BivalTyp

Show Russian meta:

‘forget’

Argument frame:

X (forget) (about) Y

Stimulus sentence:

(P. had already visited this town and knew that there is a shorter road. When he went there once again this time, however, he chose the longer road.) P. forgot (about) the other road .

Predicate label Ru:

забывать

Argument frame Ru:

X (забывать) об Y -е

Stimulus sentence Ru:

(П. однажды уже ездил в этот город и знал, что туда есть более короткая дорога. Но сейчас он поехал туда снова и выбрал более длинную). П. забыл о другой дороге .

Abaza [q-]aštəl

Valency pattern: LOCq_ABS

X: LOCq

Y: ABS

Locus: X

murád	jəʕʷbaχəwz	a-mʕʷa	j-q-áštəl-(χ-)ṭ
pn	second	def -road	3 sg . m . io - loc -forget( aor )-( re )- dcl
‘Murad forgot about the other road.’

Adyghe (West Circassian) šʼə-ʁʷəpše

Valency pattern: LOC_ABS

X: LOC

Y: ABS

Locus: X

č̣ʼale-m	adre–ʁʷegʷə-r	šʼə-ʁʷəpša-ʁ
guy- obl	other–road- abs	loc -forget- pst
‘The guy forgot about the other road.’

Aghul k’ʷal-as š.u-

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

aslan.a-s	saje	reqː	k’ʷal-as	š.u-ne
pn - dat	other	road	in.memory- elat	leave. pf - aor
‘Aslan forgot about the other road.’

Alik Kryz sauxvana varic

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

terlan-ir	la	sab	rix	sauxvana	var-cu
pn - erg	that	one. f . nom	road( f )	f .forget. cvb	f .do. pfv - perf . f
‘Terlan forgot the other road.’

Archi e-χmus

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

paša-s	osːu-b	deqʼˁ	e<b>χni-li
pn - dat	other-3	way	<3>forget. pfv - cvb ( evid )
‘Pasha forgot about the other road.’

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic manšə

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

yala	munšiyy-o=l	crita	urxa
boy( m )	forget. res . m - p .3 f =3 m	short. f	way( f )
‘The boy forgot about the other road.’

Avar k’očeze

Valency pattern: LOC_NOM

X: LOC

Y: NOM

Locus: X

ʕali-da	k’očon	t-ana	cogida-b	nuχ
pn - loc	forget. seq	leave- aor	other- n	way
‘Ali forgot the other road.’

Azerbaijani unutmaq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Aslan	digǝr	yol-u	unud-ub
pn	other	road- acc	forget- perf (3)
‘Aslan forgot about the other road.’

Bafut nlìʔìnə̀

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

àmbɛ́	à	nlìʔìnə̀-mə̂	mânʤì	jídàŋ	wá
pn	sm	forget- p 0	road	other	def
‘Ambe forgot the other road.’

Bambara ɲìnɛ

Valency pattern: SBJ_ko

X: SBJ

Y: ko

Locus: Y

Sékù	ɲìnɛ-na	síra	surun`	kɔ́
pn	forget- pfv . intr	road	short\ art	behind
‘Seku forgot the short road.’

Brazilian Portuguese esquecer-se

Valency pattern: SBJ_de

X: SBJ

Y: de

Locus: Y

Pedro	se	esquec-eu	do	outr-o	caminho
pn ( m )	refl	forget-3 sg . pst	of+ def . m	other- m	way( m )
‘Pedro forgot about the other way.’

Budugh k'eʕan senxi

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

aslan-ır	laʔa	rix	k'eʕan	söxün-cü
pn - erg	other	road( a )	heart. lat	a .forget. pf - aor
‘Aslan forgot about the other road.’

Catalan oblidar

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

en	Pere	va	oblid-ar	l'altre	camí
def . sg . m	pn ( m )	go.3 sg . prs . ind	forget- inf	def . sg . m -other. sg . m	road( m )
‘Pere forgot (about) the other road.’

Chechen AGR-ic-AGR-ella

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

Islam-ana	vazh	niaq’	b-ic-b-ella
pn - dat	other	way. abs	b - pv - b -get. prf
‘Islam forgot about the other road.’

Chirag ʁalat’ b-uχi

Valency pattern: SUPER_ABS

X: SUPER

Y: ABS

Locus: X

ma̰ħmad	ʁalat’	uχ-ub-le	nixːi
pn ( abs )	forget	( m . sg )become: pf - aor - res . prs .3	we. incl ( super )
‘We forgot about Mahamad!’

Czech zapomenout

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC

X: NOM

Y: naACC

Locus: Y

Petr	zapomně-l	na	tu	druh-ou	cest-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	forget( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	on	that. f . acc . sg	other- f . acc . sg	road( f )- acc . sg
‘Petr forgot about that other road.’

Danish glemme

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Peter	arbejde-de	og	glem-te	tid-en
pn	work- pst	and	forget- pst	time( c )- def . sg
‘Peter worked and forgot about the time.’

Dutch vergeten

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Piet	is	de	ander-e	weg	verget-en
pn (С)	cop .3 sg	art . def . c	other- c	road( c )	forget- ptcp
‘Piet forgot (about) the other road.’

Eastern Maninka ɲìna

Valency pattern: SBJ_la

X: SBJ

Y: la

Locus: Y

̀Sékù	bára	ɲìna	síla	sudun`	ná.
pn	prf	forget	road	short\ art	at
‘Seku has forgotten the short road.’

English forget

Valency pattern: SBJ_about

X: SBJ

Y: about

Locus: Y

Peter	forgot	about	the	other	road.

Estonian unustama

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: GEN~PART~NOM

Locus: TR

Peeter	unusta-s	teise	tee
pn . sg . nom	forget- pst .3 sg	other. sg . gen	road. sg . gen
‘Peeter forgot the other road.’

Finnish unohtaa

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: GEN~PART~NOM

Locus: TR

Pekka	unoht-i	toisen	tie-n
pn . nom	forget- pst .3 sg	second. gen	road- gen
‘Pekka forgot about the other road.’

Forest Enets dʲurota

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

modʲi	kasa-jʔ	nɛko	nɔi-ta	sɛxɛri-da	dʲurota-bi-za
i	man- nom . sg .1 sg	other	be_straight( ipfv )- ptcp . sim	road- obl . sg .3 sg	forget( pfv )- prf -3 sg . so sg
‘My friend forgot about another, straight road’.

French oublier

Valency pattern: NA

X: *

Y: *

Locus: *

Paul	a	oublié	qu’	il	existe	un	autre	chemin
pn ( m )	have. prs .3 sg	forget. pst . ptcp . m	that	it	exist. prs .3 sg	indf . sg . m	other. sg . m	road( m )
‘Paul forgot that there was another road.’
Note: Not included in the database because Y is expressed in a dependent clause. The transitive construction ("Paul a oublié l'autre chemin, plus proche") would have a differenr meaning (he forgot the specific way and was unable to follow the shorter road).

Georgian Ø-a-vic'q'-d-eb-a (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

p'et're-s	sxva-Ø	gza-Ø	da-Ø-a-vic'q'-d-a
pn - dat	other- nom	way- nom	prv :downward- io 3- ver : sup -forget- intr - s 3 sg . pst
‘Petre forgot the other road.’

German vergessen

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Karl	vergaß	den	ander-en	Weg
pn [ nom . sg ]	forget. pst .3 sg	def . m . acc . sg	another- m . acc . sg	road[ acc . sg ]
‘Karl forgot about the other road.’

Guinean Kpelle lɛ̌a

Valency pattern: SBJ_bha

X: SBJ

Y: bha

Locus: Y

Pépèe	àá	lɛ̀a	Hɛ́ni	ɓâ
pn	3 sg . prf	forget	pn	on1
‘Pepee forgot Heni.’

Hindi bhūl jānā

Valency pattern: DIR_OBLke.bare.me

X: DIR

Y: OBLke.bare.me

Locus: Y

Pratīk	dūsr-ī	saṛak	ke	bāre	meṁ	bhūl	gay-ā.
pn ( m ). sg . dir	second- f	road( f ). sg . obl	adjz . m . sg . obl	about	in	forget	go. pfv - m . sg
‘Prateek forgot about the other road.’

Icari Dargwa qum-eːrt-araj

Valency pattern: SUPLAT_SUPLAT.CONT

X: SUPLAT

Y: SUPLAT.CONT

Locus: XY

Islam-lij	cara	xːun-nij-čilla	qum-eːrt-ur
pn - suplat	other	road- suplat - cont	forget- lv - aor
‘Islam forgot about the other road.’

Irish déan dearúd

Valency pattern: SBJ_ar

X: SBJ

Y: ar

Locus: Y

Dhein	Pól	dearúd	air	an	mbóthar	eile.
pst /make	pn	oblivion	on	def	road	other
‘Pól forgot (about) the other road.’

Ismayilli Kryz

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

aslan-ir	lasab	rix	k'aʕar	ğaqhur-co
pn - erg	other. f	road	heart. inel	f .take_out. pf - perf . f
‘Aslan forgot about the other road.’

Italian dimenticarsi

Valency pattern: SBJ_di

X: SBJ

Y: di

Locus: Y

Leo	si	è	dimenticat-o	dell’	altr-a	strad-a
pn ( m )	refl	aux .3 sg . prs	forget. pst . ptcp - sg . m	of. def . sg . f	other- sg . f	road- sg . f
‘Leo forgot about the other road.’

Kadar Dargwa qum-art-es / qum-irt-es

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

meħamad-li	qum-art-un	cerħ-il	huni
pn - erg	forget- lv . pfv - pret	another- atr	way
‘Muhammad forgot about the other road.’

Kalderash Romani bystrəl

Valency pattern: NOM_pa

X: NOM

Y: pa

Locus: Y

o	Murš-a	bystər-ď-a	pa	kod-o	drom
art . m . dir . sg	pn - nom . sg	forget- pst -3 sg	with	that- m . dir . sg	road[ nom . sg ]
‘Murša forgot about the other road.’

Kandyk Tabasaran

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

fatima.ji-z	vstreča	k’aʔ-l-an	ʁ-u<b>š-nu
pn - dat	meeting( abs )	heart- super - elat	pf -< n . sg >go- pst
‘Fatima forgot about the meeting.’

Karata bečečaɬa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

ʕalja	cebal	miq’e	b-ečeč-a	b-iχχu	idja
pn . dat	other. n	road	n -forget- pf	n -remain. pf	cop
‘Ali forgot about the other road.’

Kaytag Dargwa qumurtara

Valency pattern: NOM_GENcevtar

X: NOM

Y: GENcevtar

Locus: Y

petja-l	itlil	xune-la	č:evt:ar	qumert-ur
pn - erg	other	road. obl - gen	about	forget. pf - aor
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’

Kazakh umït

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	basqa	žol-dï	umït-tï
pn	other	way- acc	forget- pst 1.3 sg
‘Petya forgot about the other road.’

Kazym Khanty jŏrԑmǝti

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

pet’a-j-en	wan	jǫš-ǝλ	jŏrԑmǝ-s-λe
pn - ep - poss .2 sg	short	road- poss .3 sg	forget- pst -3 sg . so
‘Petja forgot about the short road.’

Khoekhoe ǀuru

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petru-b	ge	nau	dao-b-a	ge	ǀuru
pn -3 m . sg	decl	dist . contr	road-3 m . sg - obl	pst	forget
‘Peter forgot about the other road.’

Khwarshi šuƛ'a

Valency pattern: DAT_ABS

X: DAT

Y: ABS

Locus: X

ilu-l	bit'ura-l	huni	šuƛ'a-na
1 pl - dat	correct- iv	road( iv )	forget- pst . u
‘We forgot the right way.’

Kina Rutul jik’ijla upχur

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

rasulɨ-s	tin-baj-dɨ	raˀq	jik’ij-la	u<p>χu-r
pn . obl - dat	that- contr - attr	road( nom )	heart. obl ( sup )- el	<3> lv . pfv - cvb
‘Rasul forgot about the other road.’

Kryz Proper

Valency pattern: TR

X: ERG

Y: NOM

Locus: TR

aslan-ir	ciraʕa	rix	yik'-aʕar	soxono	vaa	yaʕo
pn - erg	other	road	heart- inel	f .forget	f .do. pf	exist. f
‘Aslan forgot about the other road.’

Kumyk unutmaq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: DO

Locus: TR

basir	birisi	jol-nu	unut-ʁan
pn	other	road- acc	forget- pf
‘Basir forgot the other road.’

Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) ji bîr kirin (tr)

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

zilam	riy-a	din	ji	bîr	kir
man	road- ez . f	another	from	memory	do. pfv . sg
‘The man forgot the other road.’

Latin obliviscor

Valency pattern: NOM_GEN

X: NOM

Y: GEN

Locus: Y

est	enim	propri-um	stultiti-ae	ali-orum	viti-a	cernere,	oblivisc-i	su-orum
be. prs . ind . act .3 sg	indeed	own- nom . sg . n	foolishness( f )- dat . sg	other- gen . pl . m	vice( n )- acc . pl	notice[ prs ]- inf . act	forget[ prs ]- inf . act	one’s_own- gen . pl . n
‘For it is characteristic to foolishness to notice the vices of others and to forget its own.’
Note: (Cic. Tusc. 3, 73)

Laz o-č'k'on-d-u

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Käzim-i-s	hem	gza-Ø	g-Ø-o-č'k'on-d-u
pn - b - dat	dem . dist	way- nom	prv - io 3- ver : sup -forget- intr - s 3 sg . pst
‘Käzim forgot that road.’

Mandarin Chinese wàngjì

Valency pattern: SUB_ba

X: SBJ

Y: ba

Locus: Y

Zhāngsān	bǎ	lìng	yì-tiáo	lù	wàngjì	le
pn	ba	another	one- clf	road	forget	pfv
‘Zhangsan forgot (about) the other road.’
Note: The status of the "bǎ"-construction is controversial.

Mano lèmā

Valency pattern: SBJ_mo

X: SBJ

Y: mo

Locus: Y

ē	lèmā	ŋ̄	mɔ̀
3 sg . pst	forget	1 sg	on
‘S/he forgot about me.’

Mehweb qumartes

Valency pattern: CONT.LAT_NOM

X: CONT.LAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Pajzula-li-ze	ittili	huni	qum-art-ul-le	le-b
pn - obl - cont ( lat )	other	road	forget- lv : pfv - aor - cvb	be- n
‘Pakzula forgot about the other road.’

Mingrelian Ø-o-č'q'or-d-un-Ø (PRS)

Valency pattern: DAT_ERG

X: DAT

Y: ERG

Locus: X

čelo-s	šxva	šara-k	ga-Ø-a-č'q'or-d-(u)
pn - dat	other	road- erg	prv - io 3- ver : sup -forget- intr - s 3 sg . pst
‘Chelo forgot the other road.’

Modern Hebrew ʃaχaχ

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Pinχas	ʃaχaχ	et	ha	dereχ	ha	aχeret
pn	forget[ pst .3 sg . m ]	do	def	road	def	other
‘Pinchas forgot (about) the other road.’

Mukhad Rutul jik'ııla utχun

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

murad-ı-s	mad-dı	raˤqh	jik'-ııla	upχu-ri
pn - obl - dat	other- attr	road. nom ( a )	heart- superel	a .forget. pf - aor
‘Murad forgot about the other road.’

Nanai oŋbo-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: OBL

Locus: TR

Petia	goj-ǯema	pokto-wa	oŋbo-xa-ni
pn	other- restr	road- obl	forget- pst - p .3 sg
‘Petia forgot about the other road.’

Nivkh tχar̥pəd

Valency pattern: SBJ_INS

X: SBJ

Y: INS

Locus: Y

Kaskazik	hu	cif-kir̥	tχar̥pə-d
pn	close . dem	road- ins	forget- ind
‘Kaskazik forgot about the other road.’

Northern Akhvakh hidičeχχuruƛa

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

patħudi-ƛa	hudu	česse	miq’q’i	hidičeχχw-ewi
pn - dat	prox	another	road	forget- perf
‘Pathudi forgot the other road.’

Northern Mansi xotjoruwlaslum

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

am	l’ōŋx-um	xot-joruwl-as-l-um
i	road- poss .1 sg	pfv -forget- pst -3 sg . o -1 sg . s
‘I forgot the road.’

Northern Yukaghir janaspǝjrǝ=

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Sǝmiǝn	wiǝ-n	jаwul-ǝ	mǝ	jаnаspǝ-j-rǝ-m
pn	other- gen	road- acc	aff	forget- pf - caus - tr .3 sg
‘Semien forgot the other road.’

Norwegian Bokmål å glemme

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Per	hadde	glem-t	snarvei-en
pn	have. pst	forget- ptcp	shortcut- def . m . sg
‘Per forgot about the shortcut.’

Polish zapomnieć

Valency pattern: NOM_oLOC

X: NOM

Y: oLOC

Locus: Y

Basi-a	zapomnia-ł-a	o	t-ej	drodz-e
pn - nom . sg	forget: pfv - pst - f .3 sg	about	this- f . loc . sg	road- loc . sg
‘Basia forgot about that road.’

Russian zabytʹ

Valency pattern: NOM_oLOC

X: NOM

Y: oLOC

Locus: Y

Pet-ja	zaby-l	o	drug-oj	dorog-e
pn ( m )- nom . sg	forget( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	about	other- f . loc . sg	road( f )- loc . sg
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’

Serbian zaboraviti

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC

X: NOM

Y: naACC

Locus: Y

Petar	je	zaboravi-o	na	drug-i	put
pn . nom . sg	be. prs .3 sg	forget- part . perf . m . sg	on	other- acc . sg . m	road. acc . sg
‘Petar forgot about the other road.’

Shinaz Rutul hik'i-j upχu-n

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

basir-ɨs	hik'i-j	upχu-r	tinbij-dɨ	raˁqh
pn - dat	heart. obl - super	a (drop). pf - aor	other- attr	road( a )
‘Basir forgot (about) the other road.’

Shughni rinīx̌tow

Valency pattern: NOM_EL

X: NOM

Y: EL

Locus: Y

Azim=i	as	wi	yiga	půnd	rinūx̌-t
pn =3 sg	el	d 3. m . sg . obl	another	road	forget- pst
‘Azim forgot about the other road.’

Skolt Saami väjldõõvvâd

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Peâtt	väjldõõʹv-i	tõn	nuuʹbb	čuõkku
pn . sg . nom	forget- pst .3 sg	dist . sg . acc	other. sg . acc	road. sg . acc
‘Pete forgot (about) the other road.’

Slovak zabudnúť

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC

X: NOM

Y: naACC

Locus: Y

Peter	zabudo-l	na	druh-ú	cest-u
pn ( m )[ nom . sg ]	forget( pfv )- pst [ m . sg ]	on	other- f . acc . sg	road( f )- acc . sg
‘Peter forgot about that other road.’

Slovenian pozabiti

Valency pattern: NOM_naACC

X: NOM

Y: naACC

Locus: Y

Peter	je	pozabi-l	na	pot
pn [ nom . sg ]	aux .3 sg	forget: pfv - lpt [ m . sg ]	on	road[ acc . sg ]
‘Peter forgot about the road.’

Sorani Kurdish le bir̂ cûnewe

Valency pattern: EXT_SBJ.INTR

X: EXT

Y: SBJ.INTR

Locus: X

Hîwa	rê	kurt-eke=î	le	bîr	çot-Ø-ewe
pn	road	short- def =3 sg . pc	from	thought	go. pst -3 sg - asp
‘Hiwa forgot about the shorter road.’
Note: The 3SG.PC morpheme indexes the X argument, see the discussion of "EXT" in the Grammar notes. Lit. ≈ ‘Hiwa, to him the road is gone from memory’.

Southern Rutul k'esqhuduxun

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

murad-ı-s	ma-b-dı	raˤqh	k'esqhubuxu-r
pn - obl - dat	other- a - attr	road( a )	re . a .forget. pf - aor
‘Murad forgot about the other road.’

Spanish olvidarse

Valency pattern: DO_SBJ

X: DO

Y: SBJ

Locus: X

a	Pedro	se	lo/le	olvid-ó	el	otr-o	camino
dir . obj . anm	pn [ sg . m ]	refl .3 sg	he. dir . obj	forget- aor .3 sg	art . def . sg . m	other- sg . m	road[ sg . m ]
‘Pedro forgot about the other way.’

Standard Arabic nasiya

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Badr-un	nasiya	ṭarīq-a-n	Ɂuḫrā
pn - nom	forget. pf .3 m	road( f )- acc - indef	other. f . indef
‘Badr forgot about the other road.’

Svan x-eː-šd(ǝ)n-i (PRS/FUT)

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

maizer-s	išgen	šuk'w-Ø	sga-la-x-äː-šdǝn
pn - dat	other	road- nom	prv : inward - prv : slightly - io 3- ver : sup -forget
‘Maizer forgot the other road.’

Swedish att glömma bort

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Björn	ha-de	glöm-t	bort	den	andr-a	väg-en
pn	have. pst	forget- sup	away	def . c . sg	other- weak	way- def . c . sg
‘Björn had forgotten about the other road.’
Note: Phrasal verb (bort is not a flagging device).

Tagalog

Valency pattern: TR

X: ACT

Y: UND

Locus: TR

na-ka-limut-an	ni	Pedro	ang	iba	pa-ng	daan
pot . pfv - stem -forget- pv	pers . gen	pn	subj	other	clitic- lin	way
‘Pedro forgot about the other road.’
Note: The GEN encoding of the Y is also possible with different NPs, hence ACT_UND.

Telugu māracipōvu

Valency pattern: NOM_OBLgurinci

X: NOM

Y: OBLgurinci

Locus: Y

pravīṇ	vērē	rōḍḍu	guriṁci	māracipōyāḍu
pn ( m ). sg . nom	other	road( n ). sg . obl	about	forget. pst .3 sg . m
‘Praveen forgot about the other road.’

Tsakhur k’elıtхıniy

Valency pattern: ADEL_NOM

X: ADEL

Y: NOM

Locus: X

murad-ı-sse	šenasa	yaˁqh	k’elipхın-na
pn - obl - adel	other. a	road( a )	a .forget. pf - a
‘Murad forgot about the other road.’

Tsudakhar Dargwa qːum k-art-iz/art-iz

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

uršːi-z	it-il	xuni	qum	k-art-ur
boy- dat	dem . dist - cntrs	road	mind	down -put- pret (3)
‘The boy forgot about the other road.’

Tsugni Dargwa qum k-art-i

Valency pattern: DAT_NOM

X: DAT

Y: NOM

Locus: X

rursːi-j	ca=ra	x:uni	leb-ni	qum	k-art-ur
girl- dat	one- add	road	cop . exst . n - msd	mind	down -put- pret (3)
‘The girl forgot about the other road.’
Note: The argument in the nominative is a nominalization (masdar).

Turkish unutmak

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Mehmet	diğer	yol-u	unut-tu
pn	other	way- acc	forget- pst
‘Mehmet forgot about the other road’.

Turoyo ṭoʕe

Valency pattern: SBJ.SS_DO.LS

X: SBJ.SS

Y: DO.LS

Locus: Y

Gabriyel	ṭaʕi	u	darb-awo
pn	forget. pfv .3 m	art . m	road- dem . m
‘Gabriyel forgot the road.’

Twi werεfiri

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: DO

Locus: TR

Kofi	werε-firi-i	kwan	foforᴐ	no
pn	mind-remove- pst	road	other	def
‘Kofi forgot the other road.’

Udmurt вунэтыны

Valency pattern: NOM_NOMsjarys

X: NOM

Y: NOMsjarys

Locus: Y

Петя	мукет	сюрес	сярысь	вунэт-ӥз
pn . nom	other	way. nom	about	forget- pst .3 sg
‘Petja forgot about the other way.’

Ulcha oŋbo-

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

xusə	piktə	goj	pokto-wo	oŋbo-xo-ni
male	child	other	way- acc	forget- pst -3 sg
‘The boy forgot about the other road.’

Uzbek esdan čiqarvolmoq

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ACC

Locus: TR

Petya	bošqa	yo’l-ni	es-dan	čiqarvol-di
pn	another	road- acc	memory- abl	go_out- pst .3 sg
‘Petja forgot about the other road.’

West Central Oromo irraanfata

Valency pattern: TR

X: NOM

Y: ABS

Locus: TR

obsaa-n	karaa	isa	kan	biraa	irraanfat-ee	dʒir-a
pn - nom	road. abs	3 sg . m . abs	of	other. gen	forget- pfv . conv	aux -3 sg . m . npst
‘Obsa forgot the other road.’

Wolof fàtte

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ

Y: OBJ

Locus: TR

dama	bañ	nga	fàtte	ma
f oc v .s i :1 sg	be.afraid	s i :2 sg	forget	o i :1 sg
‘I’m afraid that you’ll forget me.’

Yargun Lezgian rik’alaa alatin

Valency pattern: GEN_NOM

X: GEN

Y: NOM

Locus: X

Sahib-a-n	rikˈ-a-laa	micci	reqh	alat-nva
pn - obl - gen	heart- obl - supel	other	way	pass- prf
‎‎‎‘Sahib forgot about the other road.’
Note: The NP in the genitive displays some properties of a clause-level dependent.

Zazaki

Valency pattern: TR

X: SBJ.TR

Y: DO

Locus: TR

ɛj	raj-a	vɛren-ə	xo	vir=ra	kɛrd-a
3 sg . m . obl	road- ez . f	old- f . abs	refl	memory=from	do. pst -3 sg . f
‘He forgot about the old road.’

Zilo Andi retʃː.o-j

Valency pattern: AFF_NOM

X: AFF

Y: NOM

Locus: X

ali-<b>o	se-b=lo	miqχ’i	retʃː.o-j
pn - aff < inan 1>	one- inan 1= add	road[ inan 1][ nom ]	forget. pst - pf
‘Ali forgot about the other road.’