die |
Katze |
zu |
fangen |
|
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
try-
prs
.
sg
|
def
.
f
.
acc
.
sg
|
cat[
acc
.
sg
]
|
to
|
catch.
inf
|
| ‘Karl is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Hebrew (modern)
menas-e litpos
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pinχas |
menas-e |
litpos |
et |
ha |
χatul |
|
pn
|
try[
ptcp
]-
sg
.
m
|
catch[
inf
]
|
do
|
def
|
cat
|
| ‘Pinchas is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Hindi
pakaṛne kī košiš karnā
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pratīk |
billī |
ko |
pakaṛn-e |
kī |
košiš |
kar |
rah-ā |
hɛ |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
dir
|
cat(
f
).
sg
.
obl
|
acc
/
dat
|
catch.
inf
-
obl
|
adjz
.
f
|
attempt(
f
).
sg
.
dir
|
do
|
dur
-
m
.
sg
|
prs
.3
sg
|
| ‘Prateek is trying to catch a cat.’ |
Indonesian (standard)
me-nangkap
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Dewi |
me-nangkap |
kucing |
|
pn
|
act
-catch
|
cat
|
| ‘Dewi is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Irish
iarr breith
|
Valency pattern:
SBJ_ar
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ar |
| Locus: Y |
| Tá |
Pól |
ag |
iarraidh |
breith |
air |
an |
gcat. |
|
be.
prs
|
pn
|
at
|
try.
nmlz
|
catch
|
on
|
def
|
cat
|
| ‘Pól is trying to catch the cat.’ |
| Note: The verb is nominalized as part of the progressive construction. |
Italian
cercare di catturare
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Leo |
cerc-a |
di |
cattur-are |
il |
gatt-o |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
look_for-3
sg
.
prs
|
of
|
catch-
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
cat-
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Leo tries to catch the cat.’ |
Karata
bikkaɬa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| ʕali |
isso |
b-ikk-idja |
idja |
|
pn
|
cat
|
n
-hold-
ipf
|
cop
|
| ‘Ali is trying to catch the cat.’ |
| Note: This structure is binominative because of the progressive. The verb is transitive. |
Kazakh
awla
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
mïsïq-tï |
awla-p |
žür |
|
pn
|
cat-
acc
|
catch-
cvb
|
go.3
sg
|
| ‘Petya is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Khanty (Kazym)
katǝλti
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pet’a-j-en |
kǎt’i-j-ǝλ |
katλ-əλ |
|
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
cat-
ep
-
poss
.3
sg
|
try_to_catch-
npst
[3
sg
]
|
| ‘Petja is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Khoekhoe
ǃkhō tsâ
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Petru-b |
ge |
ǀhôa-s-a |
ra |
ǃkhō |
tsâ |
|
pn
-3
m
.
sg
|
decl
|
cat-3
f
.
sg
-
obl
|
ipfv
|
catch
|
try
|
| ‘Peter is trying to catch the cat.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause. |
Khwarshi
aqaχa
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| šamil-i |
b-aqaχ-χo |
k'it'u |
|
pn
-
erg
|
iii
-catch-
prs
|
cat(
iii
)
|
| ‘Shamil is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Komi-Permyak
кутны
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Петя |
кут-ӧ |
кань |
|
pn
|
ловить-
prs
.3
|
кошка
|
| ‘Петя ловит кошку.' |
Komi-Zyrian
kutni̮
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet'a |
kut-e̮ |
kań-e̮s |
|
pn
|
catch-
prs
.3
|
cat-
acc
|
| ‘Petja is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Kpelle (Guinean)
kpɛ̌ɛ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pépèe |
àá |
ǹókòlò |
kpɛ̌ɛ |
|
pn
|
3
sg
.
pfv
|
def
\child
|
chase
|
| ‘Pepee chased the child.’ |
Kryz (Alik)
yuqhruz iukva xhiyic
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| terlan-iz |
gaç |
yuqhr-uz |
iukva-cu |
|
pn
-
dat
|
cat
|
f
.catch.
pfv
-
inf
|
f
.want.
pfv
-
perf
.
f
|
| ‘Terlan wants to catch the cat.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause. |
Kryz (Ismayilli)
yiqhuric
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan-ir |
pişuk |
yirqh-uro |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat
|
catch.
ipf
-
prs
.
f
|
| ‘Aslan is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Kryz (proper)
üqhric
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| aslan-ir |
gaç |
ürqhu-ra |
ʕacu |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat
|
f
.hold.
ipf
-
simul
|
be_in.
f
|
| ‘Aslan is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Kumyk
tutmaq
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| patimat |
mišik-ni |
tut-a |
|
pn
|
cat-
acc
|
get.hold-3
sg
|
| ‘Patimat is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Kurdish (Sorani)
girtin
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ.TR |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Hîwa |
xerîk-e |
piʂîle-ke |
de-gir-ê |
|
pn
|
busy-be.
prs
.3
sg
|
cat-
def
|
ind
-catch.
prs
-3
sg
|
| ‘Hiwa is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish)
girtin (tr)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ.TR |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| zilam |
pisik-ê |
di-gir-e |
|
man
|
cat-
obl
.
f
|
prs
-catch.
ipfv
-3
sg
|
| ‘The man is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Lak (Quba)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: GEN |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Maħammad |
d-uh-la-j |
ur |
čːitu |
|
pn
|
4-catch-
ipfv
-
cvb
.
ipfv
|
1.be.
prs
.3
p
|
cat
|
| ‘Mohammad is trying to catch the cat.’ |
| Note: This structure is binominative because of the TAM form. The verb is transitive. |
Latin
capto
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| (ille |
qui) |
pavid-um-que |
lepor-em |
capta-t |
|
that.
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
which.
nom
.
sg
.
m
|
fearsome-
acc
.
sg
-and
|
hair(
m
)-
acc
.
sg
|
catch[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
sg
|
| ‘... (one who) catches a trembling hare.’ |
| Note: (Hor. Ep. 2, 36) |
Laz
o-č'op-u
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Käzim-i-k |
k'at'u-Ø |
Ø-č'op-un-s |
|
pn
-
b
-
erg
|
cat-
nom
|
do
3-catch-
sm
-
s
3
sg
|
| ‘Käzim is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Lezgian (Yargun)
qan
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Sahib-a |
kkaç |
qa-zva |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat
|
take.
ipfv
-
prs
|
| ‘Sahib is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Macedonian
brka
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar |
ja |
brka |
mačka-ta |
|
pn
|
pro
.3
sg
.
f
.
acc
|
catch(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
cat(
f
).
sg
-
art
.
f
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Maltese
ipprova jaqbad
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Ġwann |
jipprova |
jaqbad |
‘il-qattus |
|
pn
|
try.
ipf
.
m
.3
sg
|
catch.
ipf
.
m
.3
sg
|
def
-cat
|
| ‘Ġwann is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Maninka (Eastern)
mìna
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Sékù |
bára |
à |
lá |
wùlu` |
mìna. |
|
pn
|
prf
|
3
sg
|
poss
|
dog\
art
|
catch
|
| ‘Seku has caught his dog.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because this translation is semantically inaccurate. |
Mano
kṵ́
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| lɛ̄ |
lūúgɔ̰̀à̰nɛ́ɛ́ |
kṵ́-pɛ̀lɛ̀ |
|
3
sg
.
exi
|
wild.cat
|
catch-
inf
|
| ‘S/he is trying to catch a wild cat’ |
Mansi (Northern)
puwi
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pājel |
puw-i |
kati |
|
pn
|
try_to_catch-
npst
.3
sg
|
cat
|
| ‘Pasha is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Mehweb
-uces
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| Pajzula |
le-w |
il |
b-ulc-uwe |
|
pn
|
be-
m
|
this
|
n
-get.hold.of:
ipfv
-
cvb
|
| ‘Pajzula is trying to catch it.’ |
| Note: Binominative construction resolves into transitive. |
Mingrelian
Ø-č'op-un-s (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| čelo-Ø |
k'at'u-s |
Ø-č'op-un-s |
|
pn
-
nom
|
cat-
dat
|
do
3-catch-
sm
-
s
3
sg
|
| ‘Chelo is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Nanai
ǯapajča-
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Petia |
kəksə-wa |
ǯapa-jča-j-ni |
|
pn
|
cat-
obl
|
take-
des
-
npst
-
p
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petia is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Nivkh
pоjmd
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kaskazik |
kəsk |
pоjm-d |
|
pn
|
cat
|
try.to.catch-
ind
|
| ‘Kaskazik is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å prøve å fange
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Per |
prøve-r |
å |
fange |
katt-en |
|
pn
|
try-
prs
|
inf
|
catch
|
cat-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
| ‘Per is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Oromo (West Central)
k'abuuf jaala
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| gurbaa-n |
adurr-ittii |
k'abuu-f |
jaal-aa |
dʒir-a |
|
boy-
nom
|
cat-
def
.
abs
|
catch.
inf
-to
|
try-
prog
|
aux
-3
sg
.
m
.
npst
|
| ‘The boy is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Persian
gereftan
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Ahmad |
gorbe-rā |
mi-gir-ad |
|
pn
|
cat-
acc
|
cont
-take.
prs
-3
sg
|
| ‘Ahmad is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Polish
łapać
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| dziewczynk-a |
łapie |
kot-a |
|
girl-
nom
.
sg
|
catch:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
cat-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘The girl is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Portuguese (Brazilian)
apanhar
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
está |
apanh-ando |
o |
gato |
|
pn
(
m
)
|
cop
_
prog
.3
sg
.
prs
|
catch-
prog
|
def
.
m
|
cat(
m
)
|
| ‘Pedro is catching the cat.’ |
Romani (Kalderash)
astarəl
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| o |
Murš-a |
astar-əl |
la |
myc-a |
|
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
catch-
prs
.3
sg
|
def
.
f
.
obl
|
cat-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Murša is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Romanian
a încerca să prindă
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petru |
încearcă |
să |
prindă |
pisic-a |
|
pn
|
try.
prs
.3
sg
|
sbrd
|
catch.
conj
.
prs
.3
sg
|
cat-
def
.
dir
|
| ‘Petru is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Russian
lovitʹ
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet-ja |
lov-it |
košk-u |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
try_to_catch(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
cat(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petja is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Rutul (Kina)
χowɨrq’ara
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| rasul-a |
get |
χo-w-ɨrq’-a-r=a |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat(
nom
)
|
pv
-3-catch.
ipfv
-
cvb
=be
|
| ‘Rasul is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Rutul (Mukhad)
χaq'ın
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| murad-a |
gaˤt |
χıvırq'a-ra |
a |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat
|
a
.
ipf
.catch-
simul
|
be_in
|
| ‘Murad is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Rutul (Myukhrek)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| duxvar-a |
get |
xvavulga-ra |
|
son.
obl
-
erg
|
cat
|
a
.catch.
ipf
-
cv
|
| ‘The son is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Rutul (Shin-Borch)
faqhın
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| murad-a |
gaˤt |
favaqha-r |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat
|
a
.catch.
ipf
-
prs
|
| ‘Murad is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Rutul (Shinaz)
χavqhɨ-n
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| basir |
χavqha-r |
a |
get |
|
pn
(
erg
)
|
a
.catch.
ipf
-
simul
|
exist
|
cat
|
| ‘Basir is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Saami (Skolt)
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Peâtt |
strääžž, |
što |
tääʹvteʹ-čč-i |
kaazz |
|
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
try.
prs
.3
sg
|
comp
|
grab-
cond
-3
sg
|
cat.
sg
.
acc
|
| ‘Pete is trying to catch the cat.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause. |
Sagada
biqera
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| pazilat-e |
b-iqer-xo |
k’et’u |
|
pn
-
erg
|
iii
-catch-
prs
|
cat(
iii
)
|
| ‘Pazilat is catching the cat.’ |
Serbian
juriti
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petar |
juri |
mačk-u |
|
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
try.to.catch.
prs
.3
sg
|
cat-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petar is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Shughni
anǰīvdow
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM.CL |
| Y: OBL |
| Locus: TR |
| Ahmed |
pīš |
anǰīv-d |
|
pn
|
cat
|
catch-3
sg
|
| ‘Ahmed is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Slovak
snažiť sa chytiť
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Peter |
sa |
snaží |
chyti-ť |
mačk-u |
|
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
refl
.
acc
|
try(
ipfv
).
prs
.3
sg
|
catch(
pfv
)-
inf
|
cat(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Peter is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Slovenian
loviti
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| deklic-a |
lovi |
mačk-o |
|
girl-
nom
.
sg
|
try_to_catch:
ipfv
.
prs
.3
sg
|
cat-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘The girl is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Spanish
tratar de coger
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Pedro |
trat-a |
de |
coge-r |
a=l |
gato |
|
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
try-
prs
.3
sg
|
from
|
grasp-
inf
|
dir
.
obj
.
anm
=
art
.
def
.
sg
.
m
|
cat[
sg
.
m
]
|
| ‘Pedro is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Svan
Ø-i-rm-i (PRS)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| maizer-Ø |
cicw-s |
Ø-i-rm-i |
|
pn
-
nom
|
cat-
dat
|
do
3-
ver
:
s
-catch-
prs
|
| ‘Maizer is trying to catch a cat.’ |
Swedish
att försöka fånga
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Björn |
försök-er |
fånga |
katt-en |
|
pn
|
try-
prs
|
catch.
inf
|
cat-
def
.
c
.
sg
|
| ‘Björn is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Tabasaran (Kandyk)
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS |
| Locus: TR |
| maˁhaˁmad-ǯi |
gatu |
b-is-ura |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat(
abs
)
|
n
.
sg
-catch-
prs
|
| ‘Mahamad is catching the cat.’ |
Tagalog
hulihin
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ACT |
| Y: UND |
| Locus: TR |
| h<in>u~huli |
ni |
Pedro |
ang |
pusa |
|
<
pv
>
ipfv
~catch
|
pers
.
gen
|
pn
|
subj
|
cat
|
| ‘Pedro is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Telugu
paṭṭukovadāniki prayatniṁcu
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| pravīṇ |
pilli-ni |
paṭṭukōvaḍāni-ki |
prayatnistunnāḍu |
|
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
cat(
n
).
sg
.
obl
-
acc
|
take_hold.
vn
.
obl
-
dat
|
try.
dur
.3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘Praveen is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Tsakhur
avqhiy
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: NOM |
| Locus: TR |
| murad-ee |
bisiy |
avqhu-na |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat
|
a
.catch.
pf
-
a
|
| ‘Murad is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Tswana
leka tshwara
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| le-podisi |
le-lek-a |
go-tshwar-a |
le-godu |
|
sg
-policeman(5)
|
s
i
:cl5-try-
fv
|
inf
-catch-
fv
|
sg
-thief(5)
|
| ‘The policeman is trying to catch the thief.’ |
Turkish
yakalamak
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Mehmet |
kedi-yi |
yakalı-yor |
|
pn
|
cat-
acc
|
catch-
prs
|
| ‘Mehmet is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Turoyo
mǧarəb zobəṭ
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| Gabriyel |
ko-mǧarəb |
d |
zobəṭ |
i |
qaṭən |
|
pn
|
prs
-try.
ipfv
.3
m
|
cmp
|
catch.
ipfv
.3
m
|
art
.
f
|
cat(
f
)
|
| ‘Gabriyel tries to catch the cat.’ |
| Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed as an NP within a dependent clause. |
Twi
kyere
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| Kofi |
re-kyere |
ᴐkra |
no |
|
pn
|
prog
-catch
|
cat
|
def
|
| ‘Kofi is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Udi
biq'es
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: ERG |
| Y: ABS/DAT |
| Locus: TR |
| Alek'sey-en |
pişik'-ə=ne |
biq'-sa |
|
pn
-
erg
|
cat-
dat
=3
sg
|
seize-
prs
|
| ‘Aleksey is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Udmurt
uji̮li̮ni̮
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Pet'a |
koči̮š-jez |
uji̮le |
|
pn
.
nom
|
cat-
acc
|
catch.
prs
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Ukrainian
lovyty
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petr-o |
lov-yt’ |
kyc’k-u |
|
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
try_to_catch(
ipfv
)-
prs
.3
sg
|
cat(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
| ‘Petro is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Ulcha
*
|
Valency pattern:
NA
|
| X: * |
| Y: * |
| Locus: * |
| * |
|
*
|
| * |
| Note: No satisfactory translation has been obtained. |
Uzbek
ušlab olmoq
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Petya |
mušuk-ni |
ušla-b |
ol-moqči |
|
pn
|
cat-
acc
|
catch-
cvb
|
take-
fut
.3
sg
|
| ‘Petja is trying to catch the cat.’ |
Wolof
jéema jàpp
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ |
| Y: OBJ |
| Locus: TR |
| alkaati |
b-i |
dafa-y |
jéem-a |
jàpp |
sàcc |
b-i |
|
policeman(
b
)
|
cl
b
-
def
|
f
oc
v
.s
i
:3
sg
-
incpl
|
try-
aux
|
catch
|
thief(
b
)
|
cl
b
-
def
|
| ‘The policeman is trying to catch the thief.’ |
Yukaghir (Northern)
taŋudu=
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: NOM |
| Y: ACC |
| Locus: TR |
| Sǝmiǝn |
lа̄mǝ-d-uo-lǝ |
tаŋu-du-nu-m |
|
pn
|
dog-
gen
-baby-
acc
|
chase-
mult
-
ipf
-
tr
.3
sg
|
| ‘Semien is chasing a puppy.’ |
Zazaki
|
Valency pattern:
TR
|
| X: SBJ.TR |
| Y: DO |
| Locus: TR |
| o |
pɨsɨnɡɛ |
tɛpɨʃ-ɛn-o |
|
3
sg
.
m
.
abs
|
cat
|
catch.
prs
-
aug
-3
sg
.
m
|
| ‘He is trying to catch the cat.’ |