‘fry’
Argument frame: |
X
(fry)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence: |
P.
fried
the fish
.
|
Predicate label Ru: |
жарить
|
Argument frame Ru: |
X
(жарить)
Y
|
Stimulus sentence Ru: |
П.
пожарил
рыбу
.
|
Abaza
rə.ʒə
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
a-qác̣a |
a-pslaĉá |
j-rə́-ʒ-ṭ |
def
-man
|
def
-fish
|
3
sg
.
m
.
erg
-
caus
-fry-
dcl
|
‘The man fried the fish.’ |
Adyghe (West Circassian)
ʁe-ẑe
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
č̣ʼale-m |
pagʷe-r |
ə-ʁe-ẑa-ʁ |
guy-
obl
|
fish-
abs
|
3
sg
.
erg
-
caus
-fry(intr.)-
pst
|
‘The guy fried the fish.’ |
Aghul
žarit’ q’.u-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
aslan.a |
baluʁ |
žarit’ |
q’.u-ne |
pn
(
erg
)
|
fish
|
<fry>
|
do.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Aslan fried the fish.’ |
Alik Kryz
ğizartmiş varic
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
terlan-ir |
baluğ |
ğizartmiş |
var-du |
pn
-
erg
|
fish(
f
)
|
fry
|
f
.do.
pfv
-
aor
.
f
|
‘Terlan fried the fish.’ |
Archi
čʼarqʼas a-as
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
paša-mu |
χˁabχˁi |
čʼarqʼas |
a<b>u |
pn
-
obl
.
m
(
erg
)
|
fish
|
fry
|
<3>do.
pfv
|
‘Pasha fried the fish.’ |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
kalə
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
sava |
kuli-lə |
nuyna |
old.
m
|
fry(tr).
pst
-
ls
.3
m
|
fish(
f
)
|
‘The oldman fried the fish.’ |
Avar
bežize
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
ʕali-ca |
ččuʕa |
b-ež-ana |
pn
-
erg
|
fish
|
n
-fry-
aor
|
‘Ali fried the fish.’ |
Azerbaijani
qızartmaq
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Aslan |
balığı |
qızar-t-dı |
pn
|
fish.
acc
|
fry-
caus
-
pst
(3)
|
‘Aslan fried the fish.’ |
Bafut
nkàŋə̂
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
àmbɛ́ |
à |
kɨ̀ |
nkàŋə̂ |
fɨ̀bwè |
wá |
pn
|
sm
|
p
2
|
fry
|
fish
|
def
|
‘Ambe fried the fish.’ |
Bambara
jíran
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Sékù |
ye |
jɛ́gɛ` |
jíran |
pn
|
pfv
.
tr
|
fish\
art
|
fry
|
‘Seku fried a fish.’ |
Brazilian Portuguese
cozinhar
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
cozinh-ou |
o |
peixe |
pn
(
m
)
|
cook-3
sg
.
pst
|
def
.
m
|
fish(
m
)
|
‘Pedro cooked the fish.’ |
Budugh
sorʕu
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
aslan-ır |
ba'luğ |
sebʕir-ci |
pn
-
erg
|
fish
|
a
.cook.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Aslan fried the fish.’ |
Catalan
fregir
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
en |
Pere |
va |
freg-ir |
peix |
def
.
sg
.
m
|
pn
(
m
)
|
go.3
sg
.
prs
.
ind
|
fry-
inf
|
fish(
m
)
|
‘Pere fried the fish.’ |
Chechen
qaerzi-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
Islam-as |
ch’aara |
qaerzi-na |
pn
-
erg
|
fish.
abs
|
fry-
prf
|
‘Islam fried the fish.’ |
Chirag
b-erc’i
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
babaj-le |
k’asː |
b-erc’-ib |
mother-
erg
|
fish(
abs
)
|
n
.
sg
-fry:
pf
-
aor
.3
|
‘Mom fried the fish.’ |
Czech
osmažit
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petr |
osmaži-l |
ryb-u |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
fry(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
fish(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petr fried the fish.’ |
Danish
stege
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
steg-te |
fisk-en |
pn
|
fry-
pst
|
fish(
c
)-
def
.
sg
|
‘Peter fried the fish.’ |
Dutch
bakken
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Piet |
heeft |
de |
vis |
ge-bakk-en |
pn
(С)
|
have.3
sg
|
art
.
def
.
c
|
fish(
c
)
|
ptcp
-fry-
ptcp
|
‘Piet fried the fish.’ |
Eastern Maninka
jèni
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Sékù |
kà |
jɛ́ɛ` |
jèni |
túlu` |
lá. |
pn
|
aor
.
tr
|
fish\
art
|
burn
|
oil\
art
|
at
|
‘Seku fried a fish.’ |
English
fry
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Estonian
küpsetama
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Peeter |
küpseta-s |
kala |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
fry-
pst
.3
sg
|
fish.
sg
.
part
|
‘Peeter fried the fish.’ |
Finnish
paistaa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: GEN~PART~NOM |
Locus: TR |
Pekka |
paist-oi |
kala-n |
pn
.
nom
|
fry-
pst
.3
sg
|
fish-
gen
|
‘Pekka fried the fish.’ |
Forest Enets
dʲasi
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
modʲi |
kasa-jʔ |
kare |
dʲasie |
i
|
man-
nom
.
sg
.1
sg
|
fish
|
fry_on_stick(
pfv
).3
sg
.
s
|
‘My friend fried fish’. |
French
faire frire
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Paul |
a |
fait |
frire |
le |
poisson |
pn
(
m
)
|
have.
prs
.3
sg
|
make.
pst
.
ptcp
.
m
|
fry.
inf
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
fish(
m
)
|
‘Paul fried the fish.’ |
Georgian
še-Ø-c'v-av-s (FUT)
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
p'et're-m |
tevz-i |
še-Ø-c'v-a |
pn
-
erg
|
fish-
nom
|
prv
:inward-
do
3-burn-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
‘Petre fried the fish.’ |
German
braten
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Karl |
brät |
den |
Fisch |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
fry.
prs
.3
sg
|
def
.
m
.
acc
.
sg
|
fish[
acc
.
sg
]
|
‘Karl is frying the fish.’ |
Guinean Kpelle
yélîŋ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pépèe |
àá |
hɔ̀ɣɔlee |
yélíŋ̀ |
pn
|
3
sg
.
prf
|
fish
|
fry
|
‘Pepee fried a fish.’ |
Hindi
bhūnnā
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pratīk |
ne |
machlī |
bhun-ī. |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
obl
|
erg
|
fish(
f
).
sg
.
dir
|
roast.
pfv
-
f
.
sg
|
‘Prateek roasted fish.’ |
Icari Dargwa
b=erc'-uj
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
Islam-il |
baliqː |
b=erc'-ib |
pn
-
erg
|
fish.
abs
|
n
=fry:
pf
-
aor
|
‘Islam fried the fish.’ |
Irish
róst
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Róst |
Pól |
iasc. |
fry(
pst
)
|
pn
|
fish
|
‘Pól fried the fish.’ |
Ismayilli Kryz
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
aslan-ir |
baliğ |
iru |
vor-du |
pn
-
erg
|
fish
|
red
|
f
.do.
pf
-
aor
.
f
|
‘Aslan fried the fish.’ |
Italian
friggere
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Leo |
ha |
fritto |
il |
pesc-e |
pn
(
m
)
|
aux
.3
sg
.
prs
|
fry.
pst
.
ptcp
|
def
.
sg
.
m
|
fish-
sg
.
m
|
‘Leo fried the fish.’ |
Kadar Dargwa
CL-erc'-es / uc'-es
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
meħamad-li |
baliq |
b-erc'-ib |
pn
-
erg
|
fish
|
n
-fry.
pfv
-
pret
|
‘Muhammad fried the fish.’ |
Kalderash Romani
pekəl
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
o |
Murš-a |
pek-ľ-a |
maś-o |
art
.
m
.
dir
.
sg
|
pn
-
nom
.
sg
|
fry-
pst
-3
sg
|
fish-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Murša fried the fish.’ |
Kandyk Tabasaran
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
fatima-ji |
jikː |
žarit’ |
ʁ-ap’-nu |
pn
-
erg
|
meat(
abs
)
|
roast
|
pf
-do-
pst
|
‘Fatima fried meat.’ |
Karata
bežaɬa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
ʕali-l |
ččuʕa |
b-ež-a |
pn
-
erg
|
fish
|
n
-fry-
aor
|
‘Ali fried the fish.’ |
Kaytag Dargwa
berc’ara
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
petja-l |
b-erc’-iv |
baˁliq |
pn
-
erg
|
n
-fry.
pf
-
aor
|
fish
|
‘Petja fried the fish.’ |
Kazakh
quwïr
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
balïq |
quwïr-dï |
pn
|
fish
|
fry-
pst
1.3
sg
|
‘Petya fried the fish.’ |
Kazym Khanty
šarǝti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pet’a-j-en |
χǔλ |
šarǝt-ǝs |
pn
-
ep
-
poss
.2
sg
|
fish
|
fry-
pst
[3
sg
]
|
‘Petja fried the fish.’ |
Khoekhoe
sâi
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petru-b |
ge |
ǁau-b-a |
ge |
am |
pn
-3
m
.
sg
|
decl
|
fish-3
m
.
sg
-
obl
|
pst
|
fry
|
‘Peter fried the fish.’ |
Khwarshi
išana
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
išat'-i |
išajna |
čuʕa |
mother.
o
-
erg
|
fry\
pst
.
w
|
fish(
iii
)
|
‘Mother fried the fish.’ |
Kina Rutul
wiǯira
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
rasul-a |
baluʁ |
w-iǯi-r=a |
pn
-
erg
|
fish(
nom
)
|
3-fry.
pfv
-
cvb
=be
|
‘Rasul fried the fish.’ |
Kryz Proper
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
aslan-ir |
baluğ |
ürü |
va-du |
pn
-
erg
|
fish
|
red
|
f
.do.
pf
-
aor
.
f
|
‘Aslan fried the fish.’ |
Kumyk
qɨzarmaq
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
patimat |
balɨq-nɨ |
qɨzar-t-d-ɨ |
pn
|
fish-
acc
|
fry-
caus
-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘Patimat fried the fish.’ |
Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish)
sor kirin (tr)
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
zilam |
masî |
sor |
kir-in |
man
|
fish(
pl
)
|
red
|
make.
pfv
-
pl
|
‘The man fried the fish.’ |
Latin
frigo
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
horde-um |
poster-o |
di-e |
frig-unt |
barley(
n
)-
acc
.
sg
|
next-
abl
.
sg
.
m
|
day(
m
)-
abl
.
sg
|
fry[
prs
.
ind
]-
act
.3
pl
|
‘They roast the barley the day after.’ |
Note: (Plin. NH 18, 72) |
Laz
o-daγan-u
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
Käzim-i-k |
čxom-i |
do-Ø-daγan-u |
pn
-
b
-
erg
|
fish-
nom
|
prv
-
do
3-fry-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
‘Käzim fried the fish.’ |
Mandarin Chinese
zhà
Valency pattern:
SUB_ba
|
X: SBJ |
Y: ba |
Locus: Y |
Zhāngsān |
bǎ |
yú |
zhà |
le |
pn
|
ba
|
fish
|
fry
|
pfv
|
‘Zhangsan fried the fish.’ |
Note: The status of the "bǎ"-construction is controversial. |
Mano
yìè
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pèé |
ē |
kpà̰á̰ |
yìè |
pn
|
3
sg
.
pst
|
fish
|
fry
|
‘Pe fried the fish.’ |
Mehweb
-erc'es
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
Patimat-li-ni |
b-erc'-ib |
k'as |
pn
-
obl
-
erg
|
n
-fry:
pfv
-
pst
|
fish
|
‘Patimat fried the fish.’ |
Mingrelian
do-Ø-č'-un-s (FUT)
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
čelo-k |
čxom-(i) |
do-Ø-č'-u |
pn
-
erg
|
fish-
nom
|
prv
-
do
3-fry-
s
3
sg
.
pst
|
‘Chelo fried the fish.’ |
Modern Hebrew
tigen
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pinχas |
tigen |
et |
ha |
dag |
pn
|
fry[
pst
.3
sg
.
m
]
|
do
|
def
|
fish
|
‘Pinchas fried the fish.’ |
Mukhad Rutul
džirdžin
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
murad-a |
baluʁ |
vi-džirdži-ri |
pn
-
erg
|
fish
|
a
-fry.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Murad fried the fish.’ |
Nanai
čero-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Petia |
sogdata-wa |
čero-xa-ni |
pn
|
fish-
obl
|
fry-
pst
-
p
.3
sg
|
‘Petia fried the fish.’ |
Nivkh
r̥ad
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kaskazik |
cʰо |
+ |
r̥a-d |
pn
|
fish
|
+
|
fry-
ind
|
‘Kaskazik fried the fish.’ |
Northern Akhvakh
bižuruƛa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
patħudi-de |
č:uʕa |
b-iž-ari |
pn
-
erg
|
fish
|
n
-fry-
aor
|
‘Pathudi fried the fish.’ |
Northern Mansi
pōnslas
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pājel |
xūl |
pōnsl-as |
pn
|
fish
|
fry-
pst
.3
sg
|
‘Pasha fried the fish.’ |
Northern Yukaghir
hа̄lˈǝs=
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Sǝmiǝn |
аlˈɣа-lǝ |
hа̄lˈǝ-s-mǝ-lǝ |
pn
|
fish-
acc
|
burn-
caus
-
tr
-
of
.3
sg
|
‘Semien fried the fish.’ |
Norwegian Bokmål
å steke
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Per |
stek-te |
fisk-en |
pn
|
fry-
pst
|
fish-
def
.
m
.
sg
|
‘Per fried the fish.’ |
Polish
usmażyć
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Adam |
usmaży-ł |
ryb-ę |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
fry:
pfv
-
pst
[
m
.3
sg
]
|
fish-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Adam fried the fish.’ |
Russian
požaritʹ
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Pet-ja |
požari-l |
ryb-u |
pn
(
m
)-
nom
.
sg
|
fry(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
fish(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petja fried the fish.’ |
Serbian
ispržiti
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petar |
je |
isprži-o |
rib-u |
pn
.
nom
.
sg
|
be.
prs
.3
sg
|
fry-
part
.
perf
.
m
.
sg
|
fish-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Petar fried the fish.’ |
Shinaz Rutul
džirdž hɨʔɨ-n
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
basir |
vidžirdž |
havʔɨ-r |
baluʁ |
pn
(
erg
)
|
a
.cooking
|
a
.do.
pf
-
aor
|
fish(
a
)
|
‘Basir fried the fish.’ |
Shughni
pêxtow
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: OBL |
Locus: TR |
Azim=i |
gūx̌t |
pêx-t |
pn
=3
sg
|
meat
|
cook-
pst
|
‘Azim fried the meat.’ |
Skolt Saami
päʹštted
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peâtt |
paaʹšt-i |
kueʹl |
pn
.
sg
.
nom
|
fry-
pst
.3
sg
|
fish.
sg
.
acc
|
‘Pete fried the fish.’ |
Slovak
usmažiť
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
usmaži-l |
ryb-u |
pn
(
m
)[
nom
.
sg
]
|
fry(
pfv
)-
pst
[
m
.
sg
]
|
fish(
f
)-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Peter fried the fish.’ |
Slovenian
speči
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Peter |
je |
speke-l |
rib-o |
pn
[
nom
.
sg
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
fry:
pfv
-
lpt
[
m
.
sg
]
|
fish-
acc
.
sg
|
‘Peter fried the fish.’ |
Sorani Kurdish
sûr kirdinewe
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ.TR |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Hemîn |
masî-eke=î |
sûr |
kird-Ø-ewe |
pn
|
fish-
def
=3
sg
.
pc
|
red
|
do.
pst
-3
sg
-
asp
|
‘Hemin fried the fish.’ |
Note: The 3SG.PC morpheme indexes the subject of the transitive clause in the past tense. |
Southern Rutul
ire hıʔın
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
murad-a |
baluğ |
ir-e |
havʔı-r |
pn
-
erg
|
fish
|
red-
predic
|
a
.do.
pf
-
aor
|
‘Murad fried the fish.’ |
Spanish
freír
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Pedro |
ha |
frei-do |
pescado |
pn
[
sg
.
m
]
|
aux
.3
sg
|
fry-
ptcp
:
prf
|
fish[
sg
.
m
]
|
‘Pedro fried the fish.’ |
Standard Arabic
qalā
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Badr-un |
qalā |
samak-a-n |
pn
-
nom
|
fry.
pf
.3
m
|
fish-
acc
-
indef
|
‘Badr fried a fish.’ |
Svan
a-Ø-t'q'b-e (PRS)
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
maizer-d |
k'almax-Ø |
an-Ø-t'q'ab-e |
pn
-
erg
|
trout-
nom
|
prv
:
dist
-
do
3-fry-
pst
|
‘Maizer fried a fish.’ |
Swedish
att steka
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Björn |
stek-te |
fisk-en |
pn
|
fry-
pst
|
fish-
def
.
c
.
sg
|
‘Björn fried the fish.’ |
Tagalog
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ACT |
Y: UND |
Locus: TR |
pr<in>ito |
ni |
Pedro |
ang |
isda |
<
pv
>
pfv
.fry
|
pers
.
gen
|
pn
|
subj
|
fish
|
‘Pedro fried the fish.’ |
Note: Co-exists with the AV construction. |
Telugu
vēyiṁcu
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
pravīṇ |
cēpa-nu |
vēyiṁcāḍu |
pn
(
m
).
sg
.
nom
|
fish(
n
).
sg
.
obl
-
acc
|
fry.
pst
.3
sg
.
m
|
‘Praveen fried the fish.’ |
Tsakhur
qhedžiy
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
murad-ee |
baluğ-ar |
qhedžu |
pn
-
erg
|
fish-
pl
|
(
n
)fry.
pf
|
‘Murad fried the fish.’ |
Tsudakhar Dargwa
b-erc'-iz/b-uc'-iz
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG/LOC(LAT) |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
rursːi-le |
dig |
b-erc'-ib |
girl-
erg
/
loc
(
lat
)
|
meat
|
n
-roast.
pfv
-
pret
(3)
|
‘The girl roasted the meat.’ |
Tsugni Dargwa
b-erc'-i / b-uc'-i
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
rursːi-li |
dig |
b-erc'-ib |
girl-
erg
|
meat
|
n
-roast.
pfv
-
pret
(3)
|
‘The girl roasted the meat.’ |
Turkish
kızartmak
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Mehmet |
balığ-ı |
kızart-tı |
pn
|
fish-
acc
|
fry-
pst
|
‘Mehmet fried the fish.’ |
Turoyo
mqale
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Gabriyel |
mqale-le |
u |
nuno |
pn
|
fry.
pfv
-
ls
.3
m
|
art
.
m
|
fish(
m
)
|
‘Gabriyel fried the fish.’ |
Twi
kye
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
Kofi |
kye-e |
nsuomnam |
no |
pn
|
fry-
pst
|
fish
|
def
|
‘Kofi fried the fish.’ |
Udmurt
пыжыны
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Петя |
чорыг |
пыж-из |
pn
.
nom
|
fish.
nom
|
fry-
pst
.3
sg
|
‘Petja fried a fish.’ |
Ulcha
ǯal'ǯači-
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
əniə |
sugdata-wa |
ǯal'ǯača-xa-n |
mother
|
fish-
acc
|
roast-
pst
-3
sg
|
‘Mother fried the fish.’ |
Uzbek
qovurmoq
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ACC |
Locus: TR |
Petya |
baliq |
qovur-di |
pn
|
fish
|
fry-
pst
.3
sg
|
‘Petja fried the fish.’ |
West Central Oromo
biltʃeessa
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: NOM |
Y: ABS |
Locus: TR |
gurbaa-n |
k'urt'umm-ittʃa |
biltʃ-eess-e |
boy-
nom
|
fish-
def
.
abs
|
fry-
caus
-3
sg
.
m
.
pfv
|
‘The boy fried the fish’ |
Wolof
saaf
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ |
Y: OBJ |
Locus: TR |
dama |
saaf |
yàpp |
w-i |
f
oc
v
.s
i
:1
sg
|
fry
|
meat(
w
)
|
cl
w
-
def
|
‘I fried the meat.’ |
Yargun Lezgian
qavurmișin
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
Sahib-a |
ǧed |
qavurmiș-na |
pn
-
erg
|
fish
|
grill_
vn
-
aor
|
‘Sahib grilled the fish.’ |
Zazaki
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: SBJ.TR |
Y: DO |
Locus: TR |
fatə |
masɛ |
suːr |
kɛrd |
f
ate
|
fish
|
red
|
do.
pst
|
‘Fate fried the fish.’ |
Zilo Andi
<b>-eʒ.a
Valency pattern:
TR
|
X: ERG |
Y: NOM |
Locus: TR |
pat’imati-di |
b-eʒ.a |
χʷammi |
pn
-
erg
|
inan
1-brown.
pst
(
aor
)
|
fish[
inan
1][
nom
]
|
‘Patimat fried a fish.’ |